介质阻挡放电常压降解哈隆的研究

本文以介质阻挡放电的方式产生低温等离子体,利用低温等离子体技术成功地降解了常压状况下的气态ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ,ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ含量为０．６％的空气在放电１０ｓ的条件下,可使ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ达到９５％的降解率。本文研究了常压状况下的ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ低温等离子体空间反应机理,以及ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ初妈压力,电场强度和外加气体分别对低温等离子体降解ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的影响。     

高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)安全强化低温低浊水处理

通过中试试验考察了高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)安全强化低温低浊水的处理效能,对其强化混凝,强化过滤效果与预氯化处理进行了对比．试验表明,PPC预处理技术在助凝、助滤、去除水体中有机污染物等方面都具有比预氯化更好的处理效果,该项技术对于低温低浊期的水处理具有很好的应用前景．     

氯苯类易挥发有机污染土壤异位低温热脱附实例研究

针对南京市某大型化工企业退役场地,结合场地修复目标,使用生石灰对场地氯苯类挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)污染土壤进行异位低温热脱附处理。实验室试验结果表明,该方法可有效去除土壤中的VOCs,处理后各污染物去除率均达85%以上。在现场试验中,采用专业土壤修复设备KH200进行土壤破碎和药剂混合,处理过程全封闭运行,可有效降低扬尘等问题。通过投加生石灰提高土壤温度、降低土壤含水量的方法,有效地促进了土壤中VOCs的解吸和挥发,是一种高效率、低成本的土壤修复技术,经过KH200修复设备处理后土壤中各污染物均达到场地修复目标,具备工程应用可行性。     

采用烧结法降低垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出毒性的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）对垃圾焚烧飞灰和造粒烧结后试样中重金属的浸出量进行分析.研究表明,随着烧结时间的增加和烧结温度的提高,大多数重金属浸出毒性都有所降低.对造粒后的飞灰物料进行低温烧结处理,烧结工艺参数可初步定为造粒直径为15mm,烧结温度为950℃-1100℃,烧结时间约为20min.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法在土壤环境监测中的应用及进展

电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）作为高灵敏度的分析仪器,已被许多国家应用于环境监测中.本文综述了近年来电感耦合等离子体质谱在土壤样品分析测试中的应用,重点比较了土壤样品前处理中不同的消解体系和消解方式,介绍了激光熔蚀法、氢化物发生法和碰撞反应池技术等土壤环境监测中的新方法,以及ICP-MS在土壤环境监测中用于稀土元...     

浅谈堆肥设备

随着堆肥技术在不同固体废弃物处理中的广泛应用，与之相关的堆肥设备得到了极大的发展，堆肥设备包括物料处理、翻堆、反应器和除臭设备。家庭堆肥器和小容量反应器堆肥系统是堆肥设备新的发展趋势。     

高压脉冲放电等离子体活化NH3还原去除NO

NO如直接排放会引起酸雨、光化学烟雾等一系列大气环境问题,采用高压脉冲放电等离子体活化NH3还原去除NO,这种新方法结合了脉冲放电等离子体技术和催化还原技术的优点来提高NO的去除率。采用浸渍法制备催化剂V2O5/TiO2,用NH3作为还原气体,升温的同时利用针头作为阳极,大地作为阴极进行放电处理。结果表明,在有氧条件下(含氧量为10%),当V2O5含量为4.5%,温度为310℃,脉冲电源电压在14000～22000V变化时,NO的去除率可达95.3%。还探讨了放电等离子体活化NH3去除NO的机理。     

低温胁迫对腰果幼苗叶片组织结构和生理指标的影响

以腰果无性系FL30为材料,初步研究了10、12、15℃低温胁迫和不同低温处理时间,对腰果幼苗叶片组织结构和叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等生理指标的影响.结果与分析表明:低温胁迫对腰果幼苗叶片CTR值没有太大影响;低温胁迫下,随着时间的延长,腰果幼苗叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,处理时间相同时,温度越低,叶绿素含量下降的幅度越大;随着低温胁迫时间的延长,腰果叶片内POD、CAT活性先上升后迅速下降,胁迫温度不同,POD活性上升的幅度和持续时间不同,与10、12℃低温处理相比,15℃低温处理的POD活性上升较为缓慢和持久;低温胁迫下,CAT活性上升幅度较小,温度越低,CAT活性上升幅度越小,上升持续时间也越短.     

浊点萃取技术在环境样品痕量元素分析中的应用研究进展

浊点萃取法是近年来发展起来的一种绿色环保的样品前处理技术.本文详细介绍了浊点萃取方法的原理,对国内外近5年来(2008年—至今)利用浊点萃取与几种常见的原子光谱分析仪器以及与电感耦合等离子体质谱仪联用技术,在环境样品中痕量元素分离和富集以及形态分析中的应用研究进展进行了评述.同时对浊点萃取技术目前的最新发展方向、尚存在的问题以及发展前景进行了逐一探讨.     

介质阻挡放电与活性炭纤维协同去除水中的3,4-二氯苯胺木

采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)非平衡等离子体与活性炭纤维(ACF)相联合的方法去除水中3,4-二氯苯胺(3,4-DCA),考察了放电功率、空气流量、溶液初始浓度、电导率、pH值以及活性炭纤维用量等因素对联合处理效率的影响,并分析了可能的去除机理.实验结果表明,在DBD非平衡等离子体与ACF联合处理有机污染物3,4-DCA的...     

生态经济系统的一种整合评价方法:能值理论与分析方法

能值理论与分析方法是目前系统生态学和生态经济学发展的新成果，为复合生态系统开拓了一条定量研究途径，是连接生态学和经济学的桥梁。其理论研究与实践应用具有重要的科学意义和应用意义。文章论述了能值分析理论与分析方法的产生背景、过程、主要的基本概念、特点，指出了其需要解决的问题；并以种植业系统为例，简要介绍了能值分析的基本方法和步骤以及能值指标的计算。     

Kriging插值法在植物物种地理分布空间格局研究中的应用

Kriging插值法是一种定量化描述地理空间分布格局的方法,主要应用于空间采样以及相关的一些空间格局分析。而物种的地理空间分布是物种在自然及人类活动共同作用下的结果。物种分布的研究目前主要从气候的角度来探讨其与气候之间的关系,并取得了很好的结果,但是仅从气候考虑又有局限性,而且很难真实地反映出物种地理空间的分布格局。因此,将Kriging插值法引进到物种分布的研究中,并以我国广泛分布的物种——栓皮栎为例,探讨其可行性。结果表明：Kriging插值法能很好地拟合物种地理空间分布的实际情况,其误差程度较小。该研究的结果可为物种资源的开发利用和物种的引种栽培提供理论依据。     

中国农业地质工作展望

农业地质学是20世纪80年代初兴起的一门以地质学的理论研究农业有关问题的边缘学科。研究农业地质对农业生产有重要意义。文章扼要地论述了研究农业地质的目的和内容,介绍了国内农业地质研究现状,并对中国农业地质工作的发展趋势作了展望。     

青稞B-hordein基因表达载体构建及对小麦的遗传转化

利用从具有特殊B-hordein亚基组成的青藏高原青稞材料中克隆的B-hordein编码基因(SL60)和小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基胚乳特异表达启动子PGlu1Dx构建了真核表达载体pCB2007-SL60.通过农杆菌介导对普通小麦进行遗传转化,共获得227株再生植株,经PCR鉴定和转化片段测序验证,最终获得5株阳性植株.研究为进一步分析B-hordein基因在小麦背景中的遗传和表达,以及对小麦加工特性的影响奠定了基础.图5表2参21     

Recycling of tailings from Korea Molybdenum Corporation as admixture for high-fluidity concrete

The main objective of this study is to develop an eco-friendly and a large recycling technique of flotation Tailings from korea (TK) from metal mines as construction materials such as admixtures for high-fluidity concrete (HFC). TK used in this study was obtained from the Korea Molybdenum Corporation in operation. TK was used as the alternative material to adjust flowability and viscosity of HFC in the form of powder agent which enables adjustment of concrete compressive strength. In this study, we have performed concrete rheological tests and concrete flowability tests to obtain the quality characteristics of TK for using as the admixture in producing HFC. The results indicated that the adequate mix ratio of cement to TK should be 8:2 (vol%). It is more effective to use the TK as admixture to control flowability, viscosity and strength of HFC than the normal concrete. It was found that TK could be recycled construction materials in bulk such as admixture for HFC, in terms of the economic and eco-friendly aspects.     

Recycling of tailings from Korea Molybdenum Corporation as admixture for high-fluidity concrete

The main objective of this study is to develop an eco-friendly and a large recycling technique of flotation Tailings from korea (TK) from metal mines as construction materials such as admixtures for high-fluidity concrete (HFC). TK used in this study was obtained from the Korea Molybdenum Corporation in operation. TK was used as the alternative material to adjust flowability and viscosity of HFC in the form of powder agent which enables adjustment of concrete compressive strength. In this study, we have performed concrete rheological tests and concrete flowability tests to obtain the quality characteristics of TK for using as the admixture in producing HFC. The results indicated that the adequate mix ratio of cement to TK should be 8:2 (vol%). It is more effective to use the TK as admixture to control flowability, viscosity and strength of HFC than the normal concrete. It was found that TK could be recycled construction materials in bulk such as admixture for HFC, in terms of the economic and eco-friendly aspects.     

Impacts of changes in rangeland management laws and policies on grazing flexibility and pastoral livelihoods in Inner Mongolia,China

Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of China and has a long history of pastoralism. It is a predominately arid and semi-arid region with annual precipitation of 20–500 mm from the west to east. Prior to intervention of modern rangeland management laws and policies, the pastoralists in Inner Mongolia responded to variability in ecological condition and patchiness of rangeland resources via flexible rangeland management. However, since the 1950s, some rangeland management laws and policies have affected the flexibility of rangeland management in Inner Mongolia. This study investigated the impacts of changes of rangeland management laws and policies on grazing flexibility in Inner Mongolia, and discussed whether it is desirable to allow flexibility of grazing management in Inner Mongolia, and what are the possible directions to encourage the flexibility. First, the study investigated the historical and current policies of rangeland management in Inner Mongolia from the perspective of property rights. Second, the study identified and analysed how some of the previous collectivisation and privatisation policies of the rangeland resources and livestock have affected grazing flexibility in this region. Third, this study discussed whether a higher level of flexibility of grazing management is desirable in Inner Mongolia and gave recommendations on the possible directions to encourage the flexibility of grazing management. The study drew on theories of rangeland management in Inner Mongolia, Mongolia and parts of Africa and has increased the understanding of grazing flexibility in Inner Mongolia. It is a step towards more sustainable rangeland management and development in Inner Mongolia.     

Feed utilisation and growth in juveniles of Labeo rohita under the stress of endosulfan

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the nutrition and growth of Labeo rohita under the sublethal stress of endosulfan. It has been observed that the feed utilisation and growth were inferior in the fish under the stress of the toxicant. It was more so in the test fish under the influence of higher sublethal concentration. The food conversion ratio was higher suggesting that the nutrients are wasted.     

Male exposure mediated adverse reproductive outcomes in carbon disulphide exposed rayon workers

The authors examined 100 carbon disulphide (CS2) exposed male workers who had been employed ten years prior to study were selected for the study. They were virtually obliged to participate in the study by the Medical Labor Inspector and all of them participated voluntary. The aim was to assess the effects of occupational exposure to carbon disulphide concentrations below the threshold limit value (31 mg/m3) on the reproductive functions with special emphasis on miscarriages. Specially, workers history records were build up on number of children, miscarriages and general weakness, mental fatigue etc. It was found that the incidences of number of miscarriages against number of living children correlated well with environmental concentration of CS2. Where the average CS2 levels were 1.695 ppm, the incidences of miscarriages was 5.71% (group 1). Where as in group 2 environmental concentrations were 12.28 ppm and the incidences of miscarriages were 18.91%. It was also found that in the spinning department the exposure exceeds many times the Threshold Limit Values (TL V).     

民勤绿洲天然胡杨林生长季土壤水盐动态

利用经典统计学与地统计学方法研究民勤绿洲天然胡杨林生长季的土壤水盐动态变化规律。结果表明,民勤县双茨科乡和苏武乡土壤含水量随土层深度增加而增大,夹河乡土壤含水量则随土层深度增加先增大后减小。研究区0～20 cm土壤含水量较低,为8.5～34.0 g.kg-1,平均值为18.2 g.kg-1。土壤含水量属中等变异性,且呈中等程度的空间相关性。各季节土壤含水量从高到低依次为春季、秋季和夏季。土壤全盐量属中等变异性,总体变化趋势为随土层深度增加而减小,夹河、苏武和双茨科乡0～20 cm土壤全盐量平均值分别为15.4、28.0和11.1 g.kg-1。各季节土壤全盐量由高到低依次为春季、夏季和秋季。胡杨胸径与土壤水盐含量间呈负相关。