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1.
Shengjie LIU Manxia ZHANG Xiang LI Xiaojia TANG Lingling ZHANG Yimin ZHU Chengyu YUAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(4):610-614
To fulfill the requirements of Guidelines for approval of ballast water management system (G8), a set of onshore ballast water treatment equipment utilizing micro-pore ceramic filtration (MPCF) and UV radiation (MPCF&UV) system was designed and set up with a maximum flow rate of 80 m3·h-1. Technical feasibilities of MPCF&UV system were evaluated in three areas: removal efficiencies of indicator organism and oceanic bacteria, perdurability of a ceramic filter, and application on native seawater. The results showed that no indicator organism (Dunaliella ) or oceanic bacteria was detected after treatment of 20 L MPCF and UV radiation at 1.3× 104 μW·s·cm-2. A 20 L ceramic filter can run continuously for 5.3 h at the flow rate of 15 m3·h-1 before its pressure drop up to 0.195 MPa. The removal percentage of total plankton amounts were 91.9% at a flow rate of 70 m3·h-1 by 80 L MPCF and UV radiation at 1.3× 104 μW·s·cm-2. 相似文献
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Ying Cai Jun Wu Jian Lu Jianhua Wang Cui Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):96
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Ning Zhang Xiang Liu Rui Liu Tao Zhang Miao Li Zhuoran Zhang Zitao Qu Ziting Yuan Hechun Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):8
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Improvement of the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) analytical method for reclaimed water 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xin ZHAO Hongying HU Shuming LIU Feng JIANG Xiaolei SHI Mingtang LI Xueqiao XU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(4):483-491
Microbial growth is an issue of concern that may cause hygienic and aesthetic problems during the transportation and usage of reclaimed water. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) is an important parameter which determines the heterotrophic bacterial growth potential of water. Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 and Spirillum sp. NOX are widely used to measure AOC in drinking water. The AOC values of various reclaimed water samples determined by P17 and NOX were compared with those determined by the new strains isolated from reclaimed water in this study. It showed that the conventional test strains were not suitable for AOC measurement of reclaimed water in certain cases. In addition to P17 and NOX, Stenotrophomonas sp. ZJ2, Pseudomonas saponiphila G3 and Enterobacter sp. G6, were selected as test strains for AOC measurement of reclaimed water. Key aspects of the bioassay including inoculum cell density, incubation temperature, incubation time and the pH of samples were evaluated for the newly selected test strains. Higher inoculum density (104 CFU·mL-1) and higher incubation temperature (25°C) could reduce the time required for the tests. The AOC results of various collected samples showed the advantages of the method proposed based on those five strains in evaluating the biologic stability of reclaimed water. 相似文献
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Kang XIAO Ying XU Shuai LIANG Ting LEI Jianyu SUN Xianghua WEN Hongxun ZHANG Chunsheng CHEN Xia HUANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(6):805-819
China has been the forerunner of large-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) application. Since the first large-scale MBR (≥ 10 000 m^3·d^-1) was put into operation in 2006, the engineering implementation of MBR in China has attained tremendous development. This paper outlines the commercial application of MBR since 2006 and provides a variety of engineering statistical data, covering the fields of municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and polluted surface water treatment. The total treatment capacity of MBRs reached 1× 10^6 m^3·d^-1 in 2010, and has currently exceeded 4.5 × 10^6 m^3·d^-1 with -75% of which pertaining to municipal wastewater treatment. The anaerobic/anoxic/aerobie-MBR and its derivative processes have been the most popular in the large-scale municipal application, with the process features and typical ranges of parameters also presented in this paper. For the treatment of various types of industrial wastewater, the configurations of the MBR-based processes are delineated with representative engineering cases. In view of the significance of the cost issue, statistics of capital and operating costs are also provided, including cost structure and energy composition. With continuous stimulation from the environmental stress, political propulsion, and market demand in China, the total treatment capacity is expected to reach 7.5 × 10^6 m^3·d^-1 by 2015 and a further expansion of the market is foreseeable in the next five years. However, MBR application is facing several challenges, such as the relatively high energy consumption. Judging MBR features and seeking suitable application areas should be of importance for the long-term development of this technology. 相似文献
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Mourin Jarin Zeou Dou Haiping Gao Yongsheng Chen Xing Xie 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):16
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The internal nutrient load from bottom sediment to the water column of a Louisiana Barataria Basin lake (Lake Cataouatche) receiving diverted Mississippi River water was determined. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), ammonium (NH4-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) flux from sediment to water column were measured. The DRP flux averaged-0.22 mg m-2 d-1 under aerobic water column conditions, as compared with that 3.29 mg m-2 d-1 under anaerobic conditions. The average NH4-N released under anaerobic conditions (1.42 mg m-2 d-1) was significantly greater than rates under aerobic conditions (-0.02 mg m-2 d-1), indicating a strong relationship between nutrient flux and oxygen availability in the water column. The average NO3-N flux was 2.13 mg m-2 d-1 under aerobic conditions as compared with-0.24 mg m-2 d-1 under anaerobic conditions in the sediment-water column. When the water column maintained under anaerobic conditions was switched to aerobic conditions, the DRP, NH4-N, and NO3-N concentrations in overlying water decreased rapidly over a short period of time. The mean annual internal DRP and NH4-N load from the sediment to the overlying water was estimated to be 69.26 and 29.9 tonnes (Mg) yr-1 respectively, which represents a significant portion of the total nutrient load to the Lake. Results demonstrate that the internal flux of nutrients from sediments can contribute a significant portion of the total nutrient load to the water column and should be considered in decisions on impact of nutrient in diverted Mississippi River on water quality of Barataria Basin. 相似文献
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Huan HE Bo TANG Cheng SUN Shaogui YANG Weijuan ZHENG Zichun HUA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(3):409-416
High-affinity and specific monoclonal antibodies against cadmium-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) complex have been produced using the hybridoma technique. A hapten was synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Vis. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative detection of cadmium in aqueous sample was developed. The monoclonal antibody with high level of binding affinity for Cd-IEDTA-BSA and high specificity for soluble Cd-EDTA complex showed less than 0.99% cross-reactivity with other 11 metals. The limit of detection was 0.10 μg·L-1, and the effective linear range was 10-1–103 μg·L-1. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient variations were 1.5%–6.3% and 3.2%–7.4%, respectively. The spike recovery in different water samples were between 98.5% and 110.3%. The detection limit of this assay was well below the allowable concentration of cadmium (3 μg·L-1), and the working range was wider than that of other methods which showed the range of 2.19–86.38 and 0–103 μg·L-1. The competitive ELISA established in this paper was sensitive and accurate in the screening of cadmium in aqueous samples. The results will lay a solid foundation for construction of an immunoassay kit for cadmium. 相似文献
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Dongmei JIANG Xiaoshun LI Futian QU Mingyan LI Shaoliang ZHANG Yunlong GONG Xiaoping SHI Xin CHEN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(2):298
Since the reform and opening-up, China’s economy has achieved remarkable development and so does the urbanization. However, there is an unavoidable contradiction between urban sprawl and the protection of arable land and the environment. By redefining the urban sprawl boundary, this paper is to provide a solution for the conflict above on the China’s urbanization context. The ideal boundary, moderate boundary and limit boundary are defined for urban sprawl in space. Taking Nanjing city as a case, the three urban sprawl boundaries are estimated in this paper based on the calculation of agricultural land resources value in Nanjing. The results show that 1) the integrated value of agricultural (cultivated) land resources in Nanjing is 1.55 × 107 CNY·hm−2, the economic value accounts for only 8.74% of the integrated value, while 91.26% of the integrated value has not revealed itself due to the existing institutional arrangements, policy distortions, and imperfect land market; 2) it is difficult to define the ideal and moderate boundaries due to the relatively low price of North Nanjing. In South Nanjing the land price is expensive and the ideal, moderate and limit boundaries are expanded to Jiangning, Qixia, and Yuhuatai; 3) the city scale of South Nanjing should be limited within 5.82 × 104 hm2, which is roughly the same as the designated size of 5.81 × 104 hm2 in the urban planning. It is suggested that the rational scope of urban expansion should be controlled within the moderate boundary. 相似文献
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Effects of humic acid on residual Al control in drinking water treatment plants with orthophosphate addition 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wendong WANG Hua LI Zhenzhen DING Xiaochang WANG Rui LIU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(4):470-476
This study aimed to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) on residual Al control in drinking water facilities that used orthophosphate addition. The results showed that adding orthophosphate was an effective method for residual Al control for the raw water without HA. When orthophosphate was added at 1.0 min before the addition of poly aluminum chloride (PACl), the concentrations of soluble aluminum (Sol-Al) and total aluminum (Tot-Al) residue were 0.08 and 0.086 mg·L-1, respectively; both were reduced by 46% compared with the control experiment. The presence of HA would notably increase the residual Al concentration. For the raw water with 5 mg·L-1 of HA, the concentrations of Sol-Al and Tot-Al increased from 0.136 and 0.174 mg·L-1 to 0.172 and 0.272 mg·L-1, respectively. For water with a HA concentration above 5 mg·L-1, orthophosphate was ineffective in the control of residual Al, though there were still parts of orthophosphate were removed in coagulation. The amounts of Al removal were positively correlated with the solids freshly formed in coagulation. Similar to the raw water without HA, the best Al control was obtained with orthophosphate salt added at 1.0 min before PACl. HA concentrations in the raw water, solution pH, and the orthophosphate dosage suitable for residual Al control by orthophosphate precipitation were also investigated. 相似文献
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Siyu Chen Lee Blaney Ping Chen Shanshan Deng Mamatha Hopanna Yixiang Bao Gang Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):59
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Menghao Chen Liangliang Shi Gang Liu Xiaojin Wu Yun Lu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):95
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Haitao WANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(6):833-835
The outdoor smog chamber was used to thorough investigate the rate constants of gas-phase reaction between dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and ozone (O3) under conditions of relative humidity 55.0%-67.8% at (296±2)K for the first time. The rate constants were measured, at a total pressure of 1 atm, to be (10.4±0.2) × 10^-19 cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1 at relative humidity of 67.5%±0.3% at 298K, (10.1±0.1) × 10^-19cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1 at relative humidity of 66.5%±0.5% at 296K, (7.75±0.39) × 10^-19cm^3·molecule^-1·s^-1 at relative humidity of 64.8%± 0.1% at 294K and (3.42±0.21) × 10^-19cm^3·molecu- le^-1·s^-1at relative humidity of 55.8%±0.8% at 295K. Base on these results, it is possible to see the reaction of O3/ DMS in the presence of water vapor as an important sink for DMS in the earth atmosphere. 相似文献
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The concentration of 210Po, an alpha emitter from the natural uranium series was measured in the soft tissues (total), shell, and different organs - digestive glands, gills, mantle and foot - of the freshwater mussel, Parreysia favidens (Benson), collected from the river Kaveri, at Tiruchirapalli in South India. the analyses were made in three size groups based on shell length (Group 1: 2-4 cm; Group 2: 4-5 cm; Group 3: 5-6 cm). the soft tissues of the mussel accumulated higher concentrations of 210Po (74.0-125.5 Bq kg-1 fresh) than the shell (2.9-3.9 Bq kg-1 fresh). Further, younger mussels (1 group) showed higher concentrations (125.5+2.0 Bq kg-1 fresh) in total soft tissues than older ones (III Group) (74.0+1.6 Bq kg-1 fresh); concentration factors were 1.59x 105 in I group and 9.37 × 104 in III group. the 210Po was observed to be non-uniformly distributed among the internal organs, which maintained the following descending order with reference to 210Po accumulation: digestive glands, ranging from 286.2+3.5 Bq kg-1 fresh to 43+1.3 Bq kg-1 fresh. the concentration of 210Po in the mussels was distinctly higher than that in the grass, Echinochloa colonum (J. Koenig), and carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosa (Bloch), from the same river. These data indicate that younger mussels could be used as an excellent biological indicator of 210Po and among soft tissues, digestive glands are preferable to other tissues to monitor the distribution of 210Po in the riverine system. 相似文献
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高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测水体中26种药物及个人护理品 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过优化固相萃取条件和高效液相色谱-串联质谱参数,建立了可以同时检测地表水和地下水中26种典型药物及个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs),包括磺胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、酰胺醇类、精神类、消炎止痛类以及个人护理品的检测方法.通过将水样pH值调节至7,利用HLB固相萃取柱对水样中PPCPs进行富集,以甲醇和含0.005%甲酸的水溶液作为正离子模式流动相,甲醇和含0.5 mmol·L-1乙酸铵的水溶液作为负离子模式流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测的质谱扫描模式(MRM)分析测定.26种PPCPs的检出限为0.007—1.78 ng·L-1,定量限为0.02—5.68 ng·L-1,回收率为52.28%—115.24%.利用该方法检测北京潮白河地表水和地下水中PPCPs的浓度,结果表明,地表水中PPCPs的含量普遍高于地下水,磺胺甲恶唑、舒必利、咖啡因、卡马西平和布洛芬在地表水和地下水中的含量相对较高,检测浓度分别高达147.83、52.48、78.35、166.58、30.63 ng·L-1. 相似文献
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Chao HE Zhaolin GU Shucheng YANG Jidong LIANG Weina DAI Yanling HE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(4):466-474
China’s paper production reached 79.8 ×106 t in 2008 and ranked number one in the world. Because of its high consumption of water, energy and materials and its serious pollution, the present processes are not likely to be sustainable. An alternative, the closed Water Loop-Papermaking Integration (WLPI) method, is put forward in this paper. The WLPI method can be realized in a recycled paper mill by adding technologies and using recycled water. Many industrial case studies have shown that a large quantity of water, energy and materials can be saved, and the quantity of waste sludge and wastewater discharge was minimized by using the WLPI method. The design of the water reuse system, control of calcium hardness, water recycling and minimal waste sludge are discussed. Anaerobic technology plays an important role in the WLPI method to lower cost, energy use and waste. In the brown paper and coated white board production, zero-effluent discharge can be realized. Fresh water consumption is only 1–2 m3·t-1. For the paper mills with deinking and bleaching processes, about 10 m3·t-1 of fresh water and a similar amount of effluent discharge are needed. Power saving using anaerobic technology is 70% when recycled water is used in comparison with the conventional activated sludge process. Waste sludge can be decreased to about 5% of the initial process due to reuse of the waste sludge and the lower bio-sludge production of the anaerobic process. 相似文献