微波－混凝法处理滇池高藻原水的实验研究

实验采用微波－混凝法处理滇池高藻原水,考察了混凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）投加量、进水pH值、微波功率及辐照时间对除藻去浊效果的影响,并与单一混凝的处理效果进行了对比。结果表明：在PAC投加量为80mg／L、进水pH值为8—9、微波功率为600W、辐照时间为1．5min的条件下除藻去浊效果最佳,除藻率达94．4％,剩余浊度可从89NTU降到3NTU左右;微波－混凝法对滇池高藻原水的处理效果明显优于单一混凝,同时可降低混凝剂用量,具有良好的强化混凝效果。     

还原铁法处理印染废水生化出水及原理

采用还原铁粉处理印染废水生化出水,以ADMI7.6作为主要测试指标,考察铁粉投加量、反应时间以及进水pH对出水水质的影响,并研究在此过程中铁粉还原作用和混凝絮凝作用对整体效果的贡献比.结果表明,条件1:铁粉投加量=1.0 g.L-1,反应时间150 min,进水pH 2;条件2:铁粉投加量1.0 g.L-1,反应时间150 min,进水pH 3.条件1时,ADMI7.6去除率达到80%,但铁泥量大,酸碱消耗大,在此反应条件下,铁粉还原去除40%,混凝絮凝去除60%;条件2时,ADMI7.6去除率达到50%左右,产铁泥量小,经济合理;在此反应条件下,铁粉还原去除55%—63%左右,混凝絮凝去除37%—45%左右.经XAD8/XAD4树脂联用,分析疏水酸、非酸疏水物质、弱疏水物质及亲水物质4类有机物的去除情况表明,条件1时,能够高效去除非酸疏水物质,去除率为95%,对于疏水酸以及弱疏水物质也有一定的去除效果;条件2时,对4类有机物去除均有一定作用,但对于非酸疏水物质以及疏水酸的去除效果要略差于条件1.     

内电解-混凝组合技术对合成制药废水的预处理

采用多级内电解反应器与混凝沉淀组合技术预处理典型合成制药废水.研究结果表明,组合技术对制药废水的COD去除率高于单一混凝技术和单一内电解技术;以PAM作为混凝剂的处理效果优于Ca（OH）2,在PAM投加浓度为10 m.gL-1,pH值为8的条件下,内电解与混凝沉淀组合技术对制药废水COD的去除率可达到30%.同时,组合...     

红土复合聚合氯化铝以及三氯化铁去除水华藻类的研究

采用红土复合聚合氯化铝（PAC）以及三氯化铁（FeCl3）制得的复合絮凝剂对水样中的藻类絮凝沉降效果进行了研究。结果表明,与PAC复合FeCl3混凝剂不同,红土的加入可增加絮体的密实度,加快絮体沉降速度,沉淀后的絮体在微扰动下不再漂浮上升从而有效提高除藻效果。采用正交试验探讨了复合絮凝剂除藻的最优配比,用混凝剂（红土：PAC：FeCl3=50mg：8．75mg：17．5mg）处理水样,1h后水样浊度由22．35NTU降至1．85NTU,浊度去除率为91．72％。讨论了温度、pH值等因素对除藻效果的影响,并对除藻机理进行了初步的探讨。     

高锰酸钾预氧化-混凝沉淀组合工艺处理微污染水研究

针对微污染水,就高锰酸钾预氧化技术与与饮用水常规混凝沉淀工艺组合联用开展了一些试验研究。结果表明：高锰酸钾的预氧化作用有助于PAC混凝沉淀工艺对原水中有机污染物的去除;KMnO4和聚合氯化铝（PAC）的投加方式对原水耗氧量的去除率有明显影响;KMnO4预氧化有一个最佳时间;高锰酸钾预氧化-混凝沉淀组合微污染水处理工艺,对原水pH值的波动有比较好的适应性。     

剩余污泥强化混凝气浮预处理煤气化废水

为解决低浑浊度煤气化含油废水混凝气浮药剂投加量大、效率低的问题,本文开展混凝剂污泥共投加提高气浮工艺除污染能力的研究.研究表明,剩余污泥的投加明显改善了混凝沉淀对油类污染物的去除,在剩余污泥投加量从0增加到1200 mg·L~(-1)时,含油量去除率由28.1%提升至44.1%.聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和剩余污泥的最适宜投加量分别为150、2、1200 mg·L~(-1).A/O工艺二沉池剩余污泥强化混凝气浮效果最佳,充分气浮反应后对含油量的去除率由46%提升至84%,且气浮池油水分离区微气泡的稳定性得到明显改善.     

城市垃圾渗滤液的Fenton氧化法预处理试验

采用Fenton法将城市垃圾渗滤液进行催化氧化后,再投加聚合铁进行混凝沉淀处理,结果表明,当FeSO4·7H2O的投量为0.2%,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O为11,聚合铁的投量为1.2‰时,CODCr去除率为68.2%,色度去除率为98%。研究了原水pH值、FeSO4·7H2O和H2O2的投加量、反应时间及聚合铁的投量对CODCr的影响。     

聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂的合成及在蓝藻沼液预处理中的应用

以聚合氯化铝(PACl)和壳聚糖(CTS)为主要原料合成了聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖(PACl-CTS)复合絮凝剂,考察了PACl与CTS的质量比、反应温度、反应液pH和反应时间等因素对PACl-CTS絮凝性能的影响,优化出PACl-CTS合成最佳工艺条件为:温度控制在70℃,m(PACl)∶m(CTS)=4∶1,反应时间1 h,pH值为4.通过红外图谱(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对PACl-CTS的微观结构进行了表征,表明PACl以一定的晶体结构镶嵌在CTS中,PACl和CTS之间存在一定的相互作用,而不是简单的复配.将合成的PACl-CTS应用于蓝藻沼液废水处理,结果表明,PACl-CTS对浊度、COD、TP具有良好的絮凝性能,当投加量为21.0 mg.L-1时,浊度、COD、TP的去除率分别达到了98.15%、67.78%和84.05%,可作为新型高效絮凝剂应用于蓝藻沼液废水预处理.     

环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺聚合物和聚合氯化铝用于印染废水的处理

用不同碱化度(B)的聚合氯化铝(PAC)和不同粘度(η)的环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺聚合物(EPI-DMA)以及PAC-EPI-DMA复合絮凝剂处理印染废水.考察了药品投量,投加方式对脱色效果的影响.探讨了PAC的B值及EPI-DMA的η值对PAC-EPI-DMA絮凝性能的影响.结果表明,PAC-EPI-DMA复合絮凝剂较PAC和EPI-DMA絮凝剂具有较低的投加量和较好的脱色效果;B=1.5,η=1600的PAC-EPI-DMA具有较好的脱色效果和COD去除率,当废水的pH=4-7时处理效果较好.     

气浮中试工艺中若干运行参数

为找出气浮(DAF)工艺的最佳运行工艺参数,对影响气浮工艺出水效果较大的预处理条件、混凝剂投量、水力负荷、水力条件、回流比、刮渣周期等运行参数做了大量的中试试验研究,发现适当的预臭氧处理可以提高UV254的去除,预加氯可以提高对浊度和藻类的去除,预加高锰酸盐可以提高对浊度、藻类、嗅味和UV254等的去除,预加粉末活性炭可以提高对有机物、色度、嗅味的去除,混凝剂投量从10 mg/L增加到50 mg/L,气浮工艺对有机物的去除率提高了30%~40%,水力负荷越高气浮出水浊度越高,回流比越大气浮出水浊度越低,气浮池过长的刮渣周期也会降低出水水质。总之,合理调整气浮池的工艺参数,可以提高气浮出水水质,降低运行成本。     

Effects of water quality on the coagulation performances of humic acids irradiated with UV light

The presence of humic acid in drinking water treatment has received significant attention in recent years because of its adverse effects on the removal of many pollutants in coagulation. In this paper, the effects of water quality including pH, turbidity, alkalinity, and hardness on the removal of humic acid were investigated in a UV light hybridized coagulation process. Our results suggested that UV light radiation could effectively improve the removal rate of humic acid in coagulation under both neutral and basic conditions, and the variations of the selected water quality parameters had little adverse effect on the function of UV light. After UV light radiation, the removal rate of the nitro-humic acid (NHA) increased from 20% to 60% in coagulation, and increased further to 75% and 85% for the raw waters with 10.0 NTU kaolin and 100 mg·L^-1 hardness, respectively. In addition to NHA, the removal rates of the humic acid extracted from peat coal (PHA) and the humic acid provided by Japan metals and chemicals company (JHA) in coagulation were also improved, both in the range of 80%–90% after undergoing UV light radiation. By changing the radiation location from prior to coagulation to the flocculation process, similar experimental results were obtained. The formation of positive charged sites after UV light radiation was considered to be the primary factor that led to an enhanced removal of the humic acid in coagulation.     

壳聚糖絮凝剂对聚合氯化铝的助凝作用

以壳聚糖絮凝剂作为聚合氯化铝(PAC)的助凝剂,絮凝处理颐和园昆明湖湖水,考察了PAC在壳聚糖助凝作用下对浊度和有机物的去除效果,以及水中残留铝浓度的变化．结果表明,壳聚糖对PAC的助凝作用显著,PAC中加入壳聚糖絮凝剂后,浊度和有机物去除率均明显提高．     

Al13去除水中腐殖酸的混凝作用机理

研究对比了Al13、不同碱化度的聚合氯化铝(PACl)及工业聚合氯化铝等去除水中腐殖酸的絮凝特征,从Zeta电位、RT(余浊)、UV254等角度分别考察了pH值和投药量的影响,对不同形态组成絮凝剂的混凝效能有了进一步明确的认识,并且对Al13的絮凝机理进行了有益的探索．结果表明,Al13是混凝过程中的优势形态,决定着混凝剂的电中和能力．     

黄浦江支流富营养化原水的生物膜修复技术试验研究

采用气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器（IAL-CHS）对受污染黄浦江支流进行生物修复,反应器采用自然挂膜法低温启动挂膜,第9天就完成挂膜。经过5个月的运行,在HRT为1.03 h时,反应器对氨氮去除率达到84.8%～99.2%,水力负荷可达到33.68 m^3/（m^2·d）,氨氮容积负荷达到0.60 kg/（m^3·d）,氨氮去除速率能达到0.53 kg/（m^3·d）。对NO2--N、TP、CODCr、TOC、UV254、浊度的去除率分别为40.7%～69.9%、9.26%～27.1%、8.22%～41.1%、9.49%～29.8%、11.4%～19.5%、27.0%～62.8%。微生物镜检表明此反应器生物相丰富,生物量大。     

Flocculation behaviors of a novel papermaking sludge-based flocculant in practical printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

•PSBF performed better than PAC and PAM in CODCr removals. •PSBF was more insensitive to changing pH than PAC and PAM. •PAC could remove humic acid-like pollutants and dye particles. •PSBF was efficient in removing tryptophan-like pollutants from PPDW. •A secondary coagulation-flocculation process (PAC→PSBF) is proposed here. In our previous studies, several papermaking sludge-based flocculants (PSBFs) were synthesized from wood pulp papermaking sludge. The structure-activity relationships of the PSBFs have been investigated in simulated dye wastewater treatment, but their efficiencies in practical printing and dyeing wastewater (PPDW) treatment are unknown. Herein, an PSBF was prepared, and its performance is discussed in comparison to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) in PPDW treatment. The PSBF was used in three ways: as an independent flocculant, as a PAC aid, or used to treat the effluent of the PAC system. The results indicated that adding PSBF alone produced similar color and chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) removals as the PAC system alone, but PSBF performed better than PAC when the pH of PPDW was higher than 7.0. Adding PSBF as a PAC aid improved the color, COD_Cr and turbidity removals, but the elimination efficiencies were slightly lower than those of the PAC+ PAM system. However, when PSBF was used as a flocculant to treat the effluent of the PAC system (PAC→PSBF), the effluent qualities were enhanced. Compared with the PAC system, the color and COD_Cr removals of PAC→PSBF system increased by 16.21% and 13.26%, respectively. The excitation and emission matrix fluorescence results indicated that PSBF removed tryptophan-like pollutants more efficiently than PAC. Considering the pH requirements of the subsequent bioreactor treatment in practice, the PAC→PSBF system were also investigated at the PPDW pH level of 7.0. Its maximum removal efficiencies of color, COD_Cr and turbidity were 90.17%, 32.60% and 82.50%, respectively.     

腐殖质对二氧化锰引起的五氯酚转化反应的影响

研究了在二氧化锰催化引起的五氯酚的转化反应中,腐殖质前身化合物的加入对五氯酚去除率的影响,并以p-coumaricacid为代表研究了体系pH值、反应时间、二氧化锰的质量浓度以及腐殖质前生物的浓度和分子结构对去除率的影响。结果表明,反应的最佳pH值范围是4～4.70,去除率在80%左右。五氯酚在24h内去除速率较快,去除率达到75%左右;反应到168h,去除速率趋于0,去除率达到80%左右。相同条件下,无p-coumaricacid的对照体系中,对应的反应时间内去除率仅分别为20%和25%左右。五氯酚的去除率还随二氧化锰质量浓度和p-coumaricacid浓度的增加而增大。当二氧化锰的质量浓度由0增加到100g·L-1时,去除率由0增大为95%;而当p-coumaricacid的浓度由0增加到1mmol·L-1时,去除率由25%增大到100%左右。此外,不同腐殖质前身物的分子结构和浓度对去除率分别起到了提高、不明显改变和降低的作用。     

铝矿赤泥强化聚合氯化铝混凝除磷试验研究

对聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加赤泥前后的除磷效果及絮体进行了研究.结果表明,赤泥对PO3-4有吸附作用;投加一定量赤泥,提高了实验室模拟废水和实际污水中磷的去除率;与单用PAC相比,赤泥的加入增强了絮体的持磷性,增加了絮体的密实度,缩小了底泥的体积,强化了PAC的除磷性能.