催化氧化法预处理苯胺类废水

用Fenton试剂催化氧化法预处理染化厂含苯胺类物质的废水。对影响废水中苯胺类物质去除率的各种因素进行了考察，结果表明，在常温下当废水中苯胺类物质的含量为800mg/L时，在pH为3．5、H2O2和Fe^2 用量分别为28mmol/L和2.8mmol/L的条件下，苯胺类物质的去除率可达98.0%，COD去除率达到76％，废水的BOD5／BODcr值由0提高到0.32，显著地提高了废水的可生化性。     

H2O2-Fe^2＋氧化法处理重油裂解制气废水

利用H2O2-Fe^2 氧化法处理经过生化系统处理过的重油裂解制气废水，对各种影响H2O2-Fe^2 氧化法对废水COD去除的因素进行了研究，结果显示其合适的处理条件是：废水的COD浓度为197．20～334．7lmg／L、27.5％过氧化氢加量为0．75mL／L、反应初始pH值为5．0、反应时间3h、Fe^2 加量为25mg／L、30℃反应温度。经过处理后，其COD值低于150mg／L，达到国家Ⅱ级排放标准，效果良好。     

COD与DO对好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化反硝化脱氮的影响

COD和DO浓度对好氧颗粒污泥的同步硝化反硝化反应有明显影响．COD浓度在400～1200mg／L范围内，好氧颗粒污泥去除COD的能力均在85％以上．颗粒污泥能吸附有机物，使废水中COD浓度快速下降．COD浓度小于800mg／L，好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的脱氮能力，氮去除率最高达85．3％．在溶氧浓度为1-4mg／L条件下，颗粒污泥对COD去除率均在90％以上．不同的溶氧浓度对氮的去除率有一定影响，在溶氧浓度3mg／L时，氮去除率最高，达83％．图7参7     

絮凝-光催化处理实际染料废水的研究

采用絮凝-光催化氧化工艺成功地处理了实际染料废水;研究了COD光催化降解动力学。COD和BOD5浓度分别为2169mg／L、295mg／L的染料废水,经絮凝-光催化处理后,出水COD和BOD5分别为214mg／L、18．5mg／L,去除率分别为90．1％、93．7％。向光催化体系中加入H2O2,可促进COD与BOD5的去除。该工艺可处理高浓度染料废水。     

催化湿式氧化法处理对硝基酚钠废水的试验

以Mn-Ce-Zr-Cu复合型氧化物作为多相催化剂，采用催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度对硝基酚钠废水，考察了各种反应条件对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明：在温度220℃、压力2．5MPa、反应时间60min、催化剂加入量3g／L的条件下，COD去除率可达63．7％。经处理后的废水，BOD5／COD的比值由原来的0．016提高到0．33，从而为后续的生物降解创造了良好条件。     

青霉菌对活性艳蓝 KN-R的吸附作用

研究了青霉菌(Penicillium X5)对活性艳蓝KN—R的吸附作用．通过对培养液的波谱分析和宏观现象的观察，结果表明，在72h内，脱色是由吸附引起的．当染料的浓度为100mg/L时，活菌体对染料的吸附率可达88．66％．本实验还研究了对实际应用和吸附过程有影响的几个因素，包括葡萄糖、NaCl、温度和pH.结果表明：葡萄糖浓度在0-20g／L时，随着葡萄糖浓度的增加，菌体的干重相应增加，说明对活性艳蓝KN—R的吸附具有促进作用，但浓度在10-20g／L时，吸附作用不显著；而随着NaCl浓度(0-2％)的增加，吸附率却显著降低．最佳脱色温度为25℃，pH为4．0．活菌体与死菌体的生物吸附均符合Langmuir方程，活菌体比死菌体具有更好的吸附性能．吸附在菌丝体上的染料可以用甲酵进行洗脱，菌丝球在下次使用前用蒸馏水冲洗至pH中性，此菌丝球可重复使用3次．固8表2参11     

挂膜生长的白腐真菌处理草浆造纸黑液废水

比较了几株白腐真菌在造纸黑液废水中的挂膜生长状况及其对黑液废水的处理效果．结果表明，在pH6．0的废水中添加葡萄糖1．0g／L，酒石酸铵0．2g／L及适量无机盐时，黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)和侧耳菌(Pleurotus ostieatus)以及本实验室自选的白腐真菌S22的挂膜状况和对黑液废水的处理效果最好．废水中添加的葡萄糖和酒石酸铵的浓度分别为1．0g／L和0．2g／L时，侧耳菌的挂膜和对黑液废水的处理效果最佳．S22菌在pH10．0时其木质素降解率和COD去除率最高，分别可达84％和69％．黄孢原毛平革菌、侧耳菌和S22菌能够在碱性较强的废水中生长挂膜并显著降解木质素，表现出对废水很强的适应能力．生物膜对黑液废水的半连续化处理结果表明了生物膜法的优越性．图8表1参14     

改进折流式生物反应器净化洗浴废水

利用改进折流式生物反应器，研究了好氧渐变厌氧交替工艺对洗浴废水中氮、磷和有机污染物的去除效果。结果表明：洗浴废水中COD和BOD值分别从98.0-190.6mg/L和68.3-81.7mg/L下降到6-10mg/L和1-2mg/L，含氮化合物和含磷化合物的浓度则分别从13．5—25．2mg/L和9．9—13．5mg／L下降到1mg/L和0．5mg／L。在运行过程中，不需要添加甲醇，利用洗浴废水自身的有机物就能达到很好的脱氮、除磷和降解COD与BOD的效果，而且该工艺的动力消耗仅为传统活性污泥法的三分之一。     

硫杆菌的分离鉴定及其对煤矿废弃物的氧化脱硫特性

从宁夏大武口高硫煤矸石山的酸性废水中分离得到一株自养硫氧化细菌CMTF-32．该菌极端耐酸，能氧化低价态硫化物，氧化单质硫的能力强，在d11时单质硫的氧化率达到65．6％，日产硫酸能力最高时能达3．0g／L．培养基pH值在培养过程中明显下降．16S rDNA序列分析表明，该菌株与Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans相似性为99％，结合形态、生理生化实验结果，确定菌株CMTF-32为嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌．煤矸石的脱硫实验表明，在煤矸石粒径小于2mm，初始pH为1．5，30℃培养条件下脱硫效果最佳，d14时脱硫量为2．72g／L，脱硫率可达到84．5％，使煤矸石的硫污染得到了有效的控制．图5表1参13     

缺氧—SBR工艺处理焦化废水

对焦化废水进行曝气吹脱，10h氨氮去除率达73．7％，用缺氧－SBR工艺处理焦化废水，进水浓度为COD1474mg/L,NH3-N826.8mg/L时，缺氧SRT10h,SBR曝气10h，沉降2h，出水COD186mg/L,NH3-N290.5mg/L,去除率分别达到87．83％，64．9％。     

A kinetic study of Mn(II) precipitation of leached aqueous solution from electrolytic manganese residues

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a type of solid waste discharged from the process that converts solid manganese carbonate of rhodochrosite into soluble Mn(II) and generates anode mud under electrolysis. The experimental material was a filtrate created by using distilled water as a dispersal agent for the EMR, followed by simple filtration. A calculated amount of sodium carbonate was added to recover the soluble Mn(II) via precipitation into manganese carbonate. Data showed that Mn concentration may be markedly decreased from 2069 to 36 mg/L, thereby reaching a recovery rate as high as 98%. Analysis demonstrated that precipitation of Mn(II) from a leached aqueous solution followed first-order kinetics. The findings indicate that the reaction rate constant decreased as temperature gradually rose and that its apparent activation energy E_a was ?10.48 kJ/mol.     

腐殖质对二氧化锰引起的五氯酚转化反应的影响

研究了在二氧化锰催化引起的五氯酚的转化反应中,腐殖质前身化合物的加入对五氯酚去除率的影响,并以p-coumaricacid为代表研究了体系pH值、反应时间、二氧化锰的质量浓度以及腐殖质前生物的浓度和分子结构对去除率的影响。结果表明,反应的最佳pH值范围是4～4.70,去除率在80%左右。五氯酚在24h内去除速率较快,去除率达到75%左右;反应到168h,去除速率趋于0,去除率达到80%左右。相同条件下,无p-coumaricacid的对照体系中,对应的反应时间内去除率仅分别为20%和25%左右。五氯酚的去除率还随二氧化锰质量浓度和p-coumaricacid浓度的增加而增大。当二氧化锰的质量浓度由0增加到100g·L-1时,去除率由0增大为95%;而当p-coumaricacid的浓度由0增加到1mmol·L-1时,去除率由25%增大到100%左右。此外,不同腐殖质前身物的分子结构和浓度对去除率分别起到了提高、不明显改变和降低的作用。     

6种矿质元素对青菜中硝酸盐含量的影响

通过盆栽试验 ,研究了B、K、Mn、Mg、Zn、Co对青菜中硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明 :增施硼酸钠后第 2 0天 ,青菜硝酸盐含量比对照降低 1 4 84%～ 1 9 56 % ;增施K、Mn、Mg、Zn、Co也能降低青菜硝酸盐含量。每盆增施0 1gZnSO4 后第 1 0天 ,青菜中硝酸盐含量比对照减少 1 8 96 % ,每盆增施 0 1gK2 SO4 后第 2 0天 ,青菜中硝酸盐含量比对照减少 2 1 42 % ;矿质元素的施用量对青菜硝酸盐含量影响较大。     

Investigation of As, Mn and Fe fixation inside the aquifer during groundwater exploitation in the experimental system imitated natural conditions

Water-dissolved oxygen was supplied into anaerobic aquifer , which oxidized Fe(II), Mn(II) and trivalent arsenic and changed them into undissolved solid matter through hydrolysis, precipitation, co-precipitation and adsorption processes. The experiment was carried out on the column imitated a bore core of anaerobic aquifer with water phase containing Fe(II), Mn(II), As(III) concentration of 45.12 mg/L, 14.52 mg/L, 219.4 μg/L, respectively and other ions similarly composition in groundwater. After 6 days of air supply, concentration of iron reduced to 0.38 mg/L, manganese to 0.4 mg/L, arsenic to 9.8 μg/L (equivalent 99.16% of iron, 97.25% of manganese and 95.53% of arsenic fixed), and for other ions, the concentration changed almost according to general principles. Ion phosphate and silicate strongly influenced on arsenic removal but supported iron and manganese precipitation from water phase. Based on the experimental results, new model of groundwater exploitation was proposed.     

几种天然矿物去除苯酚效果及日光光解效应评价

本文以四种天然矿物为受试矿物,评价了它们去除苯酚的效果,以及日光光解放应及温度,ＰＨ值,矿物浓度,苯酚初始浓度对去除效果的影响。     

Effect of biocides on the precipitation of calcium fluoride in the presence of anionic copolymeric inhibitors

The inhibitory efficiency of anionic copolymers and the effect of the biocides sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, and tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane on the precipitation behavior of calcium fluoride (CaF₂) were studied. The efficiency of polymeric inhibitors was traced from conductivity measurements by using half-life (t_1/2) method. X-ray diffraction parameters have been measured for calcium fluoride scale minerals. An anionic copolymer (K-798) acts as one of the best inhibitors for the precipitation process of the calcium fluoride in water as compared to K-775. It is assigned to the fact that the copolymer (K-798) contains both sulfonic acid and sulfonated styrene groups while the polymer (K-775) having only the sulfonic acid group. It was further observed that the biocides have no appreciable effect on the performance of the anionic polymeric inhibitors.     

Hair burning and liming in tanneries is a source of pollution by arsenic,lead, zinc,manganese and iron

Heavy metals in the environment may be toxic for human and animals. Tanneries are a source of pollution by heavy metals. There is little information on heavy metals pollution in tanneries, especially on metals produced by the process of hair burning and liming. Liming is the first stage of chemical treatment where animal hair or wool is removed with sodium sulphide and calcium oxide. Here we studied cow, goat, buffalo and sheep hair, conventional liming agents and liming wastewaters from several sources. Samples were acid-digested and aliquots were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy following APHA standard method to measure concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium, zinc, manganese and iron. Results show that the range of metal contents in hair or wool and liming agents are 1.3–8.2 mg/kg for arsenic, 0.02–21.8 mg/kg for lead, 17.7–121.0 mg/kg for manganese, 7.3–141.1 mg/kg for zinc and 119.6–10613.8 mg/kg for iron. Liming wastewaters contain 1.9–5.6 µg/L arsenic, 0.03–6.05 µg/L lead, 38.6–139.0 µg/L manganese, 144.0–171.5 µg/L zinc and 399.5–1069.0 µg/L iron. Cadmium was below detection limits. This is the first investigation that reveals that hair burning liming operation is a potential source of heavy metals in the environment.     

聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠固定香菇废弃物吸附Pb和Cd的最佳配方

选用香菇废弃物作为生物吸附剂,用聚乙烯醇(PVA)-海藻酸钠(SA)同定香菇粉制成PVA-SA固定香菇,以吸附溶液中铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)的能力为主要评价指标,结合成球性、机械强度和耐酸性等,通过正交试验确定出吸附Pb的PVA-SA固定香菇最佳配方是8%PVA+1%SA+3%香菇粉+2%CaCl2的饱和H3BO3,对Pb的吸附率为95.4%,吸附Cd的PVA-SA同定香菇的最佳配方是5%PVA+1%SA+3%香菇粉+2%CaCl2的饱和H3BO3,对Cd的吸附率为63.7%.二小球的成球性、机械强度和耐酸性都较好.Langmuir等温吸附模型能最好地拟合香菇吸附Pb的热力学过程,相关系数R2达0.993 9;Freundlich模型能更好地描述香菇吸附Cd的热力学过程,R2为0.999 3.Freundlich等温吸附模型适合描述PVA-SA同定香菇吸附Pb和Cd的热力学过程,R2分别为0.958 7和0.982 3.自由香菇对Cd的理论最大吸附量qm-Langmuir (2.832 1 mg g-1)小于PVA-SA固定香菇的理论最大吸附量qm-Langmuir (6.447 5 mg g-1),自由香菇吸附Pb的Freundlich模型参数k(0.312 7)小于PVA-SA固定香菇吸附Pb的k(0.431 0),香菇固定后吸附Cd和Pb的能力有所提高.PVA-SA固定香菇吸附Pb和Cd的吸附平衡时间分别为3 h和7 h,比自由香菇吸附Pb和Cd的平衡时间(1 h)长.伪二级动力学模型能很好地拟合固定香菇吸附Pb和Cd的动力学过程,R2分别为0.999 9和0.994 6,由该模型计算出的对Pb和Cd的平衡吸附量理论值分别为0.453 6 mg g-1和0.2060 mg Cd g-1.伪二级动力学模型能很好地拟合同定香菇吸附Pb和Cd的动力学过程,由该模型计算出的固定香菇对Pb和Cd的平衡吸附量理论值分别为0.453 6 mg g-1和0.206 0 mg g-1,自由香菇对Pb和Cd的平衡吸附量理论值分别为1.817 2 mg g-1和0.842 5 mg g-1.PVA-SA固定香菇吸附Pb/Cd的伪二级动力学反应速率常数k2为1.324 1/1.253 1,自由香菇吸附Pb/Cd的k2为0.780 510.213 0,自由香菇吸附Pb/Cd的k2大于固定香菇的k2,表明固定香菇吸附Pb/Cd达到平衡所需要的时间比自由香菇所需要的时间长.图3表6参16     

Synthesis of manganese zinc ferrite using ferrous pickle liquor and pyrolusite ore

The possibility of utilizing hydrochloric acid-based waste pickle liquor (WPL) and medium-grade pyrolusite ore to synthesize manganese zinc ferrite was explored. The excess acidity of the WPL was neutralized using mild steel turnings. The unreacted mild steel scrap and suspended solids were removed by filtration. Partial precipitation technique was employed to reduce the impurities. The purified WPL was treated with medium-grade pyrolusite ore to prepare the leach liquor to which the required quantities of ferrous chloride and zinc granules were added to maintain stoichiometry in the resultant compound. The hydroxy carbonate of manganese, zinc and iron was precipitated by the addition of a hot solution (70°C) of sodium carbonate (20% v/v), which upon sintering in argon atmosphere yielded manganese zinc ferrite. The addition of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) helped in preventing agglomeration of the particles. Sintering at 450°C for 30 min in argon atmosphere has resulted in mixed phases of (Zn,Mn,Fe) (Fe,Mn)₂O₄ and Mn₃O₄, which indicates lack of phase purity. Sintering at temperatures higher than 950°C for 5 h in argon atmosphere enabled complete ferritization. The extent of ferritization was found to be a function of sintering time at 950°C. The manganese zinc ferrites synthesized using WPL and medium-grade pyrolusite ore exhibited soft magnetic characteristics.     

固定化细胞生产L-苯丙氨酸研究

用聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）凝胶包埋固定假单胞菌Ｅ４－１０６细胞,最佳ρ（ＰＶＡ）为８０ｇ／Ｌ;最适湿细胞包埋量为每ｍｌ凝胶０．３ｇ;转氨酶活力回收率为７８％,连续反应２１批次后,固定化细胞酶活力为初始最高活力的９１％;用固定化细胞进行间歇式批次反应,结果表明其酶活性半寿期为４个月;制得的固定化细胞为直径约３ｍｍ的珠状颗粒,机械强度良好,间歇式批次反应１０个月,固定化细胞凝胶颗粒无溃破