草灌混播在边坡绿化防护中的应用

边坡绿化防护是对人工开挖建设形成的各种坡面进行生态修复以及防止水土流失的一项重要措施。草、灌木混播应用于边坡防护与修复,较之于单一的草被措施,更有利于形成立体的、多样的植被结构,对边坡的稳定和美化有更好的效果。     

公路边坡草地建植技术及其护坡效果

介绍了公路边坡的狗牙根、百喜草护坡建植技术及护坡效果。它们耐旱耐瘠，根系发达，生长快，在建植过程中配合特殊的种植栽培技术，种后１０ｄ左右即可出苗，３个月之后能有效地减少土壤冲刷６７．８％，坡面切割密度也由原来的７１％下降到１８％，不但绿化了公路环境，而且降低了公路建设的成本。     

公路边坡草地建植技术及其护坡效果

介绍了公路边坡的狗牙根、百喜草护坡建植技术及护坡效果。这两种草护坡效果较好，它们耐旱耐瘠，根系发达，生长快，在建植过程中配合特殊的种植栽培技术，种后１０ｄ左右即可出苗，３个月之后能有效地减少土壤冲刷６７８％，坡面切割密度也由原来的７１％下降到１８％，不但绿化了公路边坡，美化了环境，而且降低了公路建设的成本     

岳阳市城市绿化树种的选择及配置模式研究

选择观赏价值高、抗逆性强、保健功能强、经济效益高同时具有丰富历史文化底蕴和地方特色的植物材料用于城市林业建设中,可显著提高城市园林绿化的科技含量和综合效益;在园林植物配置上,根据园林美学原则和功能性要求,进行混植、群植、丛植、对植和孤植等,在充分发挥树木的群体美和个体美的同时可显著提高配置模式的整体功能性．     

云南典型丘陵区茶园有机管理措施对土壤侵蚀的影响

针对云南省典型丘陵区有机茶园管理措施,利用坡面土壤侵蚀机理模型——水蚀预报模型(WEPP),模拟了提高植被覆盖率与秸秆覆盖量对坡面土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明,无论是常规茶园还是有机茶园,降雨强度显著影响坡面土壤流失量和泥沙输出量;但坡长不是主要影响因子。秸秆覆盖使得土壤表层养分含量明显增加,同时也明显降低土壤侵蚀量,特别是在大暴雨和特大暴雨情况下,下降程度更明显;当秸秆覆盖量提高至1.0 kg·m-2时,土壤侵蚀量明显降低。模拟结果表明,随着有机茶园植被覆盖率的增加,土壤侵蚀量有所降低。对不同植被覆盖率和秸秆覆盖量组合效应的模拟结果表明,不同管理措施的综合作用对土壤流失量和泥沙输出量有明显减缓作用,特别当有机茶园覆盖率低的情况下,秸秆覆盖对土壤侵蚀的减缓作用更明显。     

不同修复年限植被混凝土基材有机碳氧化稳定性特征

为了解基材质量的变化,选择修复0、3、6、9、12和15年的基材作为研究对象,分析其微生物量碳(MBC)、总有机碳(TOC)及其氧化有机碳组分(F_1:极易氧化有机碳;F_2:容易氧化有机碳;F_3:较易氧化有机碳;F_4:难氧化有机碳)含量随修复年限的动态变化特征.结果显示:(1)基材TOC含量在修复早期下降显著,随年限增加略有升高,其后呈下降趋势,最后趋于稳定.(2)修复9年的基材氧化有机碳组分F_1、F_2和MBC显著大于12年和15年;并且从修复9年至15年,F_1、F_2和F_3组分占TOC的比例分别从32.14%、38.43%和20.07%下降至24.34%、22.59%和18.71%,F_4组分由9.99%增加至32.36%.(3)相关性分析结果表明TOC与F_1、F_2、F_3和F_4之间没有显著的相关性,而易氧化碳(ROC)与F_1、F_2和F_3之间具有显著的正相关性(P 0.05);MBC与ROC、F_1和F_2都具有显著的正相关性(P 0.05).本研究表明随着修复年限增加,基材有机碳的内部循环会受到阻碍,基材氧化有机碳组分可有效反映基材质量变化.(图4表2参44)     

降雨作用下坡面侵蚀的水动力机理

降雨作用下的坡面侵蚀不仅导致严重的水土流失,同时也可能诱发严重的重力地质灾害如滑坡、泥石流等.研究其发生发展的机理以及内部理论规律对减灾防灾具有至关重要的作用.文章以水动力学公式为基础,从坡面颗粒侵蚀的水分环境角度入手,分析了浸泡状态下松散颗粒和固定颗粒的侵蚀机理,揭示降雨作用下坡面水流与坡面颗粒间的相互作用关系,并给出各类型侵蚀发生所对应的临界降雨强度.最后,通过实例计算验证了理论的合理性.     

关于农业生态旅游的几点看法

农业生态旅游已逐渐成为普通大众的一种新的旅游消费方式，近年来国内外正在不断兴起。２生态旅游是农业生产与旅游活动的有机结合，它已日益成为农业的一个新的经济增长点。     

华南典型侵蚀区土壤有机碳流失机制模拟研究

土壤侵蚀条件下的碳流失问题是目前全球碳循环研究中的新点,也是土壤侵蚀基础性研究中的弱点。目前对于土壤侵蚀的研究多侧重于侵蚀造成养分流失及土地退化方面,关于土壤侵蚀对碳循环的影响研究较少。针对华南红壤侵蚀区的碳流失问题,采用室内人工模拟降雨的方法,探讨了华南典型侵蚀区两种土壤类型(林地、弃耕荒地)的有机碳流失过程,主要取得以下一些成果,(1)土壤有机碳的流失主要以侵蚀泥沙为载体,两种土壤(林地、弃耕荒地)坡面的泥沙有机碳含量均表现出随降雨历时逐渐减小的趋势,但雨强和坡度对侵蚀泥沙中有机碳含量的影响没有明显规律;林地土壤坡面的侵蚀泥沙中有机碳含量明显高于弃耕荒地土壤坡面的侵蚀泥沙中有机碳含量。(2)林地土壤的泥沙有机碳富集比大于弃耕荒地的泥沙有机碳富集比,林地土壤有机碳富集比变化范围为0.99~1.65,而弃耕荒地土壤有机碳富集比变化范围为0.86~1.07;林地土壤的有机碳流失率大于弃耕荒地的有机碳流失率。林地土壤的有机碳流失率变化范围为1.6%~18.9%,弃耕荒地土壤的为2.2%~10.4%。土壤有机碳流失率随降雨雨强的增加而增大,坡度对土壤有机碳流失率的影响不显著。(3)土壤有机碳流失强度与侵蚀强度呈明显的线性正相关关系,试验条件下(不同地类土壤、雨强、坡度)土壤有机碳流失强度与侵蚀强度间的函数关系可表达为:y(SOC)=5.104x(Erosion)+0.036(r2=0.984)。     

裸露岩质边坡覆绿的生态地质学指标分析

裸露岩质边坡覆绿成败的关键在于植物和岩体的有机结合,植被地境再造技术效果突出.通过以河南省宜阳县锦屏山高陡岩质边坡覆绿工程为研究对象,从生态地质学角度研究地境再造技术指标,为了解决岩质边坡的覆绿这一问题,必须要满足以下条件:岩体体裂隙率达到3%以上、岩壁覆绿植物种植孔深度在40~60 cm之间、种植孔施工角度与裂隙的发育产状相关且以切穿更多的裂隙为原则.     

On the behaviour of the residence time at the bottom of the mixed layer

To understand why the findings of Deleersnijder et al. [(2006), Environ Fluid Mech 6: 25–42]—the residence time in the mixed layer in not necessarily zero at the pycnocline—are consistent with those of Delhez and Deleersnijder [(2006), Ocean Dyn 56:139–150]—the residence time in a control domain vanishes at the open boundaries of this control domain—, it is necessary to consider a control domain that includes part of the pycnocline, in which the eddy diffusivity is assumed to be zero. Then, depending on the behaviour of the eddy diffusivity near the bottom of the mixed layer, the residence time may be seen to exhibit a discontinuity at the interface between the mixed layer and the pycnocline. If such a discontinuity exists, the residence time is non-zero in the former and zero in the latter. This is illustrated by analytical solutions obtained under the assumption that the eddy diffusivity is constant in the mixed layer.     

Observations on the function of the glands of the foot of the pediveliger of Ostrea edulis during settlement

The use during settlement of secretions of the 9 different types of gland in the foot of the pediveliger of Ostrea edulis L. was examined experimentally. During settlement, there is a progressive decrease in the crawling speed of the larva and a strengthening of its bond with the substratum. Both changes are related to (a) a change from ciliary to muscular pedal locomotion; (b) the increasing acidity and viscosity of the mucoid secretions used; (c) the secretion of a byssus thread by the glands of the byssus duet; (d) changes in the form and composition of this byssus. At the termination of settlement, the entire contents of 2 types of gland are discharged. Their secretions give rise to the cement which permanently fixes the larva to the substratum. The 9 types of gland are utilised sequentially in a manner closely related to the 6 phases recognised in settlement behaviour.     

刍议医院资产管理的现状及其对策

医院的固定资产和流动资产是医院赖以生存和发展的基础,是一项非经营性国有资产．目前公立医院固定资产、流动资产管理现状不容乐观,针对这种状况,首先分析问题形成的原因,然后提出管理的措施或建议,从而使资产管理工作规范化、制度化、科学化,使有限的卫生资源发挥出最大的社会效益和经济效益．参3．     

豪猪消化系统的解剖研究

为了了解豪猪的消化生理,为豪猪的人工饲养技术研究提供基础依据,以达到高效饲养豪猪的目的,笔者对豪猪的消化器官进行了系统解剖研究.结果表明:豪猪的胃为单室胃.盲肠很发达,这与其能够消化植物纤维有关.豪猪肝脏很发达,其重量为402 g,是其体重的4.59%,肝脏分叶多而明显.     

Mining of the forest and the time path of the price of timber

The paper analyzes the effect of transportation (site specific) costs and the effect of mining (depletion) of the forest on the time path of the price and of the net price of timber in two forestry models. The models differ in that one has zero costs and the other has positive costs. The analyses yield the standard mining theory results for certain cases. They also yield extentions of these results for cases with growth of the harvested trees and/or regeneration on the harvested land. The paper concludes, as one would expect, that the theory of the mine is useful in analyzing the time path of the price of timber.     

Adjusting the economy to the new energy realities of the second half of the age of oil

Our research indicates that, due to the depletion of conventional, and hence cheap, crude oil supplies (i.e. peak oil), increasing the supply of oil in the future would require exploiting lower quality resources (i.e. expensive), and thus will most likely occur only at high prices. This situation creates a system of feedbacks where economic growth, which requires more oil, would require high oil prices that will undermine that economic growth. We conclude that the economic growth of the past 40 years is unlikely to continue unless there is some remarkable change in how we manage our economy.     

Splitting the tail of the displacement kernel shows the unimportance of kurtosis

Animals disperse in space through different movement behaviors, resulting in different displacement distances. This is often described with a displacement kernel where the long-distance dispersers are within the tail of the kernel. A displacement with a large proportion of long-distance dispersers may have impact on different aspects of spatial ecology such as invasion speed, population persistence, and distribution. It is, however, unclear whether the kurtosis of the kernel plays a major role since a fatter tail also influences the variance of the kernel. We modeled displacement in landscapes with different amounts and configurations of habitats and handled kurtosis and variance separately to study how these affected population distribution and transition time. We conclude that kurtosis is not important for any of these aspects of spatial ecology. The variance of the kernel, on the other hand, was of great importance to both population distribution and transition time. We argue that separating variance and kurtosis can cast new light on the way in which long-distance dispersers are important in ecological processes. Consequences for empirical studies are discussed.     

Stimulation of fat-body production in the polyps of the coralPocillopora damicornis by the presence of mutualistic crabs of the genusTrapezia

A mutualism exists between the xanthid crabs of the genusTrapezia and their host corals,Pocillopora damicornis. It has previously been established that these obligate coral residents benefit the coral hosts by defending them against echinoderm predators and by increasing the survival of polyps located deep between the coral branches. In turn, the corals apparently benefit the crabs by producing lipid-filled structures on which the trapezid crabs feed; these fat bodies may contain some of the lipid which in previous studies of coral metabolism has been termed excess. It was determined by experiments conducted at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology that the presence of crabs in colonies ofP. damicornis stimulates the polyps to produce the lipid-filled fat bodies; removal of crabs causes corals to cease producing fat bodies. A structure very similar to the fat bodies ofP. damicornis has been reported inAcropora durvillei. Both of these coral genera ordinarily possess xanthid-crab mutualists. This association between branching corals and crustaceans may have evolved because corals of these genera provide shelter among their branches and because these shallow-water corals are evidently capable of releasing lipid which is excess to the corals' metabolic needs, but which can be utilized by the crabs.     

三峡库区消落带土壤中铅污染调查

报道了三峡库区长江干流及小江支流消落带土壤中重金属铅含量背景值的调查结果。结果表明，目前土壤未被重金属铅污染。