共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N、S共掺TiO2光催化剂,借助X-射线衍射(XRD)、光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等测试手段对样品进行表征,并以罗丹明B为模型污染物考察了样品光催化活性.XRD物相鉴定表明,所得TiO2催化剂为锐钛矿和金红石矿的混合型,金红石型的含量在15.2%—10.6%之间,N和S掺杂可有效抑制金红石相的生成;光催化降解实验结果表明,N、S共掺光催化剂具有良好的可见光催化活性,自然光照射10h,N、S共掺催化剂(1.0%N-0.25%S-TiO)对工业废水COD的去除率高达97.2%. 相似文献
2.
《环境化学》2016,(8)
采用沉淀-沉积法制备不同载体的Pd负载型催化剂,采用透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)对材料进行表征;并以所得材料为催化剂对三氯生(TCS)的催化加氢脱氯反应进行了研究.结果表明,Pd/TiO_2型催化剂在TCS加氢脱氯反应中具有较好的效果,反应活性随着Pd负载量的提高而增强.当反应物初始浓度为0.016 mmol·L~(-1),pH值为10,催化剂0.36%Pd/TiO_2用量为20mg时,TCS在70 min可以完成脱氯过程.碱性条件下,p H的升高不利于反应的进行.当催化剂用量在15—25 mg时,催化剂质量标化的反应初活性没有明显变化,表明催化反应过程不受传质阻力的影响.当反应物初始浓度在0.009—0.02 mmol·L~(-1)时,反应初活性随浓度的提高显著增加,但进一步增加反应物的浓度时初活性没有明显提高,因此,TCS在Pd/TiO_2催化剂上的脱氯行为符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,表明TCS的加氢脱氯受表面吸附所控制.催化反应的过程中生成多种脱氯中间产物,反应的最终产物为2-羟基二苯醚. 相似文献
3.
《环境化学》2015,(12)
采用溶剂热法、均匀共沉淀法和溶胶-水热法分别制备出3种不同形貌的二氧化钛催化剂.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂的晶型结构和微观形貌进行分析.以五氯苯为模型污染物,分别在300℃、350℃、400℃条件下对3种不同形貌材料的催化活性进行评价.结果表明,3种材料的活性强弱顺序为:均匀共沉淀法所制TiO_2溶胶-水热法所制TiO_2溶剂热法所制TiO_2.均匀共沉淀法所制TiO_2在反应温度350℃、反应时间60 min的条件下对五氯苯的降解效率已经达到99.8%.通过GC-MS对五氯苯的降解产物进行分析,检测到有四氯苯、三氯苯和二氯苯等生成,表明降解反应有加氢脱氯过程发生.五氯苯加氢脱氯降解路径为:Pe CB→1,2,4,5/1,2,3,5/1,2,3,4-Te CB→1,2,4/1,2,3-TrCB→DCB. 相似文献
4.
5.
以木质生物炭为载体制备了负载型硫化铁(FeS_x/BC),采用扫描电镜/能量色散X射线光谱(SEM/EDX)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其结构进行了表征分析.然后将其用于催化除草剂2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的类Fenton氧化降解,并与市售硫化亚铁(c-FeS)进行对比.结果表明,生物炭可以提高硫化铁分散性,炭载催化剂中的Fe主要以Fe_3S_4形式存在.与c-FeS相比,采用FeS_x/BC催化降解2,4-D的反应速率常数(k_(obs))提高了约20倍.降解反应速率随催化剂、H_2O_2用量增加而提高,但是随初始pH(2.0—9.0)上升而下降.机理研究表明,生物炭作为电子穿梭体有助于提高·OH的生成量,促进2,4-D降解中间产物转化、并使脱氯反应更完全. 相似文献
6.
有机改性蒙脱石负载纳米零价铁去除水体新兴污染物双氯芬酸 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双氯芬酸(DFC)作为一种典型的新兴污染物,进入环境中难以被生物降解和转化,给人类健康造成潜在危害.本研究采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMAB)改性的蒙脱石(Mt)负载自制的纳米零价铁(nZVI),得到有机改性蒙脱石负载纳米零价铁(H-Mt+nZVI)复合材料,用于去除水中的DFC.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积分析仪(BET)对复合材料进行了表征.结果表明,在XRD图谱中2θ=44.6°附近出现了对应于Fe~0的衍射峰,证明nZVI被成功负载于Mt上;在0.5 CEC、1 CEC、2 CEC改性的Mt比表面积由49.40 m~2·g~(-1)下降到20.86、21.27、26.06 m~2·g~(-1),且Mt的孔径由8.01 nm增大到10.93、11.60、12.40 nm,主要由于nZVI负载到Mt表面或层间,扩充了部分吸附孔洞.同时,采用批次吸附实验比较了Mt、nZVI和H-Mt+nZVI复合材料对DFC的去除效果,研究结果表明,Mt和nZVI对DFC的去除率均低于20%,复合材料对DFC的去除率明显增大,可达90%以上.复合材料对DFC的吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型,吸附动力学更满足准一级动力学模型.在采用1倍阳离子交换量改性蒙脱石负载纳米零价铁(1 CEC Mt+nZVI)吸附DFC时,饱和吸附量可达1922.78 mg·kg~(-1),吸附平衡时间为30 min.说明H-Mt+nZVI复合材料可应用于水体新兴污染物DFC的快速去除. 相似文献
7.
通过水热法制备了Ti(Ⅳ)掺杂Bi_2O_3(BTO),采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对其形貌和结构进行表征,并考察了钛掺杂氧化铋光催化降解水中PFOA的降解效果,发现PFOA的降解符合一级反应动力学,其降解速率常数为-0.2 h~(-1),比商业用纳米二氧化钛P25提高了6.8倍.表征结果证明,BTO存在多孔结构,能够增加反应活性位点,提高光催化活性面积.同时,自由基捕获实验和中间产物分析表明,光生空穴对PFOA的断链分解起决定性作用;同时Bi—O—Ti表面基团吸附PFOA并弱化了C—F键,导致光生电子可自由移至C—F键上并实现还原脱氟;光生电子和空穴在功能上相互配合,实现了对PFOA的协同降解;PFOA的降解过程受还原性物质主导,通过C—C键的断裂生成短链全氟羧酸类物质. 相似文献
8.
以壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)为单体,采用表面沉积交联法对多壁碳纳米管(CNT)改性得到壳聚糖修饰的碳纳米管(CS-CNT).分别以CS-CNT和CNT为载体,用硼氢化钠还原法制备Pd/CNT和Pd/CS-CNT负载型催化剂.采用元素分析仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积与孔径分布测定仪(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对材料进行表征,并对二氯乙酸的液相催化加氢脱氯反应进行了研究.结果表明,与Pd/CNT相比,Pd/CS-CNT对二氯乙酸有更高的催化活性.此外,该催化加氢脱氯反应受溶液pH及催化剂表面Pd颗粒的影响.二氯乙酸的催化加氢脱氯反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,表明该反应过程由二氯乙酸在催化剂表面的吸附所控制. 相似文献
9.
碳纳米管负载Pd基催化剂对水中2,4-二氯酚的催化加氢脱氯 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行掺氮得到含氮的多壁碳纳米管N-MWNTs,分别以MWNTs和N-MWNTs为载体,采用浸渍法合成了催化剂Pd/MWNTs和Pd/N-MWNTs.使用透射电镜(TEM)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、元素分析仪等对催化剂进行了表征,并对2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)的液相催化加氢脱氯反应进行了研究.结果表明,Pd/N-MWNTs对2,4-DCP具有更高的催化活性;该反应体系的催化反应过程不受传质阻力的影响;2,4-DCP在催化剂上的加氢脱氯行为符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,即2,4-DCP的还原脱氯受表面吸附所控制. 相似文献
10.
利用共价三嗪有机框架材料(CTF-1)对4-氯酚(4-CP)、2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)、2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)和五氯酚(PCP)等4种不同氯原子取代数目的氯酚类污染物进行光催化降解研究,探讨了底物结构对氯酚脱氯降解效率的影响及机制.结果表明,氯酚脱氯降解过程明显受苯环氯原子取代数目的影响,氯原子数目越多,脱氯降解效率越高,氯原子数目与表观速率常数呈显著正相关,氯酚降解及脱氯速率均为:PCP>2,4,6-TCP>2,4-DCP>4-CP.对CTF-1光催化降解氯酚机制研究表明,活性物种在反应中不起作用,体系反应机制为针对氯酚上取代氯位点进行水解脱氯过程.本研究结果为深入揭示氯酚脱氯降解机制提供了理论依据,也为光催化技术处理卤代酚类废水提供了技术参考. 相似文献
11.
Gaoling Wei Jinhua Zhang Jinqiu Luo Huajian Xue Deyin Huang Zhiyang Cheng Xinbai Jiang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):61
12.
Chengjie Xue Juan Wu Kuang Wang Yunqiang Yi Zhanqiang Fang Wen Cheng Jianzhang Fang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):101
13.
In this study, palladium-loaded titania nanotubes was fabricated on a titanium plate (Pd/TiO2NTs/Ti) for efficient electrodechlorination of 2,4-chlorophenol with a mild pH condition. The nature of Pd/TiO2NTs/Ti electrodes was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The characterization results indicated the generation of Pd0 nanoparticles which were evenly dispersed on titania nanotubes arrays on the Pd/TiO2NTs/Ti surface. An effective degradation efficiency of up to 91% was achieved within 60 min at cathode potential of −0.7 V (vs. SCE) and initial pH of 5.5. The effects of the applied cathode potential and initial pH on the degradation efficiency were studied. A near neutral condition was more favorable since very low and very high pHs were not conducive to the dechlorination process. Furthermore, the intermediates analysis showed that the Pd/TiO2NTs/Ti electrode could completely remove chlorine from 2, 4-dichlorophenol since only phenol was detected as the byproduct and the concentration of released chlorine ions indicated near-complete dechlorination. This work presents a good alternative technique for eliminating persistent chlorophenols in polluted wastewater without maintaining strong acidic environment. 相似文献
14.
Rongbing FU Na MU Xiaopin GUO Zhen XU Dongsu BI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):867
Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) synthesized using sepiolite as a supporter was used to investigate the removal kinetics and mechanisms of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). BDE-209 was rapidly removed by the prepared sepiolite-supported nZVI with a reaction rate that was 5 times greater than that of the conventionally prepared nZVI because of its high surface area and reactivity. The degradation of BDE-209 occurred in a stepwise debromination manner, which followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The removal efficiency of BDE-209 increased with increasing dosage of sepiolite-supported nZVI particles and decreasing pH, and the efficiency decreased with increasing initial BDE-209 concentrations. The presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a cosolvent at certain volume fractions in water influenced the degradation rate of sepiolite-supported nZVI. Debromination pathways of BDE-209 with sepiolite-supported nZVI were proposed based on the identified reaction intermediates, which ranged from nona- to mono-brominated diphenylethers (BDEs) under acidic conditions and nona- to penta-BDEs under alkaline conditions. Adsorption on sepiolite-supported nZVI particles also played a role in the removal of BDE-209. Our findings indicate that the particles have potential applications in removing environmental pollutants, such as halogenated organic contaminants. 相似文献
15.
Chunzhi LI Wenwen WANG Junying ZHANG Hailing ZHU Weiwei ZHANG Tianmin WANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(3):289-293
A layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) micro-grid was deposited on the surface of ZnO film using the DC reactive magnetron sputtering method and the micro-sphere lithography technique on glass substrates. Samples of this layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed the high crystallinity of ZnO film and the regular arrangement of the micro-grid. The microgrid ZnO has a lower specular reflection and a higher diffuse reflection, allowing incident light to reflect two or three times to enhance the usage of light. Photocatalytic degradation experiments on methylene blue using both ZnO micro-grid and ordinary film showed that the ZnO micro-grid has better photo-catalytic properties than ordinary film. The ZnO micro-grid enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO film by 28% with a degradation time of 300 min. 相似文献
16.
Min ZHANG Jian LU Zhencheng XU Yiliang HE Bo ZHANG Song JIN Brian BOMAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):832
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as fire-retardants. Due to their high production volume, widespread usage, and environmental persistence, PBDEs have become ubiquitous contaminants in various environments.Nanoscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) is an effective reductant for many halogenated organic compounds. To enhance the degradation efficiency, ZVI/Palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (nZVI/Pd) were synthesized in this study to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in water. Approximately 90% of BDE209 was rapidly removed by nZVI/Pd within 80 min, whereas about 25% of BDE209 was removed by nZVI. Degradation of BDE209 by nZVI/Pd fits pseudo-first-order kinetics. An increase in pH led to sharply decrease the rate of BDE209 degradation. The degradation rate constant in the treatment with initial pH at 9.0 was more than 6.8 × higher than that under pH 5.0. The degradation intermediates of BDE209 by nZVI/Pd were identified and the degradation pathways were hypothesized. Results from this study suggest that nZVI/Pd may be an effective tool for treating polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water. 相似文献
17.
Xiaoge Huang Lihao Chen Ziqi Ma Kenneth C. Carroll Xiao Zhao Zailin Huo 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):151
18.
The photocatalytic degradation of the organo-phosphorous pesticide phosphamidon at low concentration in aqueous solution on Ag-doped ZnO nanorods was investigated. Nanosized Ag-doped ZnO rods were synthesized by using a microwave assisted aqueous method. High molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol was used as a stabilizing agent. Composition and structure were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD pattern reveals that ZnO nanorods are of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size calculated from Scherrer's relation was found to be 30?nm. The effects of catalyst loading, pH value, and initial concentration of phosphamidon on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency using Ag-doped ZnO nanorods as a photocatalyst have been discussed. The results revealed that Ag-doped ZnO nanorods with a diameter of 30?nm showed highest photocatalytic activity at a surface density of 1?g?dm?3. The catalyst doped with 0.2?mol% Ag is effective for the degradation of phosphamidon with visible light. This opens a new possibility to decompose pesticides that are present in wastewater. 相似文献
19.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZnO薄膜,并通过光电流响应、EIS、SEM、XRD等分析方法对其光电化学性能、表面形貌和结构进行表征.以制备的ZnO薄膜为工作电极对乙酰甲胺磷进行光电催化降解.实验表明,ZnO薄膜电极在UV照射下能够有效地光电催化降解乙酰甲胺磷,加入适量H2O2后具有一定的协同作用.在H2O2浓度为9.908 mmol.L-1,外加电压为1.2 V,支持电解液Na2SO4浓度为0.01 mol.L-1,溶液pH值为5.4的条件下,对0.1 mmol.L-1的乙酰甲胺磷180 min的降解率可达到89.6%. 相似文献
20.
Rong Cheng Yingying Zhang Tao Zhang Feng Hou Xiaoxin Cao Lei Shi Peiwen Jiang Xiang Zheng Jianlong Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(8):108