首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
褐煤经磺化及碱化处理对重金属离子吸附性能研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
张怀成  王在峰 《环境化学》1999,18(5):482-487
褐煤经磺化和碱化处理对褐煤吸附重金属的性能影响显著,通过对金属离子Cu^2+,Pb^2+,Zn^2+,Cd^2+,Ni^2+的单组分或多组分溶液进行吸附研究,对比了吸附速率、吸附容量、吸附选择性、耐酸性以及抗干扰能力等方面的差异,探讨了磺化褐煤和碱化褐煤对重金属离子的吸附机理,指出了今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

2.
酵母融合菌的完整细胞、细胞壁、细胞内含物富集水体中的铬,比较了各组分对铬离子的吸附能力差异,并进行了模型拟合.结果表明:细胞壁的去除率和吸附量都明显高于完整细胞;完整细胞及细胞壁对铬的吸附均符合Freundlich和Langmuir热力学方程,且细胞壁对Cr6 的最大吸附量和吸附亲和力都大于完整细胞,说明细胞壁是该吸附剂吸附重金属离子的主要部位.同时利用多种分析手段研究了各组分对铬的吸附行为:酵母细胞壁的特殊结构以及AFM图显示细胞壁可以为活性基团吸附、络合或螯合金属离子提供更为广阔的空间;X-射线衍射和FTIR分析检测表明吸附剂对铬的吸附并未破坏其本身的结构.  相似文献   

3.
有机沸石对水中BTEX及铬酸根离子的吸附   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
刘莺  刘学良  王俊德 《环境化学》2003,22(4):373-376
以天然沸石作为对比物 ,考察了有机沸石对水中BTEX (苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯 )及铬酸根离子的吸附性能 .结果表明 :有机沸石对水中BTEX和铬酸根离子的吸附性能较天然沸石有了很大提高 ,在低质量浓度范围 ( 0— 0 2 5g·l- 1 )内呈现良好的线性关系 .对铬酸根离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型 ,1 5℃时的饱和吸附容量为 1 5 97g·kg- 1 .  相似文献   

4.
改性泥炭对水溶液中铬的去除   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
为克服泥炭利用过程中存在的一些问题,对原泥炭进行了改性处理,并将改性后的泥炭与树脂结合以增强改性泥炭的机械强度。通过静态试验方法研究了改性泥炭对来自水溶液中的铬离子的吸附特性。结果表明:改性泥炭对水溶液中的铬的吸附等温过程符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,其吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程。溶液的pH值对铬的去除产生显著的影响,在pH在1.5-3.0时,改性泥炭对6价铬的去除效果最好。  相似文献   

5.
改性不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯是一种具有室温稳定性并对重金属离子有较高吸附率的廉价离子交换剂。其吸附容量为0.44—1.60mN/gIISX,该交换剂对锌离子的螯合比为2:1,对铬(Ⅲ),镍离子为1:1.用稀酸可使IISX再生,并同时回收重金属。  相似文献   

6.
阳离子表面活性剂用量对改性沸石吸附铬酸根的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用不同量阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对天然沸石改性,并制备不同改性程度的改性沸石,测定沸石对CTAB的吸附量,比较几种沸石对铬酸根的吸附性能及其与改性沸石胶体Zeta电位的关系,探讨沸石对铬酸根的吸附机制及沸石再生后对铬酸根的吸附能力.结果表明,随着CTAB加入量的增加,它在沸石表面的吸附量显著增加,制备的改性沸石对铬酸根吸附性能显著提高.改性后沸石胶体的Zeta电位由负变正,而且随着CTAB用量的增加,Zeta电位正值增加.铬酸根在改性沸石表面的吸附量随离子强度增加而减小,而且改性沸石吸附的铬酸根大部分可以被中性盐解吸,说明铬酸根的吸附以静电作用机制为主.改性剂用量在0.15~0.3 mol·kg-1范围内,改性沸石再生后仍对铬酸根有很好的吸附性能,可以循环使用.  相似文献   

7.
龙口褐煤对Ni^2+,Mn^2+,Hg^2+等重金属离子的吸附特性   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
邓昌亮  王鲁敏 《环境化学》1999,18(2):178-182
本文以龙口褐煤作吸附剂,对重金属离子Ni^2,Mn^2+,Hg^2+的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究,探讨了吸附剂的吸附性能,影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明:褐煤对Ni^2+,Mn^2+,Hg^2+的吸附均表现出Langmuir特征,PH值是影响吸附的一个重要因素。  相似文献   

8.
徐仁扣  蔡红涛  肖双成  王强盛 《生态环境》2004,13(4):542-543,552
用一次平衡法研究了CrO4^2-对两种可变电荷土壤吸附钾的影响,用火焰光度法测定平衡溶液中的钾,根据差减法计算土壤对钾的吸附量。结果表明,加入铬酸根能增加土壤对钾的吸附量。铬酸根对钾吸附的影响程度与土壤游离氧化铁含量和土壤对铬酸根的吸附量的大小有关。砖红壤游离氧化铁含量高于红壤,它对铬酸根的吸附量也大于红壤,因此,铬酸根对砖红壤吸附钾的影响程度大于红壤。CrO4^2-主要通过自身的吸附增加土壤的表面净负电荷,并从而增加土壤对钾的吸附量。  相似文献   

9.
王校常  曹志洪 《环境化学》1996,15(5):410-414
在实验室条件下,对铬在重复污染时的吸附解吸特征作了初步研究。结果表明:随吸附次数增加,其吸附量有减少趋势,但淤泥中总的吸附量增加,在浓度〉10μg.ml^-1时,经三次吸附,体系pH有所下降,导致吸附量急增。淤泥中的吸附铬极不易解吸;而高吸附量的淤泥在二次解吸时有解吸现象发生,但数量极小。  相似文献   

10.
泥炭和褐煤对Zn^2+,Cu^2+,Pb^2+等重金属离子的吸附特征   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11  
顾健民  丁德润 《环境化学》1996,15(4):343-346
利用天然有机吸附剂泥炭和褐煤对重金属离子Zn^2+,Cu^2+,Pb^2+的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究。对吸附模型,吸附时间,不同吸附剂投放量,金属离子种类等给予表征,基本符合Langmuir吸附等温线。  相似文献   

11.
微生物降解褐煤产生的腐植酸化学特性研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本文对微生物降解褐煤产生的腐植酸的化学特性进行了分析.结果表明,褐煤经微生物降解后其腐植酸与降解前相比,氢和氧百分含量增加,碳百分含量减少,分子量减小 ,而絮凝极限明显增大,红外吸收光谱也发生明显变化.  相似文献   

12.
Three fly ashes from Greece, produced from lignite burning, proved efficient in removing phosphate from solution. Maximum amounts of phosphate removed ranged from 0.064 to 0.099 mmol PO3 4 per g of material. Fly ashes that contained higher amounts of calcite and anhydrite seemed to be better sinks for phosphate. From the various adsorption isotherm equations tested, the Langmuir equation described phosphate sorption satisfactorily. Although, the exact mechanism of phosphate sorption could not be revealed, it is believed that it involved an adsorption and/or precipitation process.  相似文献   

13.
The Pliocene lignite hypothesis is an environmental hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). Aqueous leaching experiments were conducted on a variety of coal samples in order to simulate groundwater leaching of organic compounds, and to further test the role of the Pliocene lignite hypothesis in the etiology of BEN. Experiments were performed on lignite coal samples from endemic BEN areas in Romania and Serbia, and lignite and bituminous coals from nonendemic regions in Romania and the USA. Room temperature, hot water bath, and Soxhlet aqueous extraction experiments were conducted between 25 and 80 °C, and from 5 to 128 days in duration. A greater number of organic compounds and in higher concentrations were present in all three types of leaching experiments involving endemic area Pliocene lignite samples compared to all other coals examined. A BEN causing molecule or molecules may be among phenols, PAHs, benzenes, and/or lignin degradation compounds. The proposed transport pathway of the Pliocene lignite hypothesis for organic compound exposure from endemic area Pliocene lignite coals to well and spring drinking water, is likely. Aromatic compounds leached by groundwater from Pliocene lignite deposits in the vicinity of endemic BEN areas may play a role in the etiology of the disease. A better understanding of organic compounds leached by groundwater from Pliocene lignite deposits may potentially lead to the identification and implementation of effective strategies for the prevention of exposure to the causative agent(s) for BEN, and in turn, prevention of the disease.  相似文献   

14.
Oxidised lignite is a potential alternative source of N fertilizers. Ammonoxidation is the reaction of a given substrate with oxygen in aqueous ammonia. Lignite ammonoxidation is used for converting low-rank lignite into slowly nitrogen-releasing artificial humic matter. A lignite sample is compared before and after ammonoxidation in terms of geochemical and petrological properties, as well as the acid–base and physical hydrophobic sorptive behavior. The most obvious change caused by ammonoxidation is the decrease of attrinite, texto-ulminite and textinite in favor mainly of densinite and gelohuminite. In general, the ammonoxidative reactions promote the destruction of the structured humic macerals (texto-ulminite, textinite), and the formation of gels, which resulted in the cementation of the freely fine humic particles (attrinite). The pzc values are 3.4 and 4.3 for oxidised and non-oxidised lignite, respectively. After ammonoxidation the contents of carboxylic and free phenolic groups are found to be lower. The oxidised lignite shows a statistically lower sorptive capacity and affinity than the original sample due to a possible decrease in the hydrophobicity of the lignite.  相似文献   

15.
In May and September, 2002, 14 private residential drinking water wells, one dewatering well at a lignite mine, eight surface water sites, and lignite from an active coal mine were sampled in five Parishes of northwestern Louisiana, USA. Using a geographic information system (GIS), wells were selected that were likely to draw water that had been in contact with lignite; control wells were located in areas devoid of lignite deposits. Well water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, organic compounds, and nutrient and anion concentrations. All samples were further tested for presence of fungi (cultures maintained for up to 28 days and colonies counted and identified microscopically) and for metal and trace element concentration by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry. Surface water samples were tested for dissolved oxygen and presence of pathogenic leptospiral bacteria. The Spearman correlation method was used to assess the association between the endpoints for these field/laboratory analyses and incidence of cancer of the renal pelvis (RPC) based on data obtained from the Louisiana Tumor Registry for the five Parishes included in the study. Significant associations were revealed between the cancer rate and the presence in drinking water of organic compounds, the fungi Zygomycetes, the nutrients PO4 and NH3, and 13 chemical elements. Presence of human pathogenic leptospires was detected in four out of eight (50%) of the surface water sites sampled. The present study of a stable rural population examined possible linkages between aquifers containing chemically reactive lignite deposits, hydrologic conditions favorable to the␣leaching and transport of toxic organic compounds from the lignite into the groundwater, possible microbial contamination, and RPC risk.  相似文献   

16.
袁敏  林志荣  徐仁扣 《生态环境》2012,(7):1319-1324
采用批平衡法,研究了不同温度下环丙氨嗪在Aldrich胡敏酸中的吸附与解吸特征。结果表明:环丙氨嗪吸附和解吸过程都包含极快速、快速和缓慢阶段。伪二级动力学方程能较好地描述不同温度下环丙氨嗪的吸附动力学特性,表明吸附速率决定于胡敏酸表面吸附位点的可用度,而不是溶液中环丙氨嗪的浓度。环丙氨嗪在极快速吸附阶段的吸附速率随温度的升高而增大,但平衡时的吸附量却随温度的增加而降低。吸附等温线和解吸曲线符合Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程。环丙氨嗪在胡敏酸上的解吸速率小于吸附速率,表明存在滞后效应。吸附焓变、熵变和自由能都为负值,表明环丙氨嗪在胡敏酸上的吸附是一个自发、熵减小的放热过程。-Go〈40 kJ.mol^-1表明环丙氨嗪在胡敏酸表面以物理吸附为主。  相似文献   

17.
Humic acids (HAs) are formed during decomposition of organic matter. Their adsorption, dispersion or emulsification properties attract the interest of medical science and pharmacy. The aim of this work was to study antimutagenic effects of processed HA. Yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 was first used for HA antimutagenicity testing. The highest antimutagenic activity was found in potassium and sodium humates. Humates isolated from lignite pre-treated by HNO3 exhibited slightly lower antimutagenic activity; this effect is caused probably by their higher oxidation degree. Sodium humate processed at 250°C exhibited genotoxic effect, which is probably connected with accelerated formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion by HA at higher temperature.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号