菠菜（Spinacia oleracea）硝酸盐含量的控制和预测的研究

建立了菜园系统中施氮量ρＡ（Ｎ）土壤水分ｗ（Ｈ２Ｏ）（以占田间最大持水量的百分数表示）土壤肥力ｗ（ＲＡＨＮ）（以土壤还原碱解Ｎ（ＲＡＨＮ）水平表示）３因素影响菠菜植株ＮＯ３－Ｎ含量（ｗ（ＮＯ３－Ｎ）的三元二次数学模型，模型分析和盆栽，微区及大田验证试验结果表明：３因素对菠菜植株ｗ（ＮＯ３－Ｎ）影响的顺序是：ρＡ（Ｎ）〉ｗ（ＲＡＨＮ）〉ｗ（Ｈ２Ｏ），既能使菠菜高产，又能使植株ｗ（ＮＯ３－Ｎ）达到国颁     

AN防御蜡梅酸致损伤最佳条件选择

本文以蜡梅光合速率、叶绿素含量、质膜透性为生理指标，研究了ＡＮ对酸雨引起蜡梅损伤的防御作用与最佳作用条件，实验结果表明，以酸雨处理前２４ｈ处理后４８ｈ时间内，喷施１００ｐｐｍＡＮ３次的防御效应最佳。     

大气中PAN的测定及其与前体物的关系

对北京中关村地区大气ＰＡＮ的监测结果表明：在强日照条件下，ＰＡＮ浓度随汽车等排放和ＮＯ２浓度的增加而增加，高ＰＡＮ浓度水平与高Ｏ３浓度相关联；夏季的ＰＡＮ浓度明显高于春季。模拟实验的结果证实：Ｃ３Ｈ６是大气中重要的ＰＡＮ前体物，在一定范围内，其浓度越高，ＰＡＮ浓度越大；Ｃ２Ｈ４生成ＰＡＮ是困难的，Ｈ２Ｏ２的存在对Ｃ２Ｈ４反应生成ＰＡＮ有促进作用；大气中ＳＯ２的存在可降低ＰＡＮ的生成速率。在〈４００     

PAN—DCD用于染料废水的脱色研究

本文以聚丙烯腈为高分子链，用双腈双胺与聚丙烯腈大分子上的腈基改性，制得含有多种活性基因的聚合物ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ。研究了ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ对活性染料、分散染料及酸性染料废水的脱色效果，并初步探讨了其脱色机理，实验结果表明，ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ的脱色效果与染料的种类、废水的酸度以及脱色剂的用量有关。ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ对染料颜色的去除率在ｐＨ＝３．０和ｐＨ＝１３．０时达到极大值，显示了它的两性特征，脱色机理的研究结果表     

青霉菌P—93对偶氮染料的降解特性研究

采用富集培养的方法，从土壤中分离得到一株对偶氮染料酸性大红（ＧＲ）和酸性黑（ＡＴＴ）有较强脱色能力的青霉菌Ｐ－９３。该菌以ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ人微言轻唯一Ｃ源和唯一Ｎ源均能生长。Ｐ－９３在ｐＨ４．０－８．０的范围内对ＡＴＴ的脱色率都在８０％以上，在２８－３７℃的温度范围内对ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ的脱色率也都超过８０％。对降解产物的紫外一可见光光谱分析表明，对ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ在可见光区的吸收峰（４８７．１ｎｍ，４８６．２     

城市水样中首次检出痕量硝基多环芳烃（NO2—PAH）

本文利用还原衍生化高分辨ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ法，采用双柱定性首次在城市地表水样中检出环境潜在致癌物－硝基多环芳烃（ＮＯ２－ＰＡＨ），结果表明，在不同的水样中共检出包括动物致癌物２－硝基萘在内的八种ＮＯ２－ＰＡＨ。河水和饮用水中均有ｐｐｔ级ＮＯ２－ＰＡＨ存在，其中溶解度较大的两环硝基多环芳烃的含量高于三环以上的。饮用水中ＮＯ２－ＰＡＨ的浓度低于与其相邻的河水中相应硝基多环芳烃的含量，经煮沸处理后，饮用水中Ｎ     

硝酸盐对毛萼田菁茎瘤固氮的影响

ＫＮＯ３对毛萼田菁（Ｓｅｓｂａｎｉａｒｏｓｔｒａｔａ）茎瘤和根瘤固氮的抑制作用与瘤中积累，碳水化合物减少（特别是蔗糖）以及豆血红蛋白（ｌｇｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ，Ｌｂ）浓度减少和功能受阻相关．经ＫＮＯ３处理的植株的茎瘤类菌体的呼吸作用和固氮活性明显下降．从ＫＮＯ３处理的植株茎瘤中提取的类菌体悬液加上未经ＫＮＯ３处理的正常Ｌｂ可提高固氮活性和耐ｐＯ２；加５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＮＯ２于正常的茎瘤类菌体悬液和Ｌｂ反应体系，引起固氮活性和耐ｐＯ２都降低，证明是Ｌｂ功能受阻的重要因素．施ＫＮＯ３可能还导致茎瘤Ｏ２扩散的阻力增加．     

酸性红壤施石灰对甘蔗养分状况某些酶活性及生长的影响

研究结果表明．酸性红壤施适量石灰，能改善甘蔗的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ养分状况，提高Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和中性转化酶活性，减缓甘蔗在伸长期Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性降低的幅度，极显著地促进甘蔗生长。石灰施用量与甘蔗叶片Ｎ、Ｋ含量、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性及甘蔗株高里极显著或显著的二次函数曲线相关；与甘蔗叶片含Ｐ量、中性转化酶活性亦呈二次函数曲线相关，但相关性未达显著水平。研究结果还表明，施石灰量不同对甘蔗各生长时期株高的影响很大，施用量为１．２ｔ／ｈｍ２左右时，甘蔗前、中、后期的株高都极显著的高于对照，小于０．４ｔ／ｈｍ２或大于２．０ｔ／ｈｍ２时，甘蔗生长后期的株高与对照差异不显著．     

Al—Ferron逐时络合比色法研究PACS中铝的水解聚合形态

制备了碱化度及不同Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２＝４摩尔比的系列ＰＡＣＳ，用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法研究了铝的形态分布，考察了碱化度，Ａｌ＾３＝／ＳＯ＾２＝４摩尔比，稀释作用及ｐＨ值对铝的形态分布的影响。     

二氧化硫对人体血淋巴细胞的遗传毒理效应

本文对某硫酸厂接触二氧化硫（ＳＯ＿２）４０名工人的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变（ＣＡ）、姊妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）、及微核（ＭＮ）进行了分析。结果表明，接触ＳＯ＿２的工人其ＣＡ、ＳＣＥ及ＭＮ均显著高于对照组。本文也分析了ＳＯ＿２在体内的代谢产物──亚硫酸氢钠对淋巴细胞的遗传毒理效应。结果指出，亚硫酸氢钠可诱发人血淋巴细胞ＣＡ，ＳＣＥ及ＭＮ，且有明确的剂量效应关系。这些研究证明，ＳＯ＿２确是人血淋巴细胞染色体断裂剂和基因毒性因子；ＳＯ＿２与癌症的关系值得进一步研究。     

The effects of anthracene on biochemical responses of Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis

Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis is among the most widely used bioindicators, and anthracene (AN) is one of the most commonly found hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment. M. galloprovincialis were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.4?μg/L AN. Chemical analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the uptake of AN in the whole soft body and digestive gland at different amounts. After a short exposure (2, 4 and 8 days), the results revealed that AN induced malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in digestive gland. Our findings demonstrated also that AN reduced the filtration rates in a concentration-dependent manner. Increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA content) in digestive gland (p?M. galloprovincialis, where digestive gland constitutes a valuable organ for investigating AN biotransformation and toxicity.     

Aniline removal by Photocatalytic reaction of iron(iii) mediated with dissolved organic matter

When light (> 370 nm) was allowed to interact with an aqueous solution containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Fe(III), removal of aniline (AN) was observed. This was due to the photocatalytic reaction of Fe(III) mediated by DOM. Syringic acid (SYA) and humic acid (HA) were used as DOM in the present study. The ¹⁵N‐NMR spectrum of the product mixture from the light irradiation of the SYA/Fe(III) system demonstrated that AN was covalently bound to SYA. The kinetics of AN removal were, therefore, interpreted by assuming covalent binding between DOM and AN. The amounts of covalent binding sites and the apparent second‐order rate constants could be evaluated, and the amounts of covalent binding sites decreased with the increases of the concentration of DOM. This is attributed that the polymerization of DOM by the photo‐oxidation competed with the covalent binding between AN and DOM.     

丙烯腈对小鼠精液运动参数的影响(Effects of Acrylonitrile on Sperm Motility in Male Mice)

为探讨丙烯腈(Acrylonitrile,AN)对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性作用机制,将250只SPF级昆明种雄性小鼠按体重随机分为5组:3个AN染毒组(1.25、2.50、5.00mg·kg-1)、1个阴性对照组(生理盐水0.01mL·g-1)和1个阳性对照组(环磷酰胺40mg·kg-1),腹腔注射染毒5d,每天1次.于初次染毒后第7、14、21、28、35d分五批处死小鼠,检测分析小鼠精子运动参数的变化.结果表明,5个观察终点各剂量组精液参数(精子密度、活动度、运动速度、运动方式参数、空间位移程度)变化与阴性对照均无显著差异(p>0.05).提示,在试验浓度范围内,AN对小鼠精子运动参数无影响.     

不同施氮水平条件下烤烟对氮素的利用研究

大田中设置盆栽试验，采用１５Ｎ示踪法对不同施氮水平条件下的烤烟的氮素吸收、肥料氮素的利用和土壤ＡＮ值进行研究．试验结果表明，烤烟全生育期吸收的氮素主要来自于土壤可利用性氮．随着氮肥用量的增加，烤烟对肥料氮的吸收量增加，对土壤氮的吸收量减少，土壤对肥料氮素的固定和氮肥损失量增加．ＡＮ值有随氮素用量的增加而逐渐减小的趋势，但以处理４的（６７．５ｋｇ氮素／ｈｍ２）最小．肥料中的氮素利用率以处理４最高，达到５２．３％。     

吸烟烟气引起鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化的ESR波谱研究

本文用ESR自旋捕集技术,以4-POBN为捕集剂,研究了吸烟烟气处理的鼠肝微粒体体系中的自由基性质。结果发现,在吸烟烟气处理的鼠肝微粒体中,4-POBN捕集到了自由基信号,这一信号的强度随温育时间的延长及充入烟气的量增加而增强,根据其性质及ESR波谱参数分析,体系中产生了脂类自由基。结果说明,吸烟烟气刺激了鼠肝微粒体的脂质过氧化。     

Analysis of water quality factors influencing the speciation of inorganic nitrogen using GRA

Based on the water quality data from 2006 to 2008, grey relational analysis (GRA) is used to analyze factors that may have influence on the speciation of inorganic nitrogen in the Chengdu section of middle Min river. The results show that water temperature, changing from 20.2 +/- 2.7, 13.4 +/- 5.7 and 16.8 +/- 5.6 degrees C, is the first restrictive factor for the speciation of inorganic nitrogen; it is negatively correlated with the ratio of total ammonia nitrogen to total inorganic nitrogen contents [m(AN)/m(TIN)] in three different periods of wet season, dry season and year-round. The average pH values for years, in wet and dry periods are 7.6 +/- 0.4, 7.3 +/- 0.3 and 7.8 +/- 0.2, respectively, and have different influences in different seasons. It is the second restrictive factor and positive correlation between pH and m(AN)/m(TIN) in wet season and through the year yet it is the fourth factor in dry seasons. The values of dissolved oxygen (DO), which are 4.6 +/- 1.4, 4.6 +/- 2.4, 4.6 +/- 2.0 respectively, is the third factor and negatively correlates with m(AN)/m(TIN) in third different periods. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) indirectly inhibits the nitrifying bacteria because the DO is depleted in the decomposition of organic matter by heterotrophic bacteria, showing the positive correlation.As the alkalinity can meet the requirement of nitrification in wet season and through the year, it is not restrictive factor. However, it is the second restrictive factor in dry season because of low content of alkalinity inhibiting the growth of nitrifying bacteria.     

Effect of surfactants on Fenton's reagent-mediated degradation of Kraft black liquor

One of the limitations of the biodegradation of hydrophobic chemical compounds, like lignins, is their low solubility in the aqueous solution where this process takes place. To resolve this problem, surfactants have been used to improve the solubility of these hydrophobic compounds. In this investigation, we studied the effect of surfactants (anionic, cationic, and non-ionic) on the treatment of Kraft black liquor with Fenton's reagent. In the Fenton reaction, H2O2 (two different concentrations, 10 mM and 20 mM), FeCl2 (1 mM) and surfactant solution (10%) were used. Black liquor degradation was determined by UV/Visible spectrophotometry and by measuring phenolic groups. In the presence of Fenton's reagent, the optimum conditions for the oxidative degradation of black liquor were 10 mM H2O2, 1 microL of 10% solution of anionic surfactant (SDS). The importance of the use of surfactants for preparing black liquor for subsequent Fenton's reagent-mediated degradation was discussed.     

氢氧化镁处理含镉废水的研究

以氢氧化镁作为吸附剂处理含镉酸性废水。结果表明，氢氧化镁对Cd^2 的吸附为化学吸附，去除率一般可达98％以上。氢氧化镁回收后，经轻烧处理变成氧化镁，仍可以处理含镉废水，且可多次使用。     

型煤燃烧特性初探

本文使用热重分析仪对型煤的燃烧特性进行了初步探讨。煤灯样品在升温过程中,发生两次快速失重,对应的温度分别为Ｔ１和Ｔ２。由于制备型煤时,添加了无机粘结剂和无机固硫剂等无机物,导致制备型煤用的混合料的Ｔ１比原煤降低,而刷烈燃烧温度Ｔ２却比原煤升高。