环境空气质量评价的普适指数公式及其应用

在适当设定空气污染物的“基准”值和用相对于“基准”值的空气污染物的：“相对”值情况下，采用S型曲线表示空气污染物对环境空气质量的危害程序，并应用遗传算法优化公式中的参数，得出了一个对多种空气污染物通用的环境空气质量评价的普数指数公式，借助于折衷激励功效函数将单项污染物分指数加权为综合指数，该公式形式简单，容易计算，评价结果精度较高，且具有可比性。     

农业可持续发展状态评价指标（体系）框架及其分析

通过对农业活动、农业政策与农业环境变化关系的研究，提出了反映农业可持续发展状态的指标结构以及面向农业决策的状态指标分析框架，建议采用“离差法”来评价农业系统的可持续发展状态，其评价结果可以用来判断和制定正确的农业政策；同时还论述了状态评价的具体方法，步骤及评价标准。     

基于免疫禁忌优化算法的生态环境评价指数公式及其应用

通过模拟流域生态环境自然发展的演化过程,结合巢湖流域的具体情况,提出了适用于多个指标的巢湖流域生态环境评价指数公式。通过设定公式中生态环境指标“参照”值,采用免疫禁忌搜索算法对公式中的待定参数进行优化,使生态环境评价指数公式形式简单、方便实用,并具有一定的普适性。生态环境质量评价结果表明,合肥市和巢湖流域整体生态环境质量为Ⅲ级(及格),而巢湖市和六安市生态环境质量较差。     

基于蛙跳算法优化的生态环境质量评价的韦伯-费希纳指数公式

为了建立简便、实用的生态环境质量评价模型,在构建生态环境评价指标体系的基础上,设定各指标的参照值和规范变换式,使规范变换后的不同指标同级标准的规范值差异不大。进而提出了一个对多项指标的规范值都适用的生态环境质量评价的韦伯-费希纳(W-F)指数公式。采用混合蛙跳算法对公式的参数进行优化,得出优化后对多项指标皆适用的生态环境质量评价的W-F指数公式。运用该公式对巢湖流域的生态环境质量进行评价,其结果与该流域生态环境质量实际情况基本相符,表明模型有一定的实用性。     

农业可持续发展状态评价指标(体系)框架及其分析

通过对农业活动、农业政策与农业环境变化关系的研究,提出了反映农业可持续发展状态的指标结构以及面向农业决策的状态指标分析框架,建议采用“离差法”来评价农业系统的可持续发展状态,其评价结果可以用来判断和制定正确的农业政策;同时还论述了状态评价的具体方法、步骤及评价标准     

基于属性识别理论的城市生态安全评价——以广州市为例

城市生态安全评价可以使管理者和公众及时了解城市发展中生态环境压力的严重态势,为城市可持续发展战略的制定和生态系统的管理提供依据和指导。文章构建了由活力、组织结构、恢复力、生态系统服务功能和人类健康状况5个要素构成的城市生态安全评价指标体系。在有序分割类和属性识别准则的基础上,建立了城市生态安全评价的属性识别模型。采用层次分析法（AHP）和熵权法赋予指标权重,充分利用了主观和客观评价方法的优势。根据此模型对广州市1991—2007年间的生态安全状况进行了实证分析。结果表明城市生态安全状况呈现出,从＂较不安全级＂上升到＂临界安全＂级。在5个评价要素中,除人群健康状况外,其他4个评价要素呈现出逐年改善的趋势。属性识别理论能对事物进行有效识别和比较分析,且原理直观、计算简便、评价结果准确,在评价、预测、决策等领域中具有广泛的适用性。     

环长株潭城市生态系统健康评价

城市生态系统健康是区域可持续发展的基础.本文以环长株潭城市群作为研究对象,根据压力—状态—响应(PSR)模型,选取25个指标构建城市群城市生态系统健康评价指标体系,采用熵值法确定指标权重,以模糊综合评价法建立评价模型,对环长株潭城市生态系统健康进行评价.结果表明:总体来看,环长株潭城市生态系统健康水平处于"较健康"状态(0.236 2),处于一个良性发展阶段;城市群内部健康水平存在较大差异,不同地区的城市生态系统健康状况不同.长沙市和株洲市的隶属度为"健康",湘潭市和益阳市属于"较健康"状态,岳阳市和常德市属于"临界状态",衡阳市属于"不健康"状态,娄底市的隶属度为"病态".未来,环长株潭城市群要加强城市生态服务功能建设,缩小城市群内部差距,提升城市生态系统健康水平.     

煤炭资源型城市生态脆弱性研究进展

随着煤炭资源的大量开采,煤炭资源型城市发展面临严重生态环境问题,其生态脆弱性研究为城市可持续发展、生态文明建设和区域协调发展提供了新思路。当前,煤炭资源型城市生态脆弱性是生态脆弱性历史遗留问题与城市自然状况、社会活动和经济发展扰动共同作用的结果。通过对煤炭资源型城市生态脆弱性内涵、评价方法、规避措施等方面研究的综述,分析了煤炭资源型城市生态脆弱性研究领域的发展状况和评价方法以及不同视角下规避措施的差异,对生态脆弱性内涵不确定性、评价指标复杂性和研究方法适用性等问题进行探讨。总体认为,煤炭资源型城市生态脆弱性是城市自身结构具有的固有属性,是一个对比性概念;选取评价指标和方法时应注重城市发展等相关指标及生态脆弱程度的测算。未来研究应重点关注煤炭资源型城市生态脆弱性内涵界定、评价指标和方法的完善以及研究时空范围的扩展等方向。     

安徽省岳西县生态示范区评价指标体系和可持续发展度研究

经实地考察、典型调查和分析研究，构建了可持续发展为目标的岳西县生态示范区评价体系，由４个层次１８项指标组成。采用加权求和计量模型计算了岳西县规划基准年、近期和远景目标年的可持续发展度值。     

城市景观生态分类——以深圳市为例

从我国传统城市景观分类出发，在分析城市景观生态特征的基础上，指出理想的城市景观生态分类应当从人地关系出发，充分反映景观中的人类活动方式、人类活动对景观的“干扰”程度以及景观的抗“干扰”能力，并以此为依据，在理论和实践(以深圳为例)上提出了新的分类办法。     

Strategic planning for sustainable tourism development in Poland

The aim of this article is to evaluate selected tourism development strategies in Poland, in the context of strategic planning, stakeholders’ participation, and sustainable development principles. A questionnaire evaluation of strategy (44 questions) was established and based on measurement scales developed and validated by other authors in earlier studies. The five authors of the study rated 37 tourism development strategies in 13 provinces, 11 cities, 5 counties, 6 municipalities, and 2 other areas. Analysis revealed that they implement paradigms of sustainable development of tourism to only a small extent. Definitely higher quality is documented for higher levels of administrative division. The highest rated domains of the tourism development strategy in the examined documents are Strategic Planning Indicators and Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation.     

Sustainable development and systems thinking: A case study of a heritage city

The concept of sustainable cities is based on a development paradigm that recognizes that cities make an important contribution to social and economic development. System thinking, including hard and soft systems, can be used to provide a new perspective and tools to resolve questions. The 500-year-old heritage city of Udaipur in India, which has traditionally maintained the spirit of living in a sustainable manner, is now seeking sustainable development. This paper attempts to analyse the issues underlying sustainable development of Udaipur by applying CATWOE in order to comprehend the systemic elements of the city from a soft systems perspective.     

Assessing sustainable development in urban areas using cognitive mapping and MCDA

As interest in sustainability-related issues has increased over recent years, so too has urban sustainability risen to the fore, in academic, practitioner, and policymaking circles alike. Urban sustainability requires a balance between environmental concerns, the economy, and social development in urban areas. However, over the years, there has been an exponential increase in urban density, accompanied by increased economic activity and high levels of consumption, which have hindered urban planning and made the sustainable management of urban areas more difficult. It has therefore become increasingly necessary to combine the interests of the various stakeholders involved in – or affected by – urban planning measures, in order to achieve a balance between their needs, those of the environment and future generations, and the need for economic development. Sustainability evaluation models can in this sense be considered a baseline condition for sustainable development. However, most existing evaluation systems present limitations in terms of criteria identification and the calculation of the respective trade-offs. To address these issues, the current study aims to combine cognitive mapping and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize the determinants of sustainable development in urban areas. The advantages and limitations of our proposal are also analyzed.     

城市生态可持续发展指标的进展

建设生态城市是一种国际趋势,也在中国受到关注。为了监测评估城市的生态可持续发展,要有一套科学的指标体系。文章讨论了生态城市的特点;评述了国外的3类指标体系和国内采用世界银行“真实储蓄率”指标在城市一应用研究,提出了建立这类指标的一些原则与方法。     

Urban design for sustainability: A study on the Turkish city

In line with sustainable development principles, the reactions to modern architecture and planning have led to a new appreciation of traditional cities and urban environments.

Considering the extensive neglect and devastation of local values in our cities and towns, urban development practice in Turkey cannot be said to meet the requirements of sustainability. This paper, therefore, will explore the logic of sustainable development and focus on the components of good urban design which are needed to produce it. Since promoting sustainable lifestyles in our towns and cities depends mainly on the design of the physical environment, the paper will propose a set of key design principles that can deliver sustainable urban development through exploring the qualities of ‘traditional urbanism’ in the Turkish cities as well as examining the latest approaches to urban design.     

关于城市气候资源研究

亚热带城市气候资源具有可持续发展意义,本文分析了热带亚热带地区城市气候资源水平,论述了运用城市气候资源消除城市热岛的研究基础。     

Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands

•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development. •Water resource conservation drives industrial transformation. •Synergy between economic development and environmental protection is achieved. •Regional collaboration over water could promote sustainable development in drylands. Water resource availability is the major limiting factor for sustainable development in drylands. Climate change intensifies the conflicting water demands between people and the environment and highlights the importance of effective water resource management for achieving a balance between economic development and environmental protection. In 2008, Inner Mongolia, typical dryland in northern China, proposed strict regulations on water exploitation and utilization aimed at achieving sustainable development. Our study is the first to investigate the effectiveness and performance of these long-standing water conservation regulations. Our analyses found that the regulations drove industrial transformation, evidenced by the decreasing proportion of environmentally harmful industries such as coal and steel, and the increasing proportion of tertiary industries (especially tourism). Following industrial transformation, economic development decoupled from industrial water consumption and subsequently led to reduced negative environmental impacts. Based on these results, adaptive strategies were developed for 12 cities by revealing and integrating their development pathways and relative status in achieving sustainable development. Integration and cooperation between cities were proposed, e.g., a water trade agreement between eastern Inner Mongolia (an economically underdeveloped region with relatively abundant water resources) and central Inner Mongolia (an economically developed region with high water stress). Such an agreement may enable the holistic achievement of sustainable development across regions. By integrating the findings of our research, our study presents a reproducible framework for water-management-based sustainable development strategies in drylands.     

生态伦理:可持续发展的伦理基础

可持续发展是始源于人类所面面临的生态危机、以人与自然关系的协调发展为基本内容的一种生态化发展模式,它所面对和需要处理的是人类发展需求无限性与自然资源有限性这一矛盾,即人类对自然的价值取向、开发强度是否符合自然规律的问题.目前学界对它的研究已突破"经济-科技-政治"等实践层面,开始深入到"观念-价值-文化"等认识论、价值论领域.生态伦理是对人与自然关系的哲学反思中应运而生的一种革命性的伦理思想,本质上属于人类社会的"观念-价值-文化"领域,其理论构成、研究对象正契合人类的可持续发展.生态伦理作为可持续发展伦理基础是可持续发展的客观要求和必然选择:①生态伦理突破传统的道德定义,将伦理关怀的对象扩展到人与自然界关系的领域,为可持续发展奠定了坚实的思想基础,提供可靠的伦理前提;②生态伦理肯定自然价值和自然权利,直接回应了在可持续发展中人为何要尊重自然价值与权利这一理论课题,为人类对大自然的价值认同寻到理论根基,使可持续发展寻找到坚实的价值支点;③生态伦理在反思和批判传统道德评价标准的基础上,提出全新的道德评价标准,为现实的可持续发展战略的设计与安排提供伦理支持和辩护.     

珠港澳可持续发展协调度评估

可持续发展协调度是一个综合的概念,文章中主要从资源利用效率、社会环境协调系数、经济环境协调系数和环境治理能力4个方面构置了可持续发展协调度的指标体系,就我国香港、澳门和珠江三角洲9个地级市(广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、东莞、惠州、江门、肇庆和中山)的可持续发展协调度进行评价和对比分析,得出中山和珠海可持续发展协调度最高,肇庆、佛山、江门、惠州、广州、深圳、我国香港的可持续发展协调度较高,我国澳门的可持续发展协调度次之,最不协调的城市是东莞。最后,对东莞和我国澳门存在的问题进行了分析和探讨。