人工影响天气对甘肃农业可持续发展的影响

介绍了人工影响天气的概念、原理和作业方法。在论述了人工影响天气在甘肃省农业可持续发展的作用的基础上，提出以下建议：（１）进一步重视空中水资源的开发；（２）进一步增强人工影响天气作业的有效性；（３）进一步加强对人工影响天气作业的管理。     

亚欧首脑会议通过关于在中国湖南建立“亚欧水资源研究和利用中心”的倡议

<正>2010年10月4-5日,第八届亚欧首脑会议在比利时布鲁塞尔举行。国务院总理温家宝出席会议并在开幕式上致辞。温总理在致辞中提出了"建立'亚欧水资源研究和利用中心',通过科技合作共同提高水资源管理能力,促进亚欧国家可持续发展"的倡议。温总理的倡议得到了亚欧会议各成员的积极响应,并作为重要成果之一列入了会议通过的《主席声明》"可持续发展"部分。     

水资源短缺条件下绿洲的建设和发展——以卡拉—铁干里克垦区为例

在水资源短缺条件下，垦区农业发展采取了多种经营，发展以棉花、水果和养鹿为主的高效特色农业，同时加强工程建设，进行水资源开源节流，强化管理和对绿洲的保护，这些已成为维持绿洲稳定和促进绿洲农业经济发展的关键措施。     

流域管理评估：墨西哥的情况

墨西哥从1940年代开始就有了流域水资源管理方面的机构安排，主要目的是促进以水资源为基础的社会经济发展．1990年代再次确立了流域方面的制度以改善水资源管理方法．但是这些努力在高效和公平管理方面取得的成果却十分有限．现在墨西哥各地区要求在规划、管理和决策方面发挥更大的作用．有迹象表明一些州已经在规划和管理水资源方面取得了进展．     

节水条件下太行山区水资源开发与利用模式研究

干旱、贫瘠、缺水一直影响着太行山区的经济发展和生态环境的改善，但太行山区多年平均降雨量并不少于平原区，只是由于自然和人为因素的坡坏，造成太行山区“有雨则泄、无雨则旱”的严重局面，致使在传统灌水方式的情况下，很难保主农业的可持续发展和水资源的可持续开发利用。针对太行山区“散而少”的水资源特点，从水资源的可持续开发和有限水资源高效利用的角度，探讨适合太行山区发展的水资源开发模式和灌溉模式。     

城市区域的水资源管理和保护

为了管理和保护水资源，需要有各种各样的方法，污水处理是昂贵的，而且发展中国家经常使用的2－4步处理也阻了他们的污水处理，化学沉淀法和废水稳定池＋构造湿地组合法常常可以明显地减少对水资源的冲击，建议发展中国家最好考虑采用这些方法。     

广东省水资源问题及可持续利用对策

论述了广东省的水资源状况和水资源利用中存在的主要问题，提出了水资源可持续利用的对策。认为水质性缺水、水利工程老化失修、水资源浪费严重、管理体制不健全是水资源利用中存在的主要问题；应加强水污染的防治，健全防洪防旱体系，建立健全水资源统一管理运作饥制，提高全民节水观念，发展节水农业，走兴林治水之路，使水资源可持续利用。     

水污染对扬州市水资源存量的影响评价

将水资源分成水资源的流量和存量两部分，估算了扬州市的水资源存量，提出了评价水污染对水资源存量影响的评价方法，并利用这种方法对扬州市水污染对水资源存量的影响进行了评价，得出了扬州市的水资源存量不足，而水污染又对水资源存量产生了较大的影响的结论。     

节水型社会试点城市绵阳市的节水水平分析

以节水型社会试点城市绵阳市为例，分析了绵阳市的现状节水水平，在比较国内外先进用水水平的基础上，分析了绵阳市的节水潜力，以提高用水效率为核心，提出了必要的工程和非工程措施，保证水资源的高效利用，确保绵阳市社会经济的可持续发展。     

水资源短缺条件下绿洲的建设物发展—以卡拉—铁干里克垦区为例

在水资源短缺条件下绿洲的垦区农业采取多种经营，发展以棉花，水果和养鹿为主的高效特色农业，同时加强工程建设，进行水资源开源节流，强化管理和对绿洲的保护，这些已成为维持绿洲稳定和促进绿洲农业经济发展的关键措施。     

Some for all,forever — sustainable development and management of water resources

SUMMARY

The notion of sustainable development in the context of water resources is discussed. Facing the increasing pressures — population growth with consequences for settlements and production of food and fibre, and human aspirations to better living standards — the business-as-usual approach to water development and management cannot he globally sustainable. The need for curbing water demands and for ‘doing more with less’ are gaining growing recognition in our increasingly thirsty planet. An integrated approach to freshwater resources is needed, based on the perception of water as a natural resource, part of the ecosystem, and an economic and social good. It is discussed how hydrological extremes jeopardize sustainable development. Sustainability-related properties of drought and flood preparedness and mitigation measures are reviewed. Even if the term ‘sustainable development’ has been typically used in a qualitative sense, in order to compare how different options (e.g. flood protection alternatives) fare with regard to sustainable development, one needs at least rough quantitative measures. A sample of relevant indices is reviewed. It is advocated that hydrological observations should be recognized as an essential component of sustainable development and management of water resources.     

基于压力—状态—响应概念框架的可持续水资源管理指标体系研究

基于压力－状态－响应概念框架,充分考虑可持续隶资源研究的特点和目标,提出持续水资源管理指标体系,并应用于深圳东部供水水源工程可持续管理的评价。     

Water shortage: a serious problem in sustainable development of China

SUMMARY

Water crises have occurred in more than 400 cities in China at the beginning of 2000. Investigation and statistical data suggest that there are five main problems in the management and utilization of water resources in China. These are (1) insufficient capacity and inhomogeneous space-time distribution of natural resources, (2) outdated construction of water conservancy projects and supply engineering, (3) unreasonable industrial water consumption, (4) increased water pollution and (5) incomplete management of the river basin and waterworks in city. It is necessary to take steps corresponding to the above-mentioned reasons to mitigate and even dispel the pressure on water resources for sustainable development of China as quickly as possible.     

Integrating eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness into the design of sustainable industrial systems in China

As an important tool for environment management, eco-efficiency has been widely applied, but eco-effectiveness has only made progress on eco-design and life cycle management in recent years. Few have attempted to integrate eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness into sustainable industrial systems. In a new framework integrating eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness, both concepts can find unique roles and complement each other in industrial ecosystems to dissolve conflicts between industry and the environment. This article provides a case study of China in which eco-efficiency indicators (energy, water and waste utilisation intensity) have demonstrated great progress in China, but eco-efficiency cannot stop the increasing release of pollutants and their accumulating impact on ecological life-support systems. China must integrate eco-effectiveness and eco-efficiency into concrete sustainable development strategies, questioning whether limited resources are being used correctly. Both eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness are identified as important indicators in the development of sustainable industrial systems. In the framework of sustainable industrial systems, eco-effectiveness must begin to play a more important role.     

Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands

•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development. •Water resource conservation drives industrial transformation. •Synergy between economic development and environmental protection is achieved. •Regional collaboration over water could promote sustainable development in drylands. Water resource availability is the major limiting factor for sustainable development in drylands. Climate change intensifies the conflicting water demands between people and the environment and highlights the importance of effective water resource management for achieving a balance between economic development and environmental protection. In 2008, Inner Mongolia, typical dryland in northern China, proposed strict regulations on water exploitation and utilization aimed at achieving sustainable development. Our study is the first to investigate the effectiveness and performance of these long-standing water conservation regulations. Our analyses found that the regulations drove industrial transformation, evidenced by the decreasing proportion of environmentally harmful industries such as coal and steel, and the increasing proportion of tertiary industries (especially tourism). Following industrial transformation, economic development decoupled from industrial water consumption and subsequently led to reduced negative environmental impacts. Based on these results, adaptive strategies were developed for 12 cities by revealing and integrating their development pathways and relative status in achieving sustainable development. Integration and cooperation between cities were proposed, e.g., a water trade agreement between eastern Inner Mongolia (an economically underdeveloped region with relatively abundant water resources) and central Inner Mongolia (an economically developed region with high water stress). Such an agreement may enable the holistic achievement of sustainable development across regions. By integrating the findings of our research, our study presents a reproducible framework for water-management-based sustainable development strategies in drylands.     

Integrated river basin management in rapidly urbanizing areas: a case of Shenzhen, China

The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development. This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management (IRBM) using Longgang River basin of Shenzhen as an example, which is the city with the fastest rate of urbanization in China and even the whole world. Over the past 20 years, China has undergone a population boom due to the increase of immigrant workers and rapid development of laborintensive industries, which led to the sharp increase of water consumption and sewage discharge. However, the construction of the water infrastructure is still lagging far behind the environmental and social development, with only 32.7% of sewage in the district being treated. Currently, every water quality indicator of the Longgang River basin was unable to meet the required corresponding environmental standards, which further aggravated the water shortages of the region. Thus, an analytical framework is proposed to address the IRBM of the study area. The problems with the current management system include the lack of decentralization in decision-making, lack of enforcement with redundant plans, weak management capacity, financial inadequacy, and a poor system of stakeholder participation. In light of the principles of IRBM and the situation of the region, corresponding measures are put forward, including an increase of power given to sub-district offices, fewer but more feasible plans, capacity building among stakeholders, a combination of planning and marketing for overcoming financial inadequacy, and profound reform in the public participation system. The framework and institutional suggestions could inform similar processes in other representative river basins.     

天目湖水环境现状及生态旅游可持续发展对策

天目湖是江苏省开发建设的重点旅游风景区之一，然而旅游业的蓬勃发展也造成了天目湖的水环境的巨大破坏。文章根据对天目湖的全湖周年水质观测以及相关的历史资料的分析，在阐述天目湖水环境现状、旅游资源的优势的基础上，提出天目湖生态旅游可持续发展的对策与建议：良好的水质是天目湖持续发展生态旅游的首要条件；明确划定天目湖水源保护区的范围；因地制宜发展具有地方特色的旅游产业；增强污水处理能力，实施截污工程；恢复植被，控制氮磷的入湖量；养殖业适度发展；加强生态旅游资源开发利用中的保护与管理。     

Sustainable development strategies for China's Du Jiang Yan Water Resources Project

China's Du Jiang Yan Irrigation Project, dating back to 256 BC, is one of the world's earliest water resources projects. Although it has been benefiting the Sichuan Basin area for over 2000 years, it is facing increasing problems due to ecological deterioration, over-exploitation from local industries and agriculture, suboptimal resource allocation arising from supply and demand mismatches, and an aging infrastructure. The traditional water resources development model is no longer appropriate for current and future needs of the area. Therefore, a sustainable development framework is envisioned in which population, economy and environment coexist in harmony. Within this framework, major strategies, such as construction and renovation of infrastructure, promotion of water conserving irrigation through non-engineering measures, pollution control and ecological improvements, restructuring of management entities and exploration of new funding sources, are proposed. An evaluation system is also introduced to assess the degree of sustainability and to monitor progress towards a high level of sustainable development.     

Operating mechanism and set pair analysis model of a sustainable water resources system

There is no alternative to the world’s water resources, and their increasing scarcity is making it difficult to meet the world population’s water needs. This paper presents a sustainable water resources system (SWRS) and analyzes the operating mechanism that makes it possible to evaluate the status of such a system. A SWRS can be described as a complex coupling system that integrates water resources, social, economic and ecological systems into a whole. The SWRS’s operating mechanism is composed of dynamic, resistance and coordination components, and it interacts with and controls the system’s evolution process. The study introduces a new approach, set pair analysis theory, to measure the state of a SWRS, and an evaluation index system is established using the subsystems and operating mechanism of a SWRS. The evaluation index system is separated into three levels (goal level, criteria level and index level) and divides the index standard into five grades. An evaluation model of the SWRS based on set pair analysis theory is constructed, and an example of SWRS evaluation in Shanghai is presented. The connection degrees of the index in the three levels are calculated, and the connection degree of the goal index is calculated to be 0.342, which classifies the city’s SWRS condition as grade 2. The sustainable use of water resources in the region is determined to be at a relatively adequate level that meets the requirements of sustainable development.     

珠江三角洲区域一体化的水利政策法规体系研究

建立珠江三角洲区域一体化的水利政策法规体系是珠江三角洲国民经济社会发展和水利现代化建设的需要。从珠江三角洲地区现行水利政策法规存在的问题入手,开展珠江三角洲区域一体化的政策法规体系研究。结果表明：珠江三角洲地区现行水利政策法规体系仍很不完善,许多立、改、废工作亟待进行,2008年水政执法有效率总体较高,但很少在珠江三角洲层面开展区域一体化的联合执法,珠江三角洲水利政策法规体系建设应重点加强与水利现代化建设、水资源一体化配置、保护及管理相关的政策法规,进而建立统一协调、快速高效的区域一体化的联合执法体系。