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1.
染料化合物在改性介孔TiO_2上的吸附   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以聚乙烯醇-碘复合物修饰的介孔TiO2纳米材料为吸附剂,研究了介孔TiO2对亚甲基蓝、甲基橙、茜素红和二甲酚橙染料化合物的吸附作用.考察了4种染料初始浓度和初始pH值对吸附的影响.实验结果表明,染料化合物的结构和性质影响介孔TiO2对它们的吸附平衡时间和吸附量.二甲酚橙、甲基橙、茜素红和亚甲基蓝有最佳吸附去除率的初始pH值分别为2.0、2.0、3.0和8.0;平衡吸附时间分别为100 min、10 min、100 min和60 min.介孔TiO2对亚甲基蓝、茜素红、二甲酚橙的饱和吸附量分别为80.32 mg·g-1、78.72 mg·g-1、71.64 mg·g-1,甲基橙的饱和吸附量超过200 mg·g-1.改性介孔TiO2对亚甲基蓝、茜素红、二甲酚橙的吸附符合二级动力学方程.  相似文献   

2.
本文以钛酸异丙酯为钛源,以甘氨酸(gly)为改性材料,通过水解法在比较温和的条件下合成了二氧化钛(TiO_2-gly)吸附剂,同时以亚甲基蓝(MB)和酸性红G (ARG)两种染料为处理对象,考察了合成的TiO_2的吸附性能,并将之与P25材料进行对比.结果表明,经过甘氨酸改性的TiO_2吸附剂的比表面积大幅提升到354.2 m2·g~(-1);改性TiO_2对亚甲基蓝(100 mg·L-1)和酸性红G (100 mg·L-1)两种染料的吸附能力得到较大提高,最大吸附量分别为49.25 mg·g~(-1)和43.98 mg·g~(-1),远高于P25对二者的吸附容量(分别为28.24 mg·g~(-1)和16.40 mg·g~(-1)); P25的吸附主要受物理吸附作用控制,而改性TiO_2吸附剂20 min即可达到吸附平衡,并展现出准二级动力学和Langmuir吸附等温线特性,这表明吸附剂与染料分子之间主要为化学吸附.另外,通过吸附影响因素实验发现通过延长吸附时间、控制p H都能提高该吸附剂的吸附性能,而改性TiO_2-gly吸附剂经过5次再生循环实验后仍展现出较好的吸附性能.  相似文献   

3.
改性碳纳米管原始样品吸附亚甲基蓝的性能研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用直接制备的碳纳米管原始样品作为染料亚甲基蓝的吸附剂,采用次氯酸钠溶液对于碳纳米管原始样品进行表面修饰改性,改性处理后碳纳米管对亚甲基蓝吸附性较好,本工艺简单有效,所获得的吸附剂具有磁性,吸附过后用磁铁易于达到固液分离的效果.吸附性能结果表明:本吸附剂对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附在60 min基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.99).改性后的磁性碳纳米管吸附亚甲基蓝的平衡吸附量qe与亚甲基蓝溶液的平衡浓度Ce的关系满足Langmuir(R2>0.99)、Freundlich(R2>0.91)以及Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)(R2>0.92)等温吸附模型.通过Langmuir模型计算可知改性磁性碳纳米管对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附容量为101.6 mg.g-1,由D-R模型计算结果可以推断,次氯酸钠改性后的磁性碳纳米管对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附机理以化学吸附为主.  相似文献   

4.
双孔介孔碳的合成及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以三嵌段共聚物F108为模板剂,苯酚/甲醛为碳源,在中性条件下制备了平均孔径为3.14 nm,最可几孔径分布为3 nm和8 nm,BET比表面积为1541 m2·g-1,孔容为1.01 cm3·g-1的双孔分布介孔碳.通过静态实验法测定了介孔碳对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性,分析了初始浓度、溶液p H、温度对吸附量的影响,并从热力学及动力学角度探讨了介孔碳对亚甲基蓝的吸附机理.结果表明,溶液初始浓度、溶液p H以及温度对吸附量有较大的影响,介孔碳对亚甲基蓝的吸附随着初始浓度、p H、温度的上升而增大,吸附为吸热反应,提高温度有利于吸附的进行.实验制备的介孔碳对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量为421 mg·g-1,相比于普通活性炭,双孔分布介孔碳对亚甲基蓝显示了更优的吸附性能.亚甲基蓝在介孔碳上的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Elovich动力学模型.计算得到的吸附吉布斯自由能(ΔG0)0,吸附标准焓变(ΔH0)70 k J·mol-1,说明亚甲基蓝在介孔碳上的吸附是自发进行的单分子层吸热反应,且化学反应在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用.  相似文献   

5.
采用化学沉淀法将Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒负载到茶渣(tea waste,TW)上,之后对TW-Fe_3O_4复合材料进行表征,并研究其对典型染料废水亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除效果及机理.结果表明,固液比为4.0 g·L~(-1),p H(6.92)未调整,接触时间为120 min,TW-Fe_3O_4对亚甲基蓝去除率可达98.70%.拟二级动力学模型可较好描述TW-Fe_3O_4吸附亚甲基蓝的过程.TW-Fe_3O_4复合材料对亚甲基蓝的去除可分为快吸附和慢吸附两个阶段.Langmuir、Temkin和Dubinin-Radushkevich模型均能较好拟合吸附过程.Langmuir拟合得到的最大饱和吸附量为84.47 mg·g~(-1).3次吸附-解吸循环实验之后,发现TW-Fe_3O_4对MB去除效果有限,表明结合较为稳定.TW-Fe_3O_4对MB的吸附机理涉及静电作用、离子交换、氢键作用、π-π堆积等.动力学、FTIR和XPS分析显示茶渣的表面官能团在吸附中能发挥重要作用.因此,TW-Fe_3O_4复合材料有作为染料污染废水修复剂的潜力,且能较为方便的从溶液中分离.  相似文献   

6.
为了考察缺氧活性污泥对染料的吸附性能和吸附机理,以缺氧活性污泥作为吸附剂,亚甲基蓝作为吸附质进行等温吸附试验。结果表明:亚甲基蓝在缺氧活性污泥上的吸附遵循准二级速率方程,吸附方式为化学吸附;吸附行为符合Langmuir和Redlich-Peterson吸附等温式,为单分子层吸附,理论最大吸附量9.25 mg/g;亚甲基蓝分子在污泥颗粒内扩散动力学曲线存在线性部分,说明吸附过程存在污泥颗粒微孔内扩散效应。  相似文献   

7.
采用水热法在不同焙烧温度下制备了具有不同特性的TiO2纳米管(TNT).用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和BET比表面积对其结构和形貌进行表征.以亚甲基蓝(MB)为模型反应物,考察了不同焙烧温度下的TiO2纳米管在不同环境温度下对MB的吸附行为.结果表明:随着焙烧温度的升高,TiO2纳米管中锐钛矿的含量增加、比表面积减小;MB在TiO2纳米管上的吸附量随着纳米管焙烧温度的升高显著降低;环境温度对MB在TiO2纳米管上的吸附随着TiO2纳米管焙烧温度的不同而有差异.  相似文献   

8.
以介孔氧化硅SBA-15为硬模板,采用三氯化铁与蔗糖同步浇筑法制备磁性介孔碳材料.扫描电镜、透射电镜、比表面积和振动磁强计等分析表明,该材料具有有序的介孔孔道和较好的磁分离性能.考察其对亚甲基蓝(MB)和日落黄(SY)的吸附性能,结果发现溶液的pH对吸附两种染料有显著的影响,阳离子染料亚甲基蓝随着溶液pH的增大吸附量显著升高,而阴离子染料日落黄则相反.由Langmuir吸附等温模型拟合出亚甲基蓝、日落黄的最大吸附容量分别为473.9 mg·g~(-1)和434.8 mg·g~(-1).该磁性介孔材料在染料污染物的去除方面具有较好的应用潜力.  相似文献   

9.
芬顿试剂法制备磁性碳纳米管及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
周露  陈君红  于飞  袁志文  马杰 《环境化学》2012,31(5):669-676
采用芬顿试剂法在碳纳米管纯化样品表面负载纳米磁性氧化铁颗粒,制备磁性碳纳米管杂化材料(MWCNTs/Fe2O3),该杂化材料具有较高的纳米氧化铁负载率(>50%)和优异的磁性能,制备过程中无需额外添加阳离子,不会对环境造成不利影响.将磁性碳纳米管杂化材料应用于染料废水处理中,结果发现MWCNTs/Fe2O3对亚甲基蓝染料吸附性能较好,吸附后用磁铁易于达到固液分离的效果.吸附性能研究表明,磁性碳纳米管对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附在40 min内吸附容量迅速上升,其值达到最大平衡吸附容量的88%以上,60 min基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.999).磁性碳纳米管吸附亚甲基蓝的平衡吸附量qe与亚甲基蓝溶液的平衡浓度Ce的关系满足Langmuir(R2>0.999)、Freundlich(R2>0.97)以及Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)(R2>0.96)等温吸附模型.通过Langmuir模型计算可知磁性碳纳米管对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附容量为69.98 mg.g-1,吸附过程为有利吸附,由D-R模型计算结果可以推断MWCNTs/Fe2O3对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附机制以化学吸附为主.  相似文献   

10.
不同粘土矿物对磷污染水体的吸附净化性能比较   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
比较了凹凸棒石粘土、高岭土、膨润土和蛭石等4种粘土矿物共8个样品对不同程度磷污染水体的吸附净化能力.结果发现,4种供试粘土矿物对水体磷均有一定的吸附净化潜力,但针对不同程度磷污染水体存在一定差异,且同一种粘土矿物的吸附净化能力也会因矿物组成差异而不同;针对模拟Ⅴ类水(ρ(P)=0.4 mg·L-1),高岭土的吸附净化能力最强,其次凹凸棒石粘土和膨润土的吸附净化能力与活性炭接近,而蛭石的吸附净化能力较差;针对模拟劣Ⅴ类水(ρ(P)=1.0 mg·L-1),膨润土的吸附净化能力最强,蛭石次之,高岭土因矿物组成不同而有很大差异,凹凸棒石粘土的吸附净化能力与活性炭较为接近.结果表明,凹凸棒石粘土和膨润土针对不同程度磷污染水体的应用范围较宽,高岭土最适用于Ⅴ类磷污染水体,而蛭石可应用于劣Ⅴ类磷污染水体.  相似文献   

11.
A bioblitz inexpensively and quickly generates biodiversity data, but bioblitzes are often conducted with haphazard, unreplicated sampling. Results tend to be taxonomically, geographically, or temporally biased, lack metadata, and consist of lists of observed taxa that do not enable further analyses or correction for imperfect detection. A rapid, recurring, structured survey (RRSS) uses a structured sampling design and temporal and spatial replication to survey randomly selected sites on a conservation property. We participated in a loosely structured bioblitz and a subsequent RRSS at Big Canoe Creek Nature Preserve in Springville (St. Clair County), Alabama (USA) to compare observed richness derived from the 2 survey approaches. The RRSS data structure enabled us to fit models that accounted for imperfect detection to estimate abundances, occupancy probabilities, and habitat associations. The loosely structured bioblitz data could not be used in such models. We present a new integrated multispecies abundance model that we applied to avian RRSS data. Our model extension enables estimation for the community, employs data augmentation to estimate the number of undetected species, and incorporates covariates. The RRSS generated a more comprehensive and less biased list of observed taxonomic richness than the loosely structured bioblitz (e.g., 73 vs. 45 bird species and 104 vs. 63 insect families from the RRSS vs. loosely structured bioblitz, respectively). Models fit to the RRSS data identified seasonal patterns in avian community composition and allowed for estimation of habitat–occupancy relationships for insect taxa. The RRSS protocol has potential for broad transferability as a standardized, quick, and inexpensive way to inventory biodiversity and estimate ecological parameters while providing an outreach opportunity.  相似文献   

12.
Conservation science is a crisis discipline in which the results of scientific enquiry must be made available quickly to those implementing management. We assessed the extent to which scientific research published since the year 2000 in 20 conservation science journals is publicly available. Of the 19,207 papers published, 1,667 (8.68%) are freely downloadable from an official repository. Moreover, only 938 papers (4.88%) meet the standard definition of open access in which material can be freely reused providing attribution to the authors is given. This compares poorly with a comparable set of 20 evolutionary biology journals, where 31.93% of papers are freely downloadable and 7.49% are open access. Seventeen of the 20 conservation journals offer an open access option, but fewer than 5% of the papers are available through open access. The cost of accessing the full body of conservation science runs into tens of thousands of dollars per year for institutional subscribers, and many conservation practitioners cannot access pay‐per‐view science through their workplace. However, important initiatives such as Research4Life are making science available to organizations in developing countries. We urge authors of conservation science to pay for open access on a per‐article basis or to choose publication in open access journals, taking care to ensure the license allows reuse for any purpose providing attribution is given. Currently, it would cost $51 million to make all conservation science published since 2000 freely available by paying the open access fees currently levied to authors. Publishers of conservation journals might consider more cost effective models for open access and conservation‐oriented organizations running journals could consider a broader range of options for open access to nonmembers such as sponsorship of open access via membership fees. Obtención de Acceso Abierto a la Ciencia de la Conservación  相似文献   

13.
Land-use change via human development is a major driver of biodiversity loss. To reduce these impacts, billions of dollars are spent on biodiversity offsets. However, studies evaluating offset project effectiveness that examine components such as the overall compliance and function of projects remain rare. We reviewed 577 offsetting projects in freshwater ecosystems that included the metrics project size, type of aquatic system (e.g., wetland and creek), offsetting measure (e.g., enhancement, restoration, and creation), and an assessment of the projects’ compliance and functional success. Project information was obtained from scientific and government databases and gray literature. Despite considerable investment in offsetting projects, crucial problems persisted. Although compliance and function were related to each other, a high level of compliance did not guarantee a high degree of function. However, large projects relative to area had better function than small projects. Function improved when projects targeted productivity or specific ecosystem features and when multiple complementary management targets were in place. Restorative measures were more likely to achieve targets than creating entirely new ecosystems. Altogether the relationships we found highlight specific ecological processes that may help improve offsetting outcomes.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Large, intact areas of tropical peatland are highly threatened at a global scale by the expansion of commercial agriculture and other forms of economic development. Conserving peatlands on a landscape scale, with their hydrology intact, is of international conservation importance to preserve their distinctive biodiversity and ecosystem services and maintain their resilience to future environmental change. We explored threats to and opportunities for conserving remaining intact tropical peatlands; thus, we excluded peatlands of Indonesia and Malaysia, where extensive deforestation, drainage, and conversion to plantations means conservation in this region can protect only small fragments of the original ecosystem. We focused on a case study, the Pastaza‐Marañón Foreland Basin (PMFB) in Peru, which is among the largest known intact tropical peatland landscapes in the world and is representative of peatland vulnerability. Maintenance of the hydrological conditions critical for carbon storage and ecosystem function of peatlands is, in the PMFB, primarily threatened by expansion of commercial agriculture linked to new transport infrastructure that is facilitating access to remote areas. There remain opportunities in the PMFB and elsewhere to develop alternative, more sustainable land‐use practices. Although some of the peatlands in the PMFB fall within existing legally protected areas, this protection does not include the most carbon‐dense (domed pole forest) areas. New carbon‐based conservation instruments (e.g., REDD+, Green Climate Fund), developing markets for sustainable peatland products, transferring land title to local communities, and expanding protected areas offer pathways to increased protection for intact tropical peatlands in Amazonia and elsewhere, such as those in New Guinea and Central Africa which remain, for the moment, broadly beyond the frontier of commercial development.  相似文献   

16.
An argument is presented in which areas of natural arsenic contamination of modern groundwaters throughout Asia have a common origin. Arsenic originally accumulated in oceanic ferro-manganoan sediments of the eastern Palaeo-Tethys. This was further concentrated through oceanic crustal extinction in what later became the south-east Chinese accreted mineralised terrain. Proto-Himalayan uplift of this area created the palaeo-drainage systems of the Ganges – Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Mekong, and Red Rivers, with consequent headwater erosion of arsenic-rich sediments. Their downstream deposition as immature and easily redistributed Neogene sandstones, silts, and iron-rich clays has created secondary and tertiary reservoirs of adsorbed and authigenic arsenic, from which the current arsenic-rich groundwaters have evolved. Considering river basins within the above palaeo-hydrogeological framework provides a basis for assessing the risk of arsenic in groundwater basins of south and south-eastern Asia.  相似文献   

17.
Biogeographic theory predicts that rare species occur more often in larger, less‐isolated habitat patches and suggests that patch size and connectivity are positive predictors of patch quality for conservation. However, in areas substantially modified by humans, rare species may be relegated to the most isolated patches. We used data from plant surveys of 81 meadow patches in the Georgia Basin of Canada and the United States to show that presence of threatened and endangered plants was positively predicted for patches that were isolated on small islands surrounded by ocean and for patches that were isolated by surrounding forest. Neither patch size nor connectivity were positive predictors of rare species occurrence. Thus, in our study area, human influence, presumably due to disturbance or introduction of competitive non‐native species, appears to have overwhelmed classical predictors of rare species distribution, such that greater patch isolation appeared to favor presence of rare species. We suggest conservation planners consider the potential advantages of protecting geographically isolated patches in human‐modified landscapes because such patches may represent the only habitats in which rare species are likely to persist. Influencia Humana y Predictores Biogeográficos Clásicos de la Ocurrencia de Especies Raras  相似文献   

18.
The macro-algae communities observed in the south lake of Tunis are characterized by the predominance of nitrophilous algae which are in the order of biomass importance:Ulva, Cladophora andEnteromorpha. We have noted seasonal changes of alga distribution. The wind appears to be one of the most important factors influencing this distribution. The total biomass reaches a maximum in the spring. Rapid decomposition of the biomass leads to a severe ecological imbalance, resulting in crises of anoxia and fish death. A restoration project has already started. It aims at removal of contaminated muds and the introduction of a new circulation system. The main objectives of this work were to collect information on the distribution and biomass of the phytobenthic communities as a first step in the constitution of a database for further comparison.  相似文献   

19.
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments rely on published data and expert inputs, and biases can be introduced where underlying definitions and concepts are ambiguous. Consideration of climate change threat is no exception, and recently numerous approaches to assessing the threat of climate change to species have been developed. We explored IUCN Red List assessments of amphibians and birds to determine whether species listed as threatened by climate change display distinct patterns in terms of habitat occupied and additional nonclimatic threats faced. We compared IUCN Red List data with a published data set of species’ biological and ecological traits believed to infer high vulnerability to climate change and determined whether distributions of climate change‐threatened species on the IUCN Red List concur with those of climate change‐threatened species identified with the trait‐based approach and whether species possessing these traits are more likely to have climate change listed as a threat on the IUCN Red List. Species in some ecosystems (e.g., grassland, shrubland) and subject to particular threats (e.g., invasive species) were more likely to have climate change as a listed threat. Geographical patterns of climate change‐threatened amphibians and birds on the IUCN Red List were incongruent with patterns of global species richness and patterns identified using trait‐based approaches. Certain traits were linked to increases or decreases in the likelihood of a species being threatened by climate change. Broad temperature tolerance of a species was consistently related to an increased likelihood of climate change threat, indicating counterintuitive relationships in IUCN assessments. To improve the robustness of species assessments of the vulnerability or extinction risk associated with climate change, we suggest IUCN adopt a more cohesive approach whereby specific traits highlighted by our results are considered in Red List assessments. To achieve this and to strengthen the climate change‐vulnerability assessments approach, it is necessary to identify and implement logical avenues for further research into traits that make species vulnerable to climate change (including population‐level threats).  相似文献   

20.
Protected areas (PAs) are often implemented without consideration of already existing PAs, which is likely to cause an overrepresentation of certain biophysical conditions. We assessed the representativeness of the current PA network with regard to the world's biophysical conditions to highlight which conditions are underprotected and where these conditions are located. We overlaid terrestrial and marine PAs with information on biophysical conditions (e.g., temperature, precipitation, and elevation) and then quantified the percentage of area covered by the PA network. For 1 variable at a time in the terrestrial realm, high temperature, low precipitation, and medium and very high elevation were underrepresented. For the marine realm, low and medium sea surface temperature (SST), medium and high sea surface salinity (SSS), and the deep sea were underrepresented. Overall, protection was evenly distributed for elevation across the terrestrial realm and SST across the marine realm. For 2 variables at a time, cold and very dry terrestrial environments had mostly low protection, which was also the case for low SST and low and medium SSS across most depths for marine environments. Low protection occurred mostly in the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula for the terrestrial realm and along the Tropic of Capricorn and toward the poles for the marine realm. Although biodiversity measures are of prime importance for the design of PA networks, highlighting biophysical gaps in current PAs adds a frequently overlooked perspective. These gaps may weaken the potential of PAs to conserve biodiversity. Thus, our results may provide useful insights for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to establish a more comprehensive global PA network.  相似文献   

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