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1.
应用模式生物-秀丽隐杆线虫研究金属纳米镍的生殖发育毒性.采用20 nm和90 nm镍分别以2.5和5.0 μg·cm2两个剂量对秀丽隐杆线虫进行染毒,并以微米镍和生理盐水作对照,采用后代数目、世代时间、形态和体长、寿命和半数致死率等生殖发育相关评价指标,对纳米镍生殖发育毒性进行评价.结果发现,与生理盐水对照组和微米镍组比较,秀丽线虫暴露于20 nm和90 nm镍的两个剂量组后,均表现出生殖和发育的异常(P)<0.01),并有剂量依赖性.且90 nm镍暴露对秀丽线虫后代数目、世代时间、形态和体长、寿命和半数致死天数等指标的缺陷作用均显著于20 nm镍.研究表明,纳米镍可影响秀丽线虫的生殖和发育功能,这一效应与纳米粒径和暴露浓度有关.此结论可为制定纳米镍的接触限值标准提供参考.  相似文献   

2.
纳米二氧化硅对秀丽线虫的毒性作用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探讨二氧化硅纳米颗粒(SiNP)的毒性作用.以微米SiO2和空白做对照,将尺寸为20和60 nm的SiNP分别以0.2,1.0和5.0 g·L-13个浓度对模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫进行染毒.通过第一代和第二代线虫体长、身体弯曲频率、头部摆动频率以及第一代线虫后代数目、世代时间等发育、运动和生殖的相关评价指标,对SiNP毒...  相似文献   

3.
利用模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,C.elegans)对玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)暴露导致的生殖、发育缺陷在世代间的可传递性进行了研究。对亲代染毒,后代断毒恢复,实验结果显示,ZEN暴露导致的体长发育缺陷可在线虫后代中得到恢复,而生殖毒性可产生严重缺陷,且这种缺陷在后代中没有明显的恢复。通过多代持续染毒实验,发现ZEN对亲代P0、子一代F1和子二代F2线虫产生的生殖和发育毒性存在差异,其毒性作用强度为P0F2F1。线虫世代之间的发育缺陷和生殖缺陷表现出逐代修复的规律,但修复程度不同,推测与线虫自身修复的复杂应激活动有关。  相似文献   

4.
利用模式生物秀丽线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)对铬(Cr)暴露导致的多重毒性及其在世代间的可传递性进行了研究.发育、生殖、运动行为、行为可塑性与寿命等方面的参数被用于多重毒性的分析.结果表明,Cr能够导致线虫出现多种表型和行为缺陷.低浓度(2.5μmol·L-1)Cr暴露即可导致发育、生殖与寿命上的严重缺陷,而高浓度(75和200μmol·L-1)Cr暴露还可以导致运动行为与行为可塑性上的严重缺陷.而且,大部分高浓度Cr暴露导致的缺陷可以从暴露当代传递到后代,使后代仍然呈现出严重的表型与行为缺陷.在这些后代中,各表型与行为缺陷只能得到有限的恢复,或没有明显的恢复.因此,就秀丽线虫而言,Cr暴露导致的各表型与行为缺陷很大程度上可以从暴露当代传递到后代个体中.  相似文献   

5.
论文研究了丙烯酰胺(acrylamide,AA)低剂量多代持续暴露对模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,C.elegans)的发育、生殖、寿命和捕食行为能力的影响。将线虫暴露于不同剂量水平的AA中,检测对当代线虫的发育周期、后代数量、寿命和捕食行为的影响,结果显示,1.0 mmol·L~(-1)AA水平可诱发当代线虫发育周期延长和后代数量减少(P 0.05),0.05mmol·L~(-1)和0.001 mmol·L~(-1)水平可分别诱发捕食行为能力下降和寿命缩短(P0.05)。进一步选取对当代线虫不产生明显损伤效应的AA剂量,将线虫进行多代持续暴露处理,结果显示,0.01 mmol·L~(-1)AA分别可在第2代g1和第3代g2诱发发育周期延长和后代数量减少(P0.05),0.005 mmol·L~(-1)AA可在第2代g1引起摄食行为能力下降,0.0001 mmol·L~(-1)(约7μg·L~(-1),低于推测人的平均AA暴露水平)的AA在第2代g1即可诱发寿命缩短(P0.05)。以上结果表明AA生物学毒性可以在后代间积累,极低剂量AA多代持续暴露仍可诱发生物学损伤。  相似文献   

6.
环境雌激素玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的生态安全性近年来受到越来越多的关注。以秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabdites elegans)为模式生物研究ZEN对线虫的生殖损伤作用。在DIC显微镜下观察,48 h暴露后与对照组相比,暴露组线虫性腺臂明显萎缩,卵母细胞数目和大小均受到显著影响(P0.01),并且可见部分暴露组线虫产卵器严重畸形。这均表明ZEN暴露对秀丽隐杆线虫生殖系统的发育和功能可产生损害作用。  相似文献   

7.
利用模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)研究了电晕法空气负离子(Electrically generated negative air ions,ENIs)暴露的生物学效应.将成年野生型和mev-1突变型线虫及新鲜虫卵持续暴露于空气负离子中(空气负离子剂量1×105~1.5×105ions·cm-3),观察空气负离子暴露对线虫发育周期、寿命、繁殖性能和性腺细胞凋亡的影响.结果表明:空气负离子暴露可显著加速野生型和mev-1突变型线虫发育(p<0.05),缩短寿命(p<0.05),与野生型相比,空气负离子暴露对mev-1突变线虫寿命影响更大(p<0.05);空气负离子暴露可显著降低线虫后代数量(p<0.05),原因可能在于空气负离子暴露显著诱导性腺细胞凋亡的增加(p<0.05).以上结果表明,持续空气负离子暴露对线虫具有损伤作用,mev-1基因突变导致线虫对空气负离子暴露更加敏感.  相似文献   

8.
砷与农药草甘膦、敌敌畏对秀丽隐杆线虫的联合毒性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
农田常遭受砷和农药污染,这2种污染会产生联合毒性,影响生物体健康。利用野生型秀丽隐杆线虫进行砷、草甘膦和敌敌畏的24h单一毒性和联合毒性实验。结果表明,砷、草甘膦和敌敌畏对秀丽隐杆线虫24h-LC50分别为130.5mg·L-1、18.5mg·L-1、3.3μL·L-1;通过等效毒性相加法实验,发现砷与草甘膦对秀丽隐杆线虫的联合毒性为协同作用,砷与敌敌畏对秀丽隐杆线虫的联合毒性为拮抗作用。  相似文献   

9.
量子点(quantum dots,QD)作为一种纳米微晶体,由于其出色的光学特性,已经被广泛应用于电子、生物医学成像、生物传感器和药物递送中,因而量子点的生物安全性也变得至关重要.秀丽隐杆线虫作为一种简单的生物模型,生物学基础完善、生命周期短、繁殖量大、生活特征易获得,不仅可以提供全动物水平的生理相关数据,还允许在单细胞水平上进行分析,是量子点毒性试验的良好生物模型.本文总结了量子点对秀丽隐杆线虫毒性研究的进展,重点阐述了量子点导致线虫四大系统的毒性效应及其可能的毒作用机制,同时展望了今后秀丽隐杆线虫在量子点毒性研究甚至纳米毒性研究领域的广阔前景.  相似文献   

10.
研究重组人金属硫蛋白Ⅲα短肽(rh-MT-Ⅲα)致HaCaT细胞、L929细胞和秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,C.ele-gans)毒性效应,为rh-MT-Ⅲα的安全应用提供实验基础.细胞暴露于不同浓度的rh-MT-Ⅲα溶液(0~400μg·mL-1),24h后检测细胞存活率和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,观察细胞形态并检测细胞凋亡情况.结果表明,各剂量组2种细胞的存活率,与对照组相比均无显著性差异,细胞形态也未观察到显著变化.在400μg·mL-1浓度下,LDH释放率明显增加,细胞凋亡率上升.线虫实验中,将线虫培养并同步化至L1期后进行染毒,剂量为5、50和500 μg·mL-1,暴露48 h后检测其运动行为(头部摆动和身体弯曲频率)、发育(体长)及摄食行为(咽泵频率),各指标均未有明显改变.研究表明,在一定的剂量水平下,rh-MT-Ⅲα对HaCaT细胞、L929细胞和秀丽隐杆线虫无明显毒性效应.  相似文献   

11.
《生态毒理学报》2006,1(1):93-95
<正>王子健,男,1953年10月出生,博士,研究员,博士生导师.1976年中国科技大学毕业后到中科院生态环境研究中心工作.1983-1985年在瑞士留学,从事水质污染化学规律研究;1987年在日本从事生物样品生理活性物质分析方法研究. 1992-2000年担任中科院生态环境研究中心环境水化学国家重点实验室副主任、主任,兼环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室学术委员会委员,国家863计划污染控制技术主题专家组副组长,国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部第二届咨询专家委员会委员,国际环境地球化学与健康学会亚太分会理事,全球环境基金专家库成员等.同时担任环境科学学报(副主编)、过程工程学报、环境化学、湿地研究、地球与环境、美国Environmental Science and Health(A)等杂志的编委.王子健领导的研究小组主要研究天然水体和水处理过程中的水质转化、相关毒性和毒理变化以及健康和生态风险.内容包括发展新的环境监测技术,离体和活体生物毒性测试方法,污染物水体多介质过程,水质安全性评价以及水污染的健康和生态风险的指标和方法.在开发新型生物模拟采样技术和生物毒性测试方法体系、生活饮用水和再生水的安全性评价、持久性有毒污染物污染及其生态与健康影响等方面取得了丰硕的成果,相当一部分成果得到推广应用.  相似文献   

12.
利用过滤的天然珍珠养殖水参照BG11配制加富培养液,将1株能促进鱼害微囊藻生长的微小杆菌属菌株(Exiguobacterium sp.013,简写为E.sp.013)进行纯化扩大培养后与铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、水华微囊藻(Microcystis flosaquae)、平裂藻(Merismopedia sp.)和惠氏微囊藻(Microcystis wesenbergii)按一定菌、藻密度比例同时接种后进行为期24 d的培养试验,利用特定生长率和细胞密度等指标观察并检验E.sp.013菌株对4种蓝藻生长的影响,同时检测培养液中优势菌群的数量变化趋势.结果表明:E.sp.013菌对铜绿微囊藻、水华微囊藻和惠氏微囊藻具有显著促生长和延长稳定生长期作用,对平裂藻不具有显著促生长作用,但对延长其稳定生长期具有显著效果;试验培养过程中E.sp.013菌落数量占所有菌落总数的比例始终高于46%,处于绝对优势地位,表明E.sp.013菌具有调控其他菌群的能力.  相似文献   

13.
The induction of metamorphosis in mature larvae by selected chemical compounds and natural substrata was investigated in two species of sea urchins from the Sea of Japan, Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Scaphechinus mirabilis. Glutamine in crystalline form was added directly to water containing mature larvae, and this compound, at a final concentration of 10 g ml-1, was an inducer of metamorphosis in S. intermedius (100% activity) and S. mirabilis (50% activity). Gutamine, or its natural mimetic molecules, may be an active component of the exogenous cue that induces metamorphosis of S. intermedius larvae. This exogenous cue was produced by the epiphytic calcareous algae, Melobesia spp. that colonized the older sea grass Zostera marina. Glutamic acid was also used as an inducer of metamorphosis for S. intermedius and S. mirabilis larvae (50 to 60% activity), but it was toxic to the larvae.  相似文献   

14.
目前常用降水量乘以降水入渗补给系数的方法计算降水入渗补给量,此法不能表现降水特征、蒸发等因素对降水入渗补给的影响.为解决不同时间尺度、不同降水特征和蒸发情况下的降水入渗补给量,在分析郑州地下水均衡试验场地中渗透仪实测入渗量、降水和蒸发资料的基础上,利用均匀设计法选取最优的与降水入渗补给量关系密切的前期降水量和蒸发量的期次,然后利用回归分析建立各岩性和埋深的年、月和日尺度上的降水入渗函数,可以比较准确的计算降水入渗补给量.表3,参9.  相似文献   

15.
南京城市西部历史时期是城市的重要边界,现在逐渐演变成老城与新区之间的核心地带,成为公共活动的重要地区,保护其自然、文化遗产和生态环境具有非常重要的意义。在对其现状调查分析的基础上,梳理遗产点的历史概况、现状及其分布情况,提出规划遗产廊道的意义,探讨规划的具体思路,为南京遗产保护提供了新的视角。  相似文献   

16.
Adsorption potential of a commercial activated carbon (FS300) has been evaluated for the uptake of cationic dyes namely methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB). Though, there are numerous studies in literature which report the sorption of MB (more than 40 studies) and RB (more than 10), however none of these use a common parameter to report the capacity of the sorbent. A protocol, based on the equilibrium dye concentration has been proposed to measure the sorption potential of a sorbent. The Langmuir model can very well describe the experimental equilibrium data for both dyes (coefficient of correlation > 0.999). MB (Qm = 312.5 mg g(-1)) is more adsorbable than the RB (Qm = 144.9 mg g(-1)). Molecular weight and chemical structure of dye molecules seem to affect the dye uptake. The effect of pH on dye uptake has also been evaluated by varyingpH from 3 to 11. Uptake of MB increases with pH, wherein RB removal decreases with pH. Dyes could not be desorbed either by distilled water (0.06 and 0.11% for MB and RB respectively), or by 0.1 NHCl (0.136 and 3.0% for MB and RB respectively) indicating, chemical adsorption type of adsorbent-adsorbate interactions.  相似文献   

17.
18.
M. G. Hoskin 《Marine Biology》1997,127(4):647-656
 In south-eastern Australia, the prosobranch gastropods Morula marginalba (Blainville), Cominella lineolata (Lamarck) and Bedeva hanleyi (Angas) have similar fine-scale distributions, but appear to possess very different dispersal capabilities due to contrasting modes of larval development. M.marginalba produce planktonic larvae, whereas C. lineolata and B. hanleyi undergo direct development in benthic egg capsules and emerge as crawling juveniles. To test for possible effects of contrasting life histories on levels of genetic variation within and among populations, a survey was conducted of allozyme variation at six polymorphic loci in 8 to 9 local populations of each species. Collections of snails were made between June 1992 and November 1993. Sampling ranges spanned between 162 and 180 km of coast. Regardless of larval type, proportions of single-locus genotypes in each collection were consistent with the recruitment of offspring which had been generated through random mating. However, genotypic diversity was lower in those species that undergo direct development. Loci surveyed in C. lineolata and B. hanleyi were polymorphic (i.e. frequency of most common allele <95%) in fewer populations than those examined for M.␣marginalba (P <0.001) and, where polymorphisms occurred, also possessed significantly fewer alleles (P <0.001). Consequently, average levels of expected heterozygosity were greater in populations of M. marginalba than in those of either of the other species (P <0.001). Genetic variation among populations, expressed as the standardised variance in allele frequencies (F ST ), was inversely related to expected larval dispersal capability. The nine collections of M. marginalba showed little overall differentiation (F ST  = 0.017; P <0.001), reflecting the ability of planktonic larvae to interconnect local populations, and so limit divergence due to drift and natural selection. In contrast, there were high levels of allelic heterogeneity among the nine collections of C. lineolata (F ST  = 0.523; P <0.001) and eight collections of B. hanleyi (F ST  = 0.140; P <0.001). These data imply that for species which undergo direct development, local populations are effectively closed and evolve largely independent of one another. Received: 3 May 1996 / Accepted: 12 July 1996  相似文献   

19.
The pattern of settlement over time of three broadcast spawning coral species (Cyphastrea serailia, Acanthastrea lordhowensis, and Goniastrea australensis) from the Solitary Islands (30°00′S; 153°20′E) was studied in 1995 and 1996 in order to determine the maximum length of time these larvae could remain in the water column and still retain the ability to settle and metamorphose. Larvae were maintained in aquaria and the number which had settled on biologically-conditioned tile pairs was monitored every 5 to 10 d. While the majority of larvae settled quickly after becoming competent, some larvae survived and settled for extended periods after spawning. Competency periods ranged from 26 d for C. serailia to 56 d for G. australensis and 78 d for A. lordhowensis. These data greatly extend the known competency periods for larvae of broadcast-spawning corals and indicate the potential for transport of broadcast-spawned coral larvae over large distances. Medium to long-distance larval dispersal of the species studied provides a mechanism for their widespread distribution in subtropical regions, on reefs which are often widely spaced and relatively isolated. Received: 27 May 1997 / Accepted: 27 November 1997  相似文献   

20.
接种污泥源对厌氧氨氧化启动效能的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)菌生长缓慢是影响其实际应用的主要问题之一,选取合适的接种污泥十分重要.本研究采用好氧污泥、厌氧颗粒污泥和厌氧消化污泥3种接种污泥,分别经过61、70和85 d的运行均实现了厌氧氨氧化过程,氨氮去除率分别为82%、92%和91%,总氮去除率达76%、82%和80%.分别接种3种污泥源的厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)R1、R2、1t3出水pH值最终稳定在8.4、8.5、8.5.好氧污泥呈絮状,但沉降性比接种前好,厌氧颗粒污泥解体后最终形成粒径集中在0.5~1.0 mm的污泥,厌氧消化污泥则呈沙化状态,有细小颗粒出现.根据厌氧氨氧化细胞产率系数及NH4+-N、NO2--N去除量和NO3--N生成量之间的计量学关系,估算出厌氧氨氧化菌产率系数(以1 mol NH4+产生的CH2O0.5N0.15量计)分别为0.080、0.105和0.114 mol·mol-1,说明反应器内厌氧氨氧化菌有不同程度的衰减.总体而言,厌氧颗粒污泥是富集厌氧氨氧化菌的最适污泥源.  相似文献   

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