NKA—Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂吸附高浓度苯胺溶液的试验研究

本文利用ＮＫＡ－Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂对高浓度苯胺溶液进行了静态吸附试验,希望利用大孔吸附树脂从化工废水中回收苯胺。     

CTMAB—膨润土吸附水中有机物的性能及应用

本文用溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）－改性膨润土，研究了ＣＴＭＡＢ－膨润土吸附水中α－萘胺、β－萘胺、α－萘酚、硝基苯和苯胺和性能和适宜条件。结果表明，ＣＴＭＡＢ－膨润土水中有机物的吸附能力与ＣＴＭＡＢ在膨润土上的实际交换量有关，也与作用方式和有机物辛醇－不分配系数有关，ＣＴＭＡＢ－膨润土对五种有机物的去除率顺序为：α－萘胺、β－萘胺、α－萘酚＞硝基苯＞苯胺。     

Cr3+改性膨润土对苯胺的吸附性能研究

研究了Cr^3 改性膨润土吸附苯胺的性能及适宜条件．结果表明，Cr^3 改性膨润土对苯胺具有很好的吸附效果，吸附过程很快达到平衡，酸性和中性环境均有利于吸附过程的进行．绘制了不同初始浓度下苯胺溶液在平衡浓度达国家工业废水第二类污染物三级排放标准和二级排放标准时，Cr^3 改性膨润土的用量和吸附等温线，并将吸附效果与原钙基膨润土、钠化膨润土和有机改性膨润土进行了对比。     

水溶液中硝基苯的超声微电场降解

研究了超声微电场中硝基苯的降解过程，并探讨了降解机理及反应历程。结果表明，硝基苯的降解符合拟一级反应，超声与微电场的耦合协同作用大大提高了硝基苯的降解效率，在槽电压10V条件下，协同作用的降解速率比简单加和作用的速率高一倍以上，经过30min协同处理后可以获得93．8％的去除率，而溶液中饱和气体种类等对降民产生一定的影响，经紫外和SMPE－GC－MS分析，推断硝基苯在电超声场作用下存在氧化还原反应与热解、自由基作用等协同作用。主要中间降解产物为苯胺、偶氮苯、1－氧，2－苯基－二氮烯、1，2－苯二甲酸二丁酯、1，2－苯二甲酸丁酯异丁酯等，最终产物为CO2、水及无机盐类。     

次氯酸钠光度法测定污水中的苯胺

本文对ＮａＣｌＯ为氧化显色剂，亚硝基铁氰化剂，测定污水中的苯胺。当λｍａｘ为６９４ｎｍ时，εｍａｘ为３×１０＾４，最低检出限为０．０１ｍｇ／１，０－２０ｍｇ／ｌ的苯胺溶液的线性相关系数为０．９９９８。应用本法测定炼厂和采油厂排放的污水，与萘乙二胺偶氮光度法的测定结果基本吻合。可消除石油类、苯酚、氨、硫化物及某些金属离子的干扰，是一种简便。快速的分析方法。     

土壤中4-溴苯胺降解动力学及其生态毒性追踪

秀谷隆是一种被广泛应用的取代脲类除草剂，其主要降解产物为４－溴苯胺（４－ＢＡ），研究４－溴苯胺在不同土壤中的降解动力学规律，并用土壤环境指示动物弹尾目跳虫Ｃｏｌｌｅｍｂｏｌａ（Ｆｏｌｓｏｍｉａ ｃａｎｄｉｄａ）跟踪指示该化合物在进一步降解过程中的毒性，结果表明：４－溴苯胺在土壤中的降解行为可用一级反应动力学方程来较好地描述，其生态毒性明显高于母体化合物秀谷隆，该化合物在粘土中的残留量低于砂土，但毒     

超高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定空气中甲基苯胺同分异构体及对氯代苯胺

建立了空气中甲基苯胺同分异构体及对氯代苯胺的硅胶吸附管采样-超高效液相色谱荧光检测分析方法.通过硅胶填料吸附管,采集空气中甲基苯胺和氯代苯胺.采用含1%氨水的甲醇,对硅胶填料解吸20 min.解吸溶液经0.22μm滤膜过滤,采用超高效液相色谱法分析,选择235 nm和335 nm作为荧光检测的激发和发射波长.4种苯胺类化合物在4.5 min内得到分离,在0.1—2.0 mg·L~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.11—0.4μg·m~(-3)(采样体积以10 L计),在0.5、1.0、2.0μg加标水平(相当于10 L空气中甲基苯胺和氯代苯胺浓度为50、100、200μg·m-3)下,回收率分别为95%—98%、94%—103%和95%—102%,RSD分别为1.0%—2.2%、1.6%—3.7%和1.3%—2.1%.结果表明,该方法适用于空气中甲基苯胺同分异构体及对氯代苯胺的同时分析.     

1硝基芘与苯衍生物共存对斜生栅藻的联合毒性

本文研究了１－硝基芘和硝基苯,苯酚、苯胺,甲苯四种苯的衍生物对斜生栅藻生长抑制的ＥＣ５０分别为０．１８２４ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１,３６．５１６４ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１,２１９．００２７ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１,４５．１６８９ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１ｔ ７２．３１７２ｍｇ．１＾－１。     

采用Fenton试剂处理废水中难降解的苯胺类化合物

本文采用Fenton试剂处理废水中难以降解的苯胺类化合物,实验结果表明:(1)添加KMnO_4溶液的量对COD和TOC去除率有一定的影响;(2)p-甲氧基苯胺与Fenton试剂反应速度很快;(3)九种苯胺类化合物经反应后,COD去除率为70—80％,TOC去除率为60—70％;(4)苯胺类化合物的结构对COD和TOC的去除有一定影响;(5)p-甲氧基苯胺的苯胺经反应后BOD_5值可以增大,有利于生物降解。     

苯甲酰苯胺光化学行为的共振拉曼光谱

采用共振拉曼光谱技术和量子化学计算研究了苯甲酰苯胺在甲醇和乙腈溶液中的短时光化学动力学行为.结果表明,苯甲酰苯胺的非平面反式结构为最稳定结构;在Frank-Condon区域内,苯甲酰苯胺主要由9个活性振动模组成;其中v24(苯环上C=C不对称伸缩振动和CCH的面内弯曲振动,NH面内弯曲振动)振动模在甲醇溶剂中的强度远远大于其在乙腈的强度;与脂肪酰胺类化合物和苯甲酰胺的研究结果比较发现,苯基取代-NH2上的H原子使得C=C不再具有明显的溶剂效应.     

苯胺的超临界水氧化研究1

苯胺的超临界水氧化表明,氧化剂Ｈ２Ｏ２、试验温度、压力和停留时间以及水样的起始ＴＯＣ值对ＴＯＣ的去除率有显著影响．在本试验中,选取了硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰等金属盐进行苯胺的均相催化氧化试验研究,结果表明,这些金属盐对苯胺的氧化有不同的催化活性,筛选出硫酸锰和和硫酸亚铁进行了进一步的研究．以硫酸锰作催化剂为例,在４５０℃,２８ＭＰａ,Ｋ＝１．１,ｐＨ＝４．０的条件下,当停留时间为４６ｓ时,ＴＯＣ去除率达到１００%．     

Aniline removal by Photocatalytic reaction of iron(iii) mediated with dissolved organic matter

When light (> 370 nm) was allowed to interact with an aqueous solution containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Fe(III), removal of aniline (AN) was observed. This was due to the photocatalytic reaction of Fe(III) mediated by DOM. Syringic acid (SYA) and humic acid (HA) were used as DOM in the present study. The ¹⁵N‐NMR spectrum of the product mixture from the light irradiation of the SYA/Fe(III) system demonstrated that AN was covalently bound to SYA. The kinetics of AN removal were, therefore, interpreted by assuming covalent binding between DOM and AN. The amounts of covalent binding sites and the apparent second‐order rate constants could be evaluated, and the amounts of covalent binding sites decreased with the increases of the concentration of DOM. This is attributed that the polymerization of DOM by the photo‐oxidation competed with the covalent binding between AN and DOM.     

Chemical identification and genotoxicity analysis of petrochemical industrial wastewater

The actual harmful effects of industrial wastewater can not be reflected by the conventional water quality index. Therefore, the change in dissolved organic matter and the genetic toxicity of petrochemical wastewater were observed in the current study by examining the wastewater treatment plant of a large petrochemical enterprise in Northwest China. Using XAD-8, MSC, and DA-7 resins, the wastewater was separated into six fractions, namely, hydrophobic acid (HOA), hydrophobic neutral (HOB), hydrophobic alkaline, hydrophilic acid, hydrophilic alkaline, and hydrophilic neutral. Umu-test was used to detect the genetic toxicity of the wastewater samples, and fluorescence spectra were also obtained to examine genetic toxic substances. The results show that wastewater treatment facilities can effectively reduce the concentration of organic matter in petrochemical wastewater (p<0.05). However, the mixing of aniline wastewater can increase the amount of organic carbon (p<0.05) and can overload facilities. This finding shows that the mixed collection and joint treatment of different types of petrochemical wastewater can affect the water quality of the effluent. Particularly, hydrophobic substances can be difficult to remove and account for a relatively large proportion of the effluent. The mixture of aniline wastewater can increase the genetic toxicity of the effluent (p<0.05), and biologic treatment can not effectively decrease the toxicity. Most of the genetic toxicology may exist in the HOA and HOB fractions. Fluorescence spectroscopy also confirms this result, and tryptophan-like substances may play an important role in genetic toxicity.     

Polyaniline films for efficient removal of aromatic acids from water

Adsorbents in the form of powders are commonly used to filtrate organic compounds in waters. However, this technique requires the separation of the solid phase from the solution after adsorption experiments. Here we propose the use of films as adsorbents. We synthesized polyaniline films by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline on red ceramic brick. This film was tested to remove trimellitic, hemimellitic and pyromellitic acids as model molecules of the biodegradation of aquatic humic substances. We evaluated the effect of pH, contact time and initial concentration. Our results show that optimal adsorption conditions required 45 min of solid/liquid contact at pH 7 and an initial concentration of 20 mg/l. The maximum adsorption capacities for hemimellitic, trimellitic and pyromellitic acids are 154.83 for hemimellitic acid, 161.88 for trimellitic acid and 175.26 mg/g for pyromellitic acid. The adsorption efficiency of the polyaniline film decreased only by 13 % after four cycles. Overall, we conclude that polyaniline films are promising separable adsorbents compared to conventional adsorbents for removal of aromatic polycarboxylic acids from water.     

Equilibrium,kinetic, and quantum chemical studies on the adsorption of Congo red using Imperata cylindrica leaf powder activated carbon

Leaf powder of spear grass, otherwise known as Imperata cylindrica (IC), was used to prepare activated carbon. The Imperata cylindrica activated carbon (ICAC) prepared was used for the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solution. Operation parameters such as initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were studied in batch systems. Equilibrium was attained in 150 and 180?min at lowest and highest concentrations, respectively. Maximum adsorption was observed at pH 3. Quantum chemical studies suggested that the protonation of aniline groups and minimal molecular size at planar geometry coupled with electrostatic interaction enhances the adsorption at low pH. Adsorption data were tested using pseudo-first-order and second-order reaction kinetics; the latter was found to be more suitable with a coefficient of determination of ≥0.99. The adsorption process fits Langmuir isotherm model better than the Freundlich model, with a maximum monolayer coverage of 313?mgg^?1. This study shows that ICAC is effective in removing CR dye from aqueous solutions.     

有机膨润土对苯胺的吸附性能及应用研究

以溴化十六烷基三甲铵为改性剂制备有机膨润土，利用正交实验研究了有机膨润土吸附垃圾渗滤液中极性有机污染物苯胺的性能、条件及改性条件对吸附效果的影响。结果表明，有机改性膨润土对苯胺有很好的吸附效果，实验条件下对苯胺的去除率可达90％以上，绘制了有机膨润土吸附苯胺的吸附等温线，通过与吸附苯酚效果的比较，总结了有机膨润土吸附极性有机污染物的一般规律。     

苯酚、苯胺及其衍生物对斜生栅列藻的急性毒性及QSAR研究

本文应用ＯＥＣＤ标准方法测定了１８种酚类胺类化合物对斜生栅列藻的４８ｈ－ＥＣ６０值,选择参数ＥＬＵＭＯ和ｌｇＫｏｗ进行了ＱＳＡＲ分析,得到下列回归方程：－１ｇＥＣ５０＝２．５４１－０．６４９ＥＬＵＭＯ＋０．２９９ＬｇＫｏｗ,ｎ＝１８,ｒ＝０．９０３,ＳＥ＝０．３１４应用所得方程计算了化合物的毒性,探讨了毒机理。     

零价铁还原和过硫酸盐氧化联合降解水中硝基苯

将零价铁(Fe0)的还原和过硫酸盐(persulfate,PS)的高级氧化技术结合用于水中难降解有机污染物硝基苯的去除.研究结果表明,Fe0在常温常压下可将硝基苯还原生成苯胺,随着Fe0投加量的增加,硝基苯还原为苯胺的速率逐渐增大.PS本身对硝基苯氧化作用不明显,但在Fe0与PS二者联合体系中,硝基苯和苯胺同时被去除,而且随着PS投加量的增加二者被去除的速度也随之增加.在Fe0还原和PS氧化联合处理硝基苯的体系中可能存在两个过程,一是Fe0还原硝基苯产生苯胺和二价铁离子Fe2+,二是Fe2+催化PS产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基将苯胺氧化降解.     

修复硝基苯污染底泥的活性覆盖材料筛选

针对硝基苯污染底泥修复的活性覆盖技术,筛选了适合阻断底泥中硝基苯释放的还原剂和吸附剂.采用的零价铁可迅速将难生物降解的硝基苯还原为苯胺,提高其生物可降解性,有利于将污染物彻底去除.零价铁对硝基苯的还原反应速率随着零价铁剂量的提高而提高,反应速率常数≥>10.001 min~(-1).吸附试验结果表明,在煤渣、活性炭、焦炭以及硅藻土几种常见的吸附剂中,活性炭具有最佳的吸附能力,但是其价格昂贵,不适于大规模应用.而廉价易得的煤渣对硝基苯及其降解产物苯胺具有良好的吸附性能,对硝基苯和苯胺的最大理论吸附量达到924.9 mg·kg~(-1)和1692.2 mg·kg~(-1).因此提出以煤渣为吸附基质,并添加一定比例零价铁的复合活性覆盖材料,为硝基苯污染底泥修复提供一种新的方向和基本参数.