川西亚高山森林两种优势树种不同径级根系腐殖化特征

亚高山森林根系腐殖化是地下土壤形成和碳吸存的重要途径之一,并可能受到根系直径和物种类型的影响.对川西亚高山两个优势林木粗枝云杉(Picea asperata)和岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)细根(直径≤2 mm)、中根(直径2-5 mm)和粗根(直径5-10 mm)的腐殖化特征进行分析.结果表明:粗枝云杉和岷江冷杉腐殖质碳、富里酸碳、胡敏酸碳含量受根系径级的显著影响,并随根系径级增大而减少.表征腐殖化度的两个指标(Δlog K和E4/E6)在两个林木之间差异显著,粗枝云杉腐殖化程度高于岷江冷杉.单因素方差分析表明粗枝云杉和岷江冷杉腐殖化度受根系径级显著影响,随径级的增大呈减小趋势.两种林木细根、中根和粗根的腐殖化度分别为40.13%-41.66%、36.13%-38.86%、27.19%-27.51%.综上所述,川西亚高山森林林木细根更有利于腐殖化.     

亚热带常绿阔叶林优势植物4种矿质元素的分配特征

植物对矿质元素的吸收和利用是衡量森林群落养分状况的重要指标.为了解亚热带常绿阔叶林植物群落矿质元素分配特征,以华西雨屏区亚热带常绿阔叶林优势植物为研究对象,于2017年8月采集乔木、灌木和草本植物的根、茎、皮、枝、叶样品,测定分析森林群落优势植物矿质元素K、Ca、Na、Mg的分配特征.结果表明:优势植物矿质元素平均浓度表现为Ca K Mg Na;不同功能群各元素浓度存在一定差异,K和Mg浓度以乔木植物最低,Ca和K浓度分别以灌木和草本植物最高,Na浓度在植物功能群间无明显变化;不同植物功能群相同器官的矿质元素浓度明显不同,根系K、Ca和Mg浓度以乔木植物最低,叶片K、Ca、Na和Mg浓度以灌木植物最高,乔木和灌木植物枝条矿质元素浓度差异不显著;同一植物功能群的不同器官显著影响矿质元素浓度,乔木植物Ca浓度以树皮最高,灌木植物K、Ca和Mg元素浓度以枝条最低,草本植物叶片和根系矿质元素无显著差异;K与Mg和Na元素浓度以及Ca与Mg元素浓度显著正相关,Na与Ca和Mg元素浓度呈显著负相关,K和Ca元素浓度相关不显著.因此,亚热带常绿阔叶林植物矿质元素的分配不仅受到功能群及其器官的影响,还受到元素间相互作用的影响.(图4表2参55附表1)     

氮沉降对杉木人工林凋落物叶分解过程中养分释放的影响

凋落物的养分释放是生态系统养分循环的重要组成部分,是维持森林生态系统养分平衡的关键过程。近几十年来,森林生态系统正受到氮沉降增加的影响,开展氮沉降全球化背景下凋落物养分释放的研究,有助于揭示森林养分循环对氮沉降的响应机制。以亚热带有代表性的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林(福建官庄国有林场1992年造林)为研究对象,自2004年1月开始进行氮沉降模拟试验,设置4个氮沉降处理,分别为0(N0)、60(N60)、120(N120)、240(N240)kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),采用分解袋法进行原位分解试验,将分解袋随机投放至林地表面,每隔60天取样1次,共持续660 d,探讨凋落物叶在分解过程中养分(P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Fe)的释放动态。结果表明,在模拟氮沉降初期,氮沉降总体上促进了养分元素的释放,相对于N0处理,氮沉降分别使K的周转期缩短22.14%-26.09%,Ca周转期缩短15.31%-34.59%,Mg的周转期缩短5.25%-27.03%,Mn的周转期缩短17.85%-46.80%,Zn的周转期缩短20.51%-33.18%;就P和Fe而言,仅有N_2处理对其表现为促进作用,周转期分别缩短11.02%和26.01%。在各氮沉降水平中,120 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)的施入量对凋落物养分释放作用最显著,说明此时杉木人工林还未达到氮饱和状态,随着时间的推移,当杉木人工林生态系统达到氮饱合时,则有可能对凋落物的养分释放产生不利的影响。     

不同海岸梯度上短枝木麻黄小枝金属元素含量及其再吸收率动态

对福建东山赤山林场不同海岸梯度上短枝木麻黄小枝中的钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、钠(Na)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)和锌(Zn)元素含量及其再吸收率动态进行了研究.结果表明,海岸梯度对短枝木麻黄小枝中各元素含量及其再吸收率均具有显著影响.在各海岸梯度上,K再吸收率为正值,且基干林带的再吸收率显著低于其它样地,Fe和Zn为负值,Ca、Mg和Na再吸收率在防护林带前沿为负值,而在后沿林为正值,Mn则相反.这表明,基干林带严重的环境胁迫显著降低了短枝木麻黄小枝的养分再吸收率.短枝木麻黄成熟小枝中的K、Mg含量与其再吸收率存在显著正相关,而Na和Fe与其再吸收率存在显著负相关,其它元素与其再吸收率之间没有显著相关性.除K外,各元素在衰老小枝中的含量与相应元素再吸收率之间均存在显著负相关,表明元素再吸收程度越高,其再吸收率就越高.Ca、Mg、Na和Fe再吸收率之间具有显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),Zn除与Mn再吸收率呈显著正相关外,与其它元素均表现为负相关,Mn则与其它元素再吸收率之间没有显著相关性.因而短枝木麻黄小枝中不同类型的养分状况对其再吸收率具有不同的影响.表5参42     

高寒沙地两种柳树不同径级细根分解动态特征

为了解高寒沙区杨柳科植物的细根分解特征,以青海共和的乌柳(Salix cheilophila)和沙柳(Salix psammophila)为研究对象,探讨不同径级细根(0~0.5、0.5~1和1~2 mm)的分解规律、养分释放规律及其影响因素,对评价两种杨柳科灌木人工林在共和盆地的长期适应性具有重要意义,为长期研究高寒沙区土壤碳循环和养分循环规律提供理论依据。利用埋袋法,比较不同径级细根在经历了489 d分解后的质量残留率、养分(C、N、P、K)释放率及分解速率与初始养分含量的相关性,总结乌柳和沙柳细根分解动态特征;运用非线性指数衰减模型拟合估算细根分解系数以及分解50%、95%所需的时间。结果表明,细根分解率表现为第一年生长季6—10月分解速率快,11月—次年6月分解速率缓慢,次年生长季6—10月分解速率加快的趋势。两种柳树在前120天均为快速分解阶段,各径级细根质量残留率为77.24%~85.26%,120~360 d为缓慢分解阶段,从第360天开始分解速率缓慢上升。经过489 d分解后,两种柳树细根质量显著下降,残留率为66.44%~82.23%,且分解速率随细根直径增大而增大。通过指数衰减模型拟合得到乌柳和沙柳细根分解极其缓慢,损失95%质量分别需要26 a和38 a。细根分解过程中,乌柳和沙柳不同养分的释放特征不同。细根C、N、P以释放为主,且养分释放速率总体上随细根直径增大而增大。细根质量残留率与初始C/N值呈显著负相关关系(P0.01),即初始底物C/N值越大,细根初始分解速率越小。     

内蒙古羊草草原凋落物分解过程中营养元素的动态

凋落物分解是生态系统养分循环的关键环节,作为植物体向土壤归还营养物质的主要途径,对维持生态系统的平衡具有重要的意义。以内蒙古锡林河流域的羊草草原优势种羊草(Leymus chinensis)和冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、羊草和冰草双物种、多物种混合凋落物为研究对象,采用凋落物袋法研究了4类凋落物的分解特征及营养元素动态变化过程。结果表明:多物种、双物种、羊草和冰草凋落物的分解常数分别为1.04、0.98、1.01和0.95;4类凋落物各元素表现为不同的动态变化特征,C、P、K、Mg、Ca、Cu为净释放,平均释放率在16.37%~87.43%,Fe为累积模式,累积率为140%~339%;羊草、冰草、多物种凋落物的Mn为净累积,累积率为35.07%~57.28%,而双物种凋落物的Mn为净释放,释放率仅为0.9%;羊草凋落物的Zn为净累积,累积率为70.76%,其它凋落物表现为净释放,释放率为4.09%~22.32%。混合凋落物分解存在非加性效应,在0~305 d内,羊草和冰草凋落物之间存在着抑制作用。羊草和冰草凋落物混合对C、Cu残留率起抑制作用,对Mn、Zn、Ca、Fe残留率起促进作用,而对N残留率先起促进作用后起抑制作用,对P、Mg、K的残留率无显著影响。     

林窗对川西亚高山云杉人工林土壤呼吸的影响

为了解林窗对川西亚高山粗枝云杉(Picea asperata)人工林土壤呼吸的影响,采用CO2通量全自动监测系统对川西亚高山粗枝云杉人工林林窗和林内土壤呼吸及土壤温度、水分进行为期两年的连续观测,比较分析林窗和林内环境因子和土壤呼吸速率的变化.结果表明:川西亚高山粗枝云杉人工林林窗和林内的土壤温度、土壤水分和土壤呼吸速率均具有显著的季节动态.在生长季节(4-10月),林窗效应使土壤温度、土壤水分和土壤呼吸速率较林内分别增加了48.8%、19.3%和18.6%;而冬季(11月-翌年3月)两种环境之间并无显著差异.林窗和林内土壤呼吸速率和土壤温度均呈显著指数相关(P0.01),与土壤水分呈显著线性相关(P0.05).林窗和林内的土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q_(10))分别为2.46和3.01.综上所述,林窗效应对川西亚高山森林土壤呼吸具有显著刺激作用,且有明显的季节动态特征.(图3表1参33)     

西藏日喀则地区夏、冬季大气颗粒物水溶性离子粒径分布特征

为研究日喀则不同粒径大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的组成特征,利用Andersen分级撞击式采样器在夏、冬季进行大气颗粒物分级采样,采用离子色谱测定NH+4、Ca2+、K+、Mg2+、Na+、SO2-4、NO-3和Cl-等8种离子浓度.结果表明,夏、冬季总离子浓度分别为9648±3030、4925±1138 ng·m-3.夏季离子浓度高低顺序为Cl-﹥Ca2+﹥NH+4﹥Na+﹥SO2-4﹥NO-3﹥K+﹥Mg2+,Cl-、Ca2+、NH+4和Na+占总离子浓度的比重为74.9%;冬季水溶性无机离子浓度高低顺序为Cl-﹥SO2-4﹥NH+4﹥NO-3﹥Ca2+﹥Na+﹥K+﹥Mg2+,Cl-、SO2-4、NH+4和NO-3占总离子浓度的比重为88.0%.夏、冬季大气颗粒物中所有水溶性无机离子的粒径分布均成双峰型.夏季,大气颗粒物中SO2-4与Mg2+(r=0.951)、Ca2+(r=0.947),NO-3与Mg2+(r=0.904)、Ca2+(r=0.843),在0.01水平(双侧)上均显著相关;冬季,细粒子中K+与Cl-(r=0.740)、SO2-4(r=0.929)及NO-3(r=0.920),在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关.     

川西地区7种常见彩叶树种凋落物分解

凋落物分解是森林土壤碳和养分的重要来源.彩叶林为川西地区重要的生态系统类型之一,为探索川西地区常见彩叶树种凋落物分解速率与养分释放,采用尼龙分解袋法研究常见彩叶物种葛罗枫(Acer grosseri)、落叶松(Larix kaempferi)、青榨槭(Acer davidii)、元宝枫(Acer truncatum)、黄栌(Cotinus coggygria)、红桦(Betula albosinensis)和花楸(Sorbuspohuashanensis)凋落物分解过程中的质量损失和养分释放特征.结果表明,分解两年后7种彩叶树种凋落物质量残留率从高到低依次为元宝枫(66.4%)、落叶松(64.1%)、红桦(63.7%)、青榨槭(59.6%)、黄栌(58.9%)、葛罗枫(50.8%)和花楸(50.1%);凋落物质量损失主要发生在第一年,第一年凋落物质量损失率显著高于第二年.两年分解过程中,7种彩叶树种凋落物碳浓度下降,碳表现为净释放.氮磷释放特征在物种间差异显著,其中,花楸凋落物氮磷均表现为净释放.相关性分析表明,初始养分(氮和磷)含量与分解速率呈正相关,而难分解物质(木质素和纤维素)含量与分解速率呈负相关.综上所述,川西彩叶树种凋落物分解和氮磷释放因树种和分解时期而不同,花楸凋落物分解和养分释放速率相对较快;研究结果可为川西彩叶林景观恢复重建的物种选择提供科学依据.(图3表3参41)     

杨树人工林生态系统凋落物生物量及其分解特征

凋落物是森林土壤有机质的主要来源,是森林生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要载体。而凋落物分解是森林生态系统养分生物地球化学循环的重要过程,是土壤有效养分供应能力的决定因素之一,与森林生产力及可持续生长密切相关。通过研究杨树人工林凋落物生物量及其分解过程,掌握其养分数量及其释放规律,为人工林可持续经营提供重要依据。采用凋落物收集网法和凋落物分解袋法,对长江中下游地区南京市浦口区13年生的杨树(Populus deltoides Bartr.cv."Lux"I-69/55)人工林生态系统凋落物生物量以及不同类型凋落物的分解特征进行了系统研究,结果表明:杨树人工林凋落物生物量约为5t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),叶片是凋落物的主要成分,占凋落物总量的70%左右;通过Olson指数模型拟合得出的各凋落物的半分解时间及95%分解时间均表现为杨树枯枝杨树枯叶混合凋落物枯死的林下植被杨树根系。2年连续分解试验表明,凋落物中的N整体上呈先富集后释放的模式,P整体上呈持续富集的模式,K呈早期释放模式,而Ca和Mg的释放模式比较复杂。分解2年后,杨树地上部分凋落物(枯叶和枯枝)养分总释放量(N、P、K、Ca和Mg的总和)为86.1 kg·hm~(-2),养分回归率约为60%;林下植被凋落物养分总释放量为92.3 kg·hm~(-2),养分回归率达75%以上,表明林下植被凋落物是杨树人工林生态系统养分归还的重要组成部分。     

The Nutrient Status of Some Graminaceous Species in Britain. 2. Deschampsia Flexuosa (L.) Trin

Above-ground biomass of Deschampsia flexuosa from 40 sites throughout Britain was analysed for concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na), with matching analyses of nutrient levels in the soils, together with pH and LOI. Seasonal variation in the nutrients was also studied in detail at one of the sites. the grass was found on acid sites ranging between pH 3.1 and 4.7. the soil humus content varied widely, and there were significant correlations between that and elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Na) in the soil. Concentrations of zinc and manganese in the plant material were the only elements that significantly correlated with extractable levels in the soils. Tissue concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium declined throughout the growing season, whereas the other elements showed a tendency to build up until the end of September. Calcium, magnesium and manganese concentrations then declined as growth ceased. the results are compared with above-ground concentrations of minerals in other plants and the growth strategy of this perennial grass.     

Fine root decomposition and nutrient release in Toona sinensis plantation under the reconstruction mode of low-efficiency cypress forest gaps北大核心CSCD

Fine root decomposition is an important way in which nutrients are returned to plantation soil; thus, further study of this process will be helpful for understanding material cycling in forest ecosystems. We investigated a Toona sinensis plantation in the central Sichuan hilly region using litter bags containing T. sinensis fine roots to evaluate the dynamics of fine root decomposition and nutrient release for one year in forest gaps of 50 m2 (L1), 100 m2 (L2), and 150 m2 (L3). The results showed that T. sinensis fine root decomposition was fastest in the first 90 days. As time passed, the decomposition rate slowed. One year later, the residue rate was 75.44%, 73.92%, and 72.07%, respectively. The fine root decomposition rate of L3 was greater than that of L2, which was greater than that of L1. During fine root decomposition, the dynamics of the fine root nutrient concentrations changed. C, P, and K concentrations of the fine roots declined in forest gaps, while N, Ca, and Mg concentrations increased overall in the fine roots. In conclusion, forest gaps had effects on the fine root decomposition and nutrient release of T. sinensis, and different sized forest gaps produced different results. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

The Nutrient Status of Some Graminaceous Species in Britain. 1. Molinia Caerulea (L.) Moench

Above-ground biomass biomass of Molinia caerulea from 36 sites throughout Britain was analysed for concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na), with matching analyses of soil nutrients, together with pH and LOI. Between-year and seasonal variation in the nutrients was also studied at one of the sites. the grass was found on acid sites ranging between pH 3.1 and 5.8. the soil humus content varied widely, and there were significant correlations between that and elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in the soil. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese in the plant material were significantly correlated with extractable levels in the soils. Between year variation in the plant nutrient concentrations at one site was of a similar order to variation between the sites. Generally there was less variation in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium tissue levels than in calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. Iron and sodium were the most variable. Tissue concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and copper declined throughout the growing season, whereas magnesium, calcium and iron built up until August/September after which a decline set in as the leaves senesced. the results are discussed in relation to the importance of standardizing the time of sampling, in comparison with concentrations of tissue levels in other plants and the growth strategy of this deciduous grass.     

The Nutrient Status of Some Graminaceous Species in Britain. 1. Molinia Caerulea (L.) Moench

Above-ground biomass biomass of Molinia caerulea from 36 sites throughout Britain was analysed for concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na), with matching analyses of soil nutrients, together with pH and LOI. Between-year and seasonal variation in the nutrients was also studied at one of the sites. the grass was found on acid sites ranging between pH 3.1 and 5.8. the soil humus content varied widely, and there were significant correlations between that and elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in the soil. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese in the plant material were significantly correlated with extractable levels in the soils. Between year variation in the plant nutrient concentrations at one site was of a similar order to variation between the sites. Generally there was less variation in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium tissue levels than in calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. Iron and sodium were the most variable. Tissue concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and copper declined throughout the growing season, whereas magnesium, calcium and iron built up until August/September after which a decline set in as the leaves senesced. the results are discussed in relation to the importance of standardizing the time of sampling, in comparison with concentrations of tissue levels in other plants and the growth strategy of this deciduous grass.     

Effects of two forest types on the dynamics of four base cations along with rainfall partitioning in middle subtropical forests北大核心CSCD

盐基离子随穿透雨和树干茎流的迁移成为森林元素输入的重要组成部分.在迁移过程中,冠层淋溶、树干冲刷等改变了盐基离子含量,而不同林型的林冠特征、树皮性质等存在差异,因此盐基离子含量在不同林型中可能存在差异对米槠次生林和杉木人工林穿透雨、树干茎流进行为期4年的监测,对比研究4种盐基离子(K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+)浓度和输入量的动态特征.结果显示:(1)米槠次生林树干茎流Ca2+、Mg2+浓度显著低于杉木人工林而K+浓度显著高于杉木人工林;穿透雨除Na+浓度外均为米槠次生林显著高于杉木人工林.穿透雨和树干茎流Na+浓度林型差异不显著.(2)两种林型盐基离子季节动态变化基本一致,在雨季旱季各有一个峰值,雨季浓度普遍低于旱季.米槠次生林盐基离子浓度稳定性普遍高于杉木人工林.(3)分析盐基离子浓度与降雨强度的关系发现:Ca2+、K+、Mg2+浓度随雨量级的增加而降低,Na+浓度随雨量级的增加而增加.(4)观测期间米槠次生林穿透雨累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为47.97、35.17、7.15和12.94 kg/hm2,树干茎流累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为11.38、6.21、1.54和3.00 kg/hm2;杉木人工林穿透雨累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为47.24、26.63、6.43和11.55 kg/hm2,树干茎流累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为4.11、1.20、0.50和0.83 kg/hm2.米槠次生林的林内雨盐基离子输入量大于杉木人工林.总体而言,米槠次生林比杉木人工林有更高的养分输入,能更好地维持生态系统养分的供应;上述结果有助于进一步认识森林物质随水文过程的流动,可为人工林经营管理提供一定科学基础数据.(图6表1参36)     

紫花芒果NPKCaMg叶片诊断的DRIS标准初步研究

按诊断与推荐综合系统（DRIS）标准建立的常规方法.通过比较低产和高产组叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg养分含量以及两元素间的养分比和养分积,初步筛选出N／P、N／K、N／Ca、N／Mg、K／P、Ca/P、P／Mg、K／Ca.K／Mg和Ca／Mg作为DRIS参项,并初步提出紫花芒果DRIS诊断标准.     

Effect of acid rain on the fractionation of heavy metals and major elements in contaminated soils

Acid rain is a serious environmental problem worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acid rain (1:1 equivalent basis H₂SO₄:HNO₃) at pH values of 2.0, 4.0 and 7.0 on the fractionation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and major elements (K, Na, Ca, and Mg) in contaminated calcareous soils over a 2084 h period. Heavy metals and major elements in soil samples were fractionated before and after 2084 h kinetic release using a sequential extraction procedure. Before kinetic studies the predominant fractions of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cd and Ni were mainly associated with carbonate fraction (CARB), whereas Fe, Mn and Zn were associated with the Fe–Mn oxide fraction (Fe–Mn oxide). The highest percentage of Pb and Cu were found in the exchangeable (EXC) and organic matter (OM) fractions, respectively. After kinetic study using different simulated acid rain solutions, the major fractions of heavy metals (expect of Cu) and Na was the same as before release. Upon the application of different acid rain solutions, K and Mg were found dominantly in Fe–Mn oxide fraction, whereas Ca was in the EXC fraction. The results provide valuable information regarding metal mobility and indicated that speciation of metals (Cu and Zn) and major elements in contaminated calcareous soils can be affected by acid rain.     

含水层中氯烯烃胶对水泥与地下水发生相互作用的缓冲作用研究

利用矿渣硅酸盐水泥和氯烃烃胶研究了在营造的地下水环境和含水层环境中，氯烯烃胶对水泥混凝土与地下水之间发生相互作用的缓冲作用。研究结果表明，在营造的地下水和含水层环境中，氯烯烃胶对水泥混凝土与地下水之间的相互作用有一定的缓冲作用，主要表面阻止柱块的碱性和各种元素的释放。从而减弱了水泥８９混凝土柱决的相互作用。     

千年桐与毛竹凋落叶混合分解对土壤酶活性的影响

在16年生千年桐人工林中按5种分解模式(模式A:千年桐叶100%;模式B:毛竹叶100%;模式C:千年桐叶50%+毛竹叶50%;模式D:千年桐叶75%+毛竹叶25%;模式E:千年桐叶80%+毛竹叶20%)进行千年桐、毛竹凋落叶及其混合分解的野外模拟试验,分析千年桐与毛竹凋落叶混合分解对土壤酶活性的影响及其与凋落物主要营养元素全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK),微量元素钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、锰(Mn)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)及有机碳(OC)的释放量之间的关系.结果表明:5种模式叶凋落物分解1年后TN、TP、TK、OC和Na、Ca、Mn、Mg、Zn的释放量大小并不一致,不同元素释放量在5种分解模式之间均存在显著差异;5种混合分解模式下,蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的最强活性区均出现在5～10 cm土层,其中蔗糖酶活性比较为模式E>C>A>CK>D>B,过氧化氢酶活性比较为模式E>CK>B>D>A>C.80%千年桐叶+20%毛竹叶的配比对土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的增强作用比较明显,在实际的人工林栽培中,可考虑以千年桐和毛竹4:1的比例进行毛阔混交林的营造,以最大程度地增强土壤肥力,提高土壤质量,促进两种树种的共同生长.图2表2参37     

Nutritionally relevant elements in staple foods: influence of arable site versus choice of variety

Eighteen representative sites for the Austrian grain-growing and eight for the potato-growing zones (soils and crops) were investigated. On each site, total element contents (B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Sr and Zn) were determined in 4–12 varieties of winter wheat (n = 136), 6 varieties of spring durum wheat (n = 30), 5 varieties of winter durum wheat (n = 15), 7 varieties of rye (n = 49), 5 varieties of spring barley (n = 30) and 5 varieties of potatoes (n = 40). Element accumulations in grain species and potato tubers varied significantly with site conditions, with the main exceptions for B in potatoes and wheat as well as for Zn, Cu and Co in durum wheat. On average, across all investigated sites, differences in varieties occurred concerning the elements Ca, Cd, Ba, Sr and Zn (except Zn in potatoes and winter durum). A rough estimation revealed that an average Austrian consumer of wheat, rye and potatoes meets more than 50% of the needs of daily element intake for K, P and Mg, between 36 and 72% for Fe, Zn and Cu, and more than 100% for Co, Mo and Mn. In particular, the elements Ca and Na have to be added from other sources.