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1.
五氯酚的臭氧催化氧化特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过五氯酚(PCP)的Fe2+/O3催化氧化实验研究了其臭氧催化氧化特性,结果表明,PCP在反应5 min后几乎可以完全分解,但是TOC在反应30 min后的去除率只有50%左右,说明PCP不能被彻底氧化分解.通过对Cl-浓度的分析可知,伴随着PCP的氧化分解,苯环上的Cl会逐渐从苯环上释放到溶液中,而紫外吸光度值随反应时间的变化说明了臭氧催化氧化可以使得PCP中的苯环打开,将含有不饱和键的有机物转变成饱和的有机物.GC-MS分析结果表明,PCP的臭氧催化氧化首先是苯环的脱氯过程,随着反应的进行,苯环被打开,形成酯、醛、酸、氯代烷等小分子物质,最后被分解成CO2和H2O.  相似文献   

2.
腐植酸臭氧氧化和过氧化氢催化氧化处理特性比较   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
金鹏康  王晓昌  白帆 《环境化学》2005,24(5):533-537
以TOC和UV254为指标,比较了不同条件下腐植酸的臭氧氧化和过氧化氢催化氧化效果,运用HPLC和热裂解-GC-MS分析考察了氧化前后有机物分子量分布和官能团构造的变化情况.研究结果表明:过氧化氢和臭氧单独作为氧化剂对水中TOC基本上没有去除作用,但均能导致水中UV254浓度的降低;在几种催化剂的作用下,过氧化氢对TOC和UV254的去除效果明显提高,其中以O3作为催化剂的效果最好,Fe^2+次之,而Mn^2+和Cu^2+的催化效果较差;过氧化氢催化氧化和臭氧化均导致有机物分子量分布向小分子的方向转移,氧化后水中以羧酸、醇、胺、酯、醚、烷烃为代表的含氧基团和饱和构造基团明显增多;过氧化氢催化氧化和臭氧氧化均有助于改善混凝处理和活性炭吸附处理的效果.关键词腐植酸,臭氧,过氧化氢,催化氧化.  相似文献   

3.
采用臭氧氧化分别与混凝、活性炭吸附联用处理,对镁离子随有机物的去除而损失进行分析.结果表明,单独臭氧氧化不能有效去除高盐量水中的有机物.通过GC-MS分析和荧光检测,指出臭氧氧化改变了水中有机物的结构特征,增加了水中羧酸类有机物含量,从而导致镁离子与其发生络合配位.当这些有机物通过混凝或者活性炭吸附被去除时,与其发生配位的镁离子也会随之从水中损失.  相似文献   

4.
水中溶解臭氧分解反应动力学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文报导水中溶解臭氧的分解反应动力学研究结果。在液温10—30℃、PH5.3—8.0、臭氧浓度为2毫克/升以下时,臭氧分解速度与臭氧浓度呈一级反应动力学关系,与OH-浓度呈0.2级反应动力学关系。臭氧分解速度常数随液温升高而增大。测得臭氧分解反应的活化能为61.2kJ。在上述条件范围内,臭氧分解速度方程为:  相似文献   

5.
水溶液中17α-乙炔基雌二醇的臭氧氧化产物与反应历程   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用HPLC,GC/MS和量子化学软件Gaussian 98研究了水溶液中17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)臭氧氧化的产物及反应历程.分析结果表明,水溶液中EE2的氧化产物为亲水性较大的小分子化合物,经臭氧氧化2min后的产物主要为羟基化EE2的醌类化合物,20min后的氧化产物主要为乙二酸、丙二酸等含有2-6个碳原子的小分子羧酸类物质.软件计算结果表明,EE2分子中C2原子的电荷密度比较高,发生羟基自由基加成反应生成羟基化产物,然后被氧化为醌类化合物,进一步的氧化使得EE2苯环和脂环发生开环反应,生成小分子羧酸.产物鉴定与量子化学软件计算的结果具有一致性,两者的结合较好地揭示了EE2臭氧氧化的反应历程.  相似文献   

6.
测定了不同比臭氧消耗量条件下,印染废水生化出水中生化可降解溶解性有机碳(BDOC)在28 d内的变化过程,并对接种培养前后的三维荧光光谱进行了分析.结果表明,臭氧氧化能有效降低印染废水生化出水的色度和芳香度,明显提高可生化性.在比臭氧消耗量2.7 mg.mg-1条件下,预计臭氧氧化和生物滤池联用技术对DOC的去除率约为54%.另外,亲水性有机物对BDOC的贡献率与比臭氧消耗量呈正比关系.类腐殖和类色氨酸物质的荧光强度在一定程度上反映了生化难降解有机物的含量.  相似文献   

7.
以活性氧化铝为载体,采用浸渍法制备催化剂,对甲基橙及草酸模拟废水进行处理.在中性条件下,臭氧催化氧化比单独臭氧氧化能提前30 min使得甲基橙溶液褪色,反应105 min时,臭氧催化氧化对TOC的去除率高达96.53%,比单独使用臭氧氧化对甲基橙TOC去除率提高了47.19%,在处理草酸废水时臭氧催化氧化对TOC去除率高达80.59%,比单独使用臭氧氧化对草酸TOC去除率提高了59.14%.在处理甲基橙及草酸的小试实验中催化剂对有机污染物的吸附作用起到了加快反应进行的作用.在对垃圾渗滤液超滤出水时,O3与COD质量比为1:1时,臭氧催化氧化对COD去除率为49.09%,比单独使用臭氧氧化提高36.37%,臭氧催化氧化对TOC的去除率是单独使用臭氧氧化的2.54倍,在处理垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓水时,臭氧催化氧化对COD去除率高达88.72%,比单独使用臭氧氧化提高37.60%,并且臭氧催化氧化对TOC的去除率是单独臭氧氧化的1.6倍.臭氧催化氧化反应过程中产生的羟基自由基对有机物更快的反应速率.  相似文献   

8.
铁盐和铝盐混凝剂对消毒副产物的控制作用及机制研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以三氯化铁和硫酸铝为研究对象,探讨了两种混凝剂对三氯甲烷生成量的控制作用及控制机制.结果表明,与硫酸铝相比,三氯化铁可以更好地控制三氯甲烷的生成量,对有机物的去除方面,也具有良好的效果.E4/E6变化表明,三氯化铁和硫酸铝对水中有机物的去除机制不同,硫酸铝主要去除水中大分子的有机物,三氯化铁更倾向于去除水中小分子有机物,而这些小分子有机物通常是消毒副产物的前体物,从而使三氯化铁对消毒副产物的控制作用较硫酸铝明显.  相似文献   

9.
使用碱式共沉淀法成功制备Fe(Mn)OOH催化剂,并且证实Fe(Mn)OOH可以高效催化臭氧降解水中扑米酮(PMD)和溶解性有机物(DOMs).表征分析表明,Fe(Mn)OOH表现出α-FeOOH和MnFe_2O_4两相的特征晶相结构.在相同条件下,Fe(Mn)OOH催化臭氧体系比单独臭氧、MnFe_2O_4和FeOOH催化臭氧体系表现出更好的扑米酮降解效能.在20 min时,Fe(Mn)OOH催化臭氧体系可以降解去离子水中97.5%的扑米酮,并且在快速和慢速反应阶段的反应速率常数分别可达0.46044 min~(-1)和0.10723 min~(-1).结果还表明,初始扑米酮和臭氧浓度以及催化剂投量之间的配比关系可能对扑米酮的降解有重要影响.Fe(Mn)OOH催化体系遵循羟基自由基的反应机制,可能是通过促进臭氧快速分解产生大量的羟基自由基,进而提高了水中有机物的降解效能.此外,Fe(Mn)OOH还具有结构稳定,可重复利用性好的优势.  相似文献   

10.
以葡萄糖为模版,采用蒸发诱导自组装法合成了铁、钛掺杂γ-Al_2O_3(γ-Fe-Ti-Al_2O_3)介孔催化剂,并将其用于臭氧氧化含Br~-水中布洛芬. X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征结果表明,铁、钛成功掺杂进入γ-Al_2O_3骨架,分布均匀,保持了γ-Al_2O_3有序的介孔结构,具有较大的比表面积,钛的价态为Ti~(4+)和Ti~(3+)共存,铁的价态是Fe~(3+).铁、钛的掺杂显著提高γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧氧化含Br~-水中布洛芬的活性,且有效阻断了溴酸盐的生成,反应60 min后,TOC去除率由γ-Al_2O_3的54%提高到86%,而单独臭氧氧化仅为13%.电子自旋共振和催化剂表面Fe~(2+)离子捕获实验表明,羟基和超氧自由基是反应活性氧物种,有利于有机物的矿化;有机物能够强化γ-Fe-Ti-Al_2O_3催化剂中的Fe~(3+)还原为Fe~(2+),从而有利于溴酸盐的阻断还原.  相似文献   

11.
• Annual AOCs in MBR effluents were stable with small increase in warmer seasons. • Significant increase in AOC levels of tertiary effluents were observed. • Coagulation in prior to ozonation can reduce AOC formation in tertiary treatment. • ∆UV254 and SUVA can be surrogates to predict the AOC changes during ozonation. As water reuse development has increased, biological stability issues associated with reclaimed water have gained attention. This study evaluated assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in effluents from a full-scale membrane biological reactor (MBR) plant and found that they were generally stable over one year (125–216 µg/L), with slight increases in warmer seasons. After additional tertiary treatments, the largest increases in absolute and specific AOCs were detected during ozonation, followed by coagulation-ozonation and coagulation. Moreover, UV254 absorbance is known to be an effective surrogate to predict the AOC changes during ozonation. Applying coagulation prior to ozonation of MBR effluents for removal of large molecules was found to reduce the AOC formation compared with ozonation treatment alone. Finally, the results revealed that attention should be paid to seasonal variations in influent and organic fraction changes during treatment to enable sustainable water reuse.  相似文献   

12.
• SMX was mainly degraded by hydrolysis, isoxazole oxidation and double-bond addition. • Isoxazole oxidation and bond addition products were formed by direct ozonation. • Hydroxylated products were produced by indirect oxidation. • NOM mainly affected the degradation of SMX by consuming OH rather than O3. • Inhibitory effect of NOM on SMX removal was related to the components’ aromaticity. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is commonly detected in wastewater and cannot be completely decomposed during conventional treatment processes. Ozone (O3) is often used in water treatment. This study explored the influence of natural organic matters (NOM) in secondary effluent of a sewage treatment plant on the ozonation pathways of SMX. The changes in NOM components during ozonation were also analyzed. SMX was primarily degraded by hydrolysis, isoxazole-ring opening, and double-bond addition, whereas hydroxylation was not the principal route given the low maximum abundances of the hydroxylated products, with m/z of 269 and 287. The hydroxylation process occurred mainly through indirect oxidation because the maximum abundances of the products reduced by about 70% after the radical quencher was added, whereas isoxazole-ring opening and double-bond addition processes mainly depended on direct oxidation, which was unaffected by the quencher. NOM mainly affected the degradation of micropollutants by consuming OH rather than O3 molecules, resulting in the 63%–85% decrease in indirect oxidation products. The NOM in the effluent were also degraded simultaneously during ozonation, and the components with larger aromaticity were more likely degraded through direct oxidation. The dependences of the three main components of NOM in the effluent on indirect oxidation followed the sequence: humic-like substances>fluvic-like substances>protein-like substances. This study reveals the ozonation mechanism of SMX in secondary effluent and provides a theoretical basis for the control of SMX and its degradation products in actual water treatment.  相似文献   

13.
给水深度处理中臭氧副产物的产生及控制   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
就给水深度处理中臭氧副产物的产生及其化学过程、控制臭氧副产物生成的技术措施等问题进行了探讨。采用臭氧深度处理时,会产生以甲醛为代表的有机副产物,以溴酸根为代表的无机副产物。副产物的形成与溴离子浓度、水中有机物种类和浓度、pH值、臭氧投加量、温度和碱度等因素有关。在应用臭氧进行深度处理时,应根据不同条件,采取适宜的措施,以减少臭氧副产物的生成。  相似文献   

14.
This study conducted in monitoring respirometer oxygen consumption of aerobic microorganism during biodegradation processes of ozonated organic matters, which can estimate both biodegraded efficiency and coefficient of natural organic matters (NOMs) in water source. It can be proposed that different ozone dosage might change biodegradation characteristics of organic matters. The result reveals that higher ozone dosage may cause higher biomass yield coefficient of microorganism, and cultured microorganism may easily utilize biodegradation organic matters (BOMs) produced by ozonation, finally increasing overall removal efficiency. Therefore, using respirometer to evaluate the production of BOMs by ozonation before the biological treatment is effective for controling ozone dosage and enhancement of NOMs removal by biological processes.  相似文献   

15.
The relatively recent discovery of disinfection by-products has driven the main regulatory organisms to set maximum contaminant levels for certain substances in drinking water. Trihalomethanes can be deemed as the most important group of by-products in chlorinated surface waters. The present work has focused on trihalomethane formation in a full-scale water treatment plant. We studied the effect of several factors, including ozonation, on trihalomethane levels in chlorinated treated water. The treatment scheme also includes an ozonation step. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

16.
This research work was performed to evaluate ozonation and granular activated carbon adsorption processes from the view‐point of controlling the formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). Both the humic acid and raw water were first preozonated and then adsorbed on the activated carbon to assess the potency for removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and DBPs. The disinfection by‐product including THMs and HAAs, in principle, can be successfully removed through a use of the ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption processes. However, in practice dealing with the raw water, it is necessary to introduce the pilot‐plant to obtain the design and operation guidelines for the water treatment plant through the ICA (Instrumentation Control and Automation) program in our future research work.  相似文献   

17.
The organic ground substance (OGS) is an adsorbent of many of the harmful substances found in productive soil. Using the example of adsorption enthalpy of Phenol derivatives, it can be shown that the organic connection on the OGS in sewage farm land and nonsewage farm land is comparable. Based on the OGS content, the sewage farm land showed itself to be the worse adsorbent. The reasons lie in blockage at the adsorption points caused by other molecules, but also because not all of the OGS on the sewage farm land functions as an adsorbent.  相似文献   

18.
利用示差脉冲伏安法研究了不同有机物料在嫌气培养条件下产生的有机还原性物质的动态变化.结果表明:在培养起始阶段,强还原性有机物质的数量迅速增加,以后逐渐下降.不同有机物料所产生的有机还原性物质的强度和数量各不相同。培养初期,有机还原性物质种类较多,长时间培养后,部分还原能力较弱的有机物质消失。长时间培养后。嫌气培养液中强还原性有机物质可能与金属离子作用,使其活性降低。  相似文献   

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