首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生含硫气体的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在室内培养条件下,测定了水稻土中含硫气体的释放.结果表明,该土壤中有硫化氢(H2S),羰基硫(COS),二甲基硫(DMS)三种气体释放.当土壤中加入半胱氨酸后,COS和H2S气体的浓度有了明显增加,并有CS2和CH3SH测出,而DMS的浓度变化不大.这些结果表明半胱氨酸的分解可能是 COS,H2S,CS2和 CH3SH的产生源之一.在好氧(正常大气)条件下,H2S,COS,CS2和CH3SH的释放量低于厌氧(氮气氛围)条件下的释放量,DMS则高于厌氧条件下.这表明水稻土中半胱氨酸分解产生 H2S,COS,CS2和 CH3SH需较强的还原条件,产生这四种气体的微生物需要严格的厌氧条件.产生DMS的微生物则比前者需要高一些的含氧量.在光照条件下,各含硫气体的释放量普遍高于无光照条件下的释放量.释放含硫气体的大多数微生物适宜的含水率为50%且对土壤的pH值有一定要求.  相似文献   

2.
用一组多克隆抗体对马氏甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcinamazei)S-6菌株的基因组DNA文库进行了筛选.仅选出p60A克隆能对马氏甲烷八叠球菌中可发生细胞形态学变化菌株的抗血清发生阳性反应.对p60A克隆的双链DNA进行了序列分析.识别出一开式阅读框架(openreadingframeP,ORFP).表达的蛋白是ORFP编码的蛋白的3倍,并得到ORFP蛋白的三聚体,在SDS-PAGE中表现出整体蛋白的迁移行为.同时,此表达蛋白抗10%SDS,6mol/L尿素及热处理.基因结构分析表明,ORFP具有与M.barkrimcrA有同源性的核糖体结合位点和一个与甲烷细菌启动子共有序列相似度达77%的启动子序列.使用参照序列分析表明,由ORFP演绎的氨基酸序列,具有高密度的带电荷的氨基酸和占优势的β-层迭构型.对此表达蛋白作了Neurosroracrassa的porin蛋白抗血清试验,以研究其可能功能.检验了M.mazeiS-6细胞的蔗糖梯度制备物,对此原细胞中的ORFP蛋白作了定位.结果表明,ORFP蛋白可能是一种古细菌Porin,其在M.mazeiS-6中的表达,可能象大肠杆菌那样与渗透压调节有关.  相似文献   

3.
光合细菌促菠菜生长机理初探   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
对光合细菌( P S B) 菌液经稀释后喷施叶面可促进菠菜生长的机理进行了初步研究,发现施用 P S B 菌液后,可使菠菜叶中叶绿素含量增加10 .55 % ,使 C O2 的吸收率和光合强度分别提高61 .99 % 、13 .8 % ,使二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶( R U B P) 活力增强34 倍. P S B菌液还可改变地壤中微生物菌群的组成:细菌、固氮菌、放线菌数量增多,真菌量减少.提示:光合细菌是通过提高菠菜自身的光合效率及增加土壤肥力来起到促生长作用的.  相似文献   

4.
汞胁迫对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
庞欣  王东红  彭安 《环境化学》2001,20(4):351-355
通过营养液培养实验,研究了小麦幼苗在遭受汞胁迫后,地上部及根系抗氧化酶活性的变化.试验表明:小麦幼苗受到汞胁迫后,地上部及根系的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性均显著增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT) 的活性也比对照有所增强,但不如SOD酶变化迅速,表明SOD酶活性是小麦幼苗遭受汞胁迫时比较敏感的生物标记物.但是,小麦幼苗地上部及根系的丙二醛(MDA) 含量仍均比对照显著升高,表明小麦幼苗的膜系统受到了一定程度的破坏.试验同时还反映出,汞胁迫对小麦幼苗根系的影响强于对地上部的影响.  相似文献   

5.
一种由质粒编码的葡萄球菌素的特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从58株具不同质粒谱的抗生素抗药性金黄色葡萄球菌中经筛选得菌株85041.它所产生的抗菌活性物质能抗热75~80℃1h;对蛋白分解酶敏感,包括胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶E、蛋白酶B.P,抗DNase及RNase;抗菌谱显示,在4株葡萄球菌类中只对金黄色葡萄球菌209P有抗菌活性,而对4株肠道菌及枯草芽胞杆菌无作用.据此认为,该抗菌物质属细菌素(葡萄球菌素).用SDS及43℃处理产细菌素菌株,进行质粒消除试验及其质粒DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳,证明菌株85041有一个Mr≈24.4×106的产细菌素质检.  相似文献   

6.
光合细菌光合产氢机理研究进展[综述]   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
70年代以来,随着全球性的能源危机和温室效应的加剧,无污染、可再生的氢能的研究开发日受重视.物制氢技术是氢能开发研究的一项重要内容.至今已知的具产氢活性的微生物有“光合细菌”(photosyntheticbacteria,PSB)、藻类(algae)和非光合细菌(nonphotosyntheticbacteria)[1].由于PSB光合产氢的速度要比藻类快,能量利用率比非光合细菌高,且能将产氢与光能利用、有机物的去除有机地耦合在一起,因而得到了众多研究者的关注.本文就PSB的产氢的机理及影响产…  相似文献   

7.
蜂窝陶瓷表面预处理对催化剂性能的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
应用溶胶-凝胶技术对蜂窝陶瓷载体进行涂层,以CO氧化作反应模型,考察了浸渍次数、分散剂及La,Ce,Zr,Y,Co等组分对催化剂活性的影响,同时考察了La2O3对催化剂耐热性能的影响.实验表明:两次浸渍的催化剂活性较高,浸渍原液中加入分散剂提高了催化剂对CO的氧化活性,使最低完全转化温度降低了13℃左右.在La,Ce,Zr,Y,Co等组分中,Ce是最有效的活性助剂,当CeO2含量占Al2O3涂层的18%时,催化剂的活性最好.而La和Zr的加入对催化剂活性无明显作用,Y和CO的加入则降低了催化剂的活性.在700℃下7h的热老化实验表明:La2O3的加入对催化剂热稳定性无明显影响,但是,1050℃温度下24h热老化后的活性评价表明:La2O3的加入对催化剂热稳定性作用显著,与未加La2O3的催化剂相比,最低完全转化温度降低了15℃左右.  相似文献   

8.
土壤中水溶性有机碳与铜的相互影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
通过向土壤溶液中加入Cu2+和可溶性有机碳(DOC),研究它们之间的相互作用.结果发现,加入铜可以显著改变土壤水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的吸着平衡,并降低了其水溶性.影响程度在0.8mmol·l-1Cu以下随铜浓度的增加而增加.加入0.5mmol·l-1铜的土壤中 WSOS含量从 0.27mg C·g-1降至0.047mg C·g-1,吸着系数从6.6×10-3l·g-1降至3.3×10-3l·g-1.另一方面,用Freundlich方程描述铜离子在土壤中的吸附行为(液相浓度单位取mmol·l-1,固相浓度取mmol·g-1土),k=9.l×10-3;n=3.40. 加入DOC后,k=9.2×10-3;n=3.66,没有明显改变土壤对铜的吸附性能.加入小同浓度的DOC,结果仍说明该浓度范围内DOC(<8mg C·l-1)的加入没有明显改变土壤对铜的吸附性能.  相似文献   

9.
本文报道麦病治的毒理研究结果。急性毒性试验表明,麦病治为低毒物质,蓄积毒性试验K>5,为弱蓄积性。体外致突变试验结果表明,麦病治无致基因突变作用。体内细胞水平试验未见到有致骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率升高的作用。生殖系统致突变试验表明,麦病治不会导致生殖细胞的染色体损伤,对SD系大鼠的生殖能力及胎鼠的生长发育均未见不良影响,对胎鼠外观、骨骼内脏无致畸作用。  相似文献   

10.
在室温下培养土样并采用梯度稀释涂布的方法研究了不同质量分数的呋喃丹对砖红壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌3大主要土壤微生物种群数量变化的影响。结果表明,细菌、真菌和放线菌种群对呋喃丹的反应随其施加质量分数的不同而有所差别。培养初期,5mg·kg-1呋喃丹处理土壤的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量相对最少。而在整个培养周期内随着培养时间的增加,各处理细菌和放线菌数量均能恢复并接近对照水平,但真菌的生长一直受到抑制且呋喃丹质量分数越大其受抑制程度也越大,表明呋喃丹对细菌和放线菌无明显的影响,而抑制真菌的趋势明显。因此,真菌可以被作为海南砖红壤受呋喃丹污染的敏感指示菌。  相似文献   

11.
This study focuses on the degradation of the sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfathiazole, using ultraviolet irradiation in various conditions. Different pHs were investigated in combination with the addition of hydrogen peroxide and further oxygen removal. High-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry was used to identify and elucidate degradation products and to establish concentration–time curves. Previously unknown degradation products could be characterized. Reaction rate constants of all compounds and transformation products were determined. The parent sulfonamides decayed according to first-order kinetics, while the concentrations of the transformation products varied with time according to a subsequent reaction of an intermediate product. Quantum efficiencies were analyzed for mechanistic purposes. As example, sulfamethoxazole was added to effluents from a wastewater treatment plant and irradiated. Phototoxicity and environmental hazard were assessed through quantitative structure-activity relationship computations. In addition, the minimal inhibition concentrations were determined for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. Conclusions for UV-C irradiation as a fourth purification wastewater treatment stage were derived.  相似文献   

12.
The spectral characteristics of single identified epipelagic sources of bioluminescence from the western Sargasso Sea were measured with an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) system during the April, 1985, Biowatt cruise. The emission spectra of specimens representing 45 species from 8 phyla were measured. Peak bioluminescence emissions typically occurred between 440 and 500 nm, in the blue region of the visible spectrum. Three exceptions involved emission in the green, yellow, and red spectral regions. Intraspectific variability in spectra, was noted in several species. One shrimp species exhibited two modes of light emission, each with different emission spectra. Other cases involved dynamic color shifts of 10 to 14 nm; the source of the spectral variability is unknown, but may involve optical filtering or differences in the color of luminescence from multiple sites of light emission. Measurements from independent samples of unsorted plankton revealed different spectral distributions. This suggests that the spectral emissions of bioluminescence in the upper water column will vary, based on species assemblage.  相似文献   

13.
Coelenterazine biosynthesis has recently been demonstrated in the developing eggs of the decapod Systellaspis debilis. The cellular source of coelenterazine and the potential for biosynthesis in adult decapods, however, have not been fully investigated. We have conducted a systematic study of coelenterazine content in >230 individual decapods representing 19 species of Oplophoridae and 22 species from other families. We show for the first time that coelenterazine is responsible for both secretory and photophore luminescence in the same decapod. Tissues associated with secretory luminescence (hepatopancreas and stomach) in the Oplophoridae contained almost 3 orders of magnitude more coelenterazine (mean value=2154 pmol per specimen) than cuticular photophores (mean value=8 pmol per specimen). Coelenterazine content increases by 2 to 4 orders of magnitude during the development of three species of Oplophoridae. Species of Oplophoridae contain an order of magnitude more coelenterazine than those of other families (mean value=154 pmol per specimen). Coelenterazine was also detected in 11 apparently nonluminous decapod species (mean value=200 pmol per specimen). S. debilis luciferase characterisation enabled a luciferase assay to be developed to facilitate studies of the environmental control of bioluminescence. We hypothesise that the coelenterazine requirement in secretory bioluminescence exceeds that which could be assimilated from the food-chain. The significant increase of coelenterazine during the life cycle of secretory decapods supports this hypothesis. Putative evidence for environmental control of coelenterazine luminescence is also reported.  相似文献   

14.
新农药氯虫酰胺在醇液中的光解   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分别以氙灯和紫外灯为光源,对氯虫酰胺在甲醇和乙醇中的光解动力学及降解机理进行了研究。结果表明,在氙灯和紫外照射下,氯虫酰胺在甲醇和乙醇中的光解符合一级反应动力学规律。在模拟太阳光氙灯辐射下,氯虫酰胺在甲醇和乙醇中的光解半衰期分别为1.58h和2.57h,而紫外光辐射下分别为1.49min和1.60min。采用LC-MS对氯虫酰胺光解产物进行分离和鉴定,推断氯虫酰胺在醇中的光解途径主要涉及到分子环合和重排生成光解产物A[2-(2-溴-4H-吡唑并[1,5.d]吡啶并[3,2-b]B,4]恶嗪-4-基亚氨基)-5-氯-N,3-二甲基苯甲酰胺]和B[2-(3-溴-1-(3-羟基吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基)-6-氯-3,8-二甲基喹啉-4(3H)-酮1。  相似文献   

15.
Several tissues (e.g. kidney, blood, digestive gland) in oceanic cephalopods which do not exhibit in vivo bioluminescence, luminesce when homogenized in the presence of air or when simply exposed to air in a vial (blood). The source of the luminescence appears to be a luciferin: treatment of kidney homogenates and blood with a photophore extract presumably containing luciferase resulted in a 20-fold increase in light production. Luminescence was also found in the renal fluid, which may be the source of luminescent clouds produced by squids. The variability in luminescence found in some tissues of cephalopods appeared to be related to feeding. Luminescence was also detected in the digestive glands of midwater octopods.  相似文献   

16.
The mutualism between the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and the luminescent symbiont Vibrio fischeri has been used extensively as a model system for studies ranging from co-speciation and biogeography to gene regulation and the evolution of pathogenesis. In this association, the luminescent bacterium V. fischeri is housed in a complex light organ within the mantle cavity of E. scolopes. Prior hypotheses have assumed that sepiolid squids in general utilize the bioluminescence produced by their V. fischeri symbionts for counterillumination, a behavior that helps squid camouflage themselves by matching down-welling moonlight via silhouette reduction. This assumption, based solely on the morphology of the squid light organ, has never been empirically tested for Euprymna in the laboratory. Here, we present data demonstrating that E. scolopes can modify the intensity of light produced by V. fischeri in the light organ as down-welling light intensity changes. Bacterial bioluminescence from the light organ is directly correlated with down-welling light intensity, suggesting that E. scolopes individuals utilize and control V. fischeri luminescence for counterillumination.Communicated by P.W. Sammarco, Chauvin  相似文献   

17.
The bioluminescent fish Porichthys notatus (plainfin midshipman), has a discontinuous distribution along the Pacific coast of North America. The fish is present from Cape Mendocino southward to Baja California, Mexico, absent off the coast of Oregon, USA, and abundant, northward, in Puget Sound, Washington. Interestingly, the population in Puget Sound lacks the substrate (luciferin) necessary for the luminescence reaction and, despite possessing an otherwise fully functional photophore system, is nonluminescent. The California population of P. notatus is uniformly luminescent south of Monterey Bay, but 15% of the speciments tested from San Francisco Bay and the Gulf of the Farallons have been reported to be nonluminescent. Explanations for nonluminescent midshipman in both Puget Sound and the San Francisco Bay area have focussed on a dietary requirement for luciferin. To gain further insight into reasons for nonluminescence in the San Francisco Bay region, the distribution of bioluminescence in P. notatus was studied from Monterey Bay to Cape Mendocino during 1985. A complex pattern of bioluminescence was found, in which nonluminescent individuals reflected neither a local anomaly in the San Francisco Bay region nor a simple gradient of decreasing luminescence towards the northern end of the range of the California population. Instead, a distinct size-dependent component in luminescence capability of the fish was observed. Aspects of the life history of P. notatus and related factors which might influence the bioluminescence characteristics of this population are discussed.Please address all correspondence to Dr. F.I. Tsuji at the Osaka Bioscience Institute  相似文献   

18.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ultraviolet A (UV-A) irradiation-induced damage on cultured macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and determine which components produced these manifestations. RAW 264.7 cells were irradiated with 365 nm UV-A using a light-emitting diode (LED). Cell viability and damage were determined using a calcein-AM and propidium iodide dual-staining assay and lactate dehydrogenase leakage, respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by H2DCF-DA. The components of ROS in each medium were measured using an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer in the presence of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamide (TPC). While UV-A irradiation for 2 min significantly suppressed cell growth, LDH leakage did not occur. Addition of N-acetyl cysteine restored inhibition of cell proliferation, and reduced intracellular ROS levels. The EPR signal in the presence of TPC increased with time but was decreased by sodium azide. In addition, a typical EPR spectrum was obtained in the presence of DMPO, indicating the presence of a hydroxyradical. The spectrum was diminished by L-histidine. Data suggest that ROS generated in cells or culture medium by UV-A irradiation is predominantly singlet oxygen, and this singlet oxygen suppressed cell proliferation.  相似文献   

19.
The increasing amount of UV-B radiation (280 to 320 nm) reaching the earth's surface could endanger transparent fish and zooplankton in upper water layers. Previous studies on marine fish eggs and larvae focused mainly on the effects of high, lethal doses of ultraviolet irradiation. Now a sensitive test for accumulated, sublethal impairments of physiological performance has been established. In developing fish larvae (Pleuronectes platessa L.), the respiratory control responses to hypoxia were evaluated by combining a biocybernetical approach and a novel optical test system. Before testing respiratory control behavior, the larvae were irradiated with light containing UV-B (test individuals) or free from it (control individuals). Differences in the physiological reactions of these larvae were detected by biocybernetical analysis (linear systems analysis) of respiratory control. The analysis was based on the evaluation of changes in ventilatory rate caused by sinusoidally modulated partial pressures of ambient oxygen. The ventilatory movements of the larvae were recorded, analyzed and evaluated by video microscopy and digital image processing. After several days of irradiation with moderate UV-B doses or intensities (8.6 kJ m−2 d−1, corresponding to an irradiance of 0.24 W m−2 for 10 h), sublethal impairments of respiratory control could be detected in plaice larvae by this method; both the linearity of respiratory control itself and the parameters of linear control behavior were affected by UV-B. Concerning environmental implications, the results must still be interpreted cautiously, because natural irradiation conditions are more complex than the artificial regimen. Our biocybernetical approach will be useful for further studies on sublethal impairments of physiological functions caused by UV-B in fish and other transparent marine or limnic animal groups. In addition, the method could be used to test the sublethal impact of chemical contaminants. Received: 4 November 1997 / Accepted: 6 May 1998  相似文献   

20.
水热法制备N掺杂纳米TiO2及其光催化活性研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
以钛酸四丁酯和氨水为前驱物,采用水热法制备N掺杂TiO2纳米微粒,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等技术对不同条件下制备的产物进行了表征.探讨了不同体积比的前驱物、水热温度、水热时间及煅烧温度对水热产物的影响;考察了N掺杂催化剂在紫外线和可见光下光催化降解甲基橙和苯酚的催化性能.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号