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Summary The solution to the problem of acid rain is perhaps one of the main environmental and political issues facing the peoples of the industrialized nations, and their neighbours today. There is no doubt about the damage which acid rain has caused, but what remains unclear are the precise causes of acid rain and the most efficacious means of reducing its environmental, economic and political impacts. We have presented a balanced look at the differing points of view on the current state of knowledge in acid rain research with respect to atmospheric processes, environmental effects, measurement procedures, and the legal and political issues surrounding acid rain. This review indicates that the atmospheric processes creating and transporting acid rain are not well enough understood to enable its reduction with any guarantee of success. This conclusion is based on the confusing or conflicting evidence presented by recent scientific studies. It appears that more research must be undertaken to understand the problem of acid rain before final recommendations may be made for its solution.Mr Eney is a lecturer and Dr. Petzold is Professor of Climatology in the Department of Geography at the University of Maryland. They have recently completed research on the spatial distribution of acid rain over the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area of USA. 相似文献
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中国南方酸雨的分布特征及其成因分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文阐述了酸雨的危害、近几年中国南方地区酸雨的污染的时空分布状况、酸雨的成因等3方面的内容。研究表明:我国南方酸雨区的酸雨污染状况基本上处在一个稳定的时期。降水pH〈5的区域有从长江中上游向长江中下游发展的趋势;在时间分布上,秋季冬季降水pH低,酸雨发生的频率高;春季夏季降水pH高,酸雨发生的频率低。在酸雨的成因上,着重讨论了大气性质、污染物的迁移和扩散、气候条件、大气中颗粒物浓度以及土壤性质对酸雨形成的影响。 相似文献
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pH值是衡量降水酸性的重要指标。本文研究了都匀市降水pH值的变化趋势,并对其酸性降水的特征进行分析,提出了保护大气质量,降低酸雨频率的对策建议。 相似文献
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本文以长势良好且树龄相同的木兰科植物白兰花(Michelia alba.DC)为实验材料,采用盆栽方式,用模拟酸雨的处理方法,研究了其在模拟酸雨胁迫下的抗氧化酶系统和丙二醛(MDA)的变化规律。结果表明,pH2.0酸雨比pH3.0和pH4.0对白兰花的影响更大,到第六次喷施酸雨时,SOD、POD、CAT酶活性均低于对照;各处理MDA含量在第六次处理时达到最高值,且均与对照呈显著性差异(P0.05)。说明酸雨胁迫对白兰花的影响较大,白兰花在酸雨胁迫下抗逆性和耐受性较弱,其结果为酸雨控制区选择城市绿化植物提供重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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四川省酸性降水范围,趋势预测及其对农作物,蔬菜生长影响估损 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文在综述四川酸性降水范围、发展趋势预测的基础上,根据野外调查、现场考察和有关资料,阐述了酸雨形成的多种污染源及其对农业生态系统的危害。着重分析和论证了酸沉降(含酸雨、酸雾)对农作蔬菜的影响,并对酸沉降形成的主要几种污染影响范围和造成的经济损失采用分项估算法。估算公式为:S农损=D粮损×g×J+E蔬损×g×J+F油损×g×J,式中D、E、F分别代表粮食、蔬菜、油菜受酸沉降污染危害影响面积,g为每亩面积减产数量,J为单位产量价格。根据公式估算,经济损失为059-066亿元/年,取平均值≈S农损,总共为063亿元/年。 相似文献
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四川酸雨的综合防治对策研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在四川酸雨来源、成因、危害的基础上,结合国内外酸雨防治的经验,确定了四川酸雨的主要控制因子、控制目标和致酸污染物的削减率。针对四川的特点,提出了控制四川酸雨的战略和工程措施,为四川的经济发展、城市建设与环境保护等的规划、决策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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湖南省酸雨现状与成因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
湖南省是地处中南的酸雨污染严重区域。本文依据湖南省1993—1999年监测酸雨的数据资料,对湖南省酸雨的现状特征作了简要的阐述,对湖南省酸雨的成因进行了较为系统的分析,并对酸雨的发展趋势进行了预测,初步提出了一些酸雨防治对策。 相似文献
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鹰潭市酸雨污染现状、趋势与成因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
吴送先 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2011,21(4):59-61,73
采用2001-2010年降水监测数据,全面系统地研究分析鹰潭市酸雨污染现状、变化规律,并从环境空气质量、区域污染物输送、气象因素和土壤性质等方面探讨酸雨形成的主要原因,得出区域输送是鹰潭市酸雨污染的主要因素。 相似文献
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本文对2006年泸州市的酸雨污染状况,以及降水中阴、阳离子成分进行了分析,为确定泸州市酸雨污染原因和酸雨类型提供了依据,并对降低酸雨污染提出了控制措施。 相似文献
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依据山东省多年来的降水观测资料,评价了酸雨污染现状,研究了酸雨时空分布规律.通过对主要酸雨前体物的排放强度与降水酸度的关系,土壤酸碱性与降水酸度的关系,以及气象条件对酸雨影响的分析,探讨了山东省酸雨的成因. 相似文献
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大气中SO2的液相氧化研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大气中SO2液相氧化是形成酸雨的重要途径,降雨中含有各种无机离子和有机物质,它们可能催化或抑制液相氧化反应的进行。本文根据四川酸雨样品组成,进行了SO2在模拟雨水及实际雨水中的氧化实验,考查了V,Fe,Mn等离子对SO2氧化的催化作用,H2O2对SO2的氧化以及降水中有机物质甲醛对各反应的影响。实验结果为了解酸雨的成固,研究酸雨控制对策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Soil monoliths from an area exposed to acid precipitation and from an unpolluted area were used in a lysimeter experiment to study effects of different rain qualities on the chemical composition of the leachate from shallow soils rich in organic matter. The vegetation was either dominated by moorgrass [Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench] or heather [Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull]. The lysimeters received either "acid rain" (pH 4.3) or "normal rain" (pH 5.3). High concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were characteristic of the leachate. The different "rain" qualities had no significant influence on the DOC concentration. More DOC was, however, leached from lysimeters with heather vegetation. Roughly 50% of the aluminum (Al) was in complex with organic material and the Al charge was calculated to be between +1.4 and +2.0. Sulfate (SO4(2-)) was the only component that was significantly influenced by the treatment, as more was leached from lysimeters receiving "acid rain." Sulfate was poorly correlated with pH, suggesting that reduced SO4(2-) input would not necessarily lead to reduced acidity. Differences in the pH of the leachate due to the treatments were less than 0.15 pH units. Nitrate (NO3-) was only leached in very low concentrations and of little consequence for the leachate acidity. Some observations do, however, suggest that NO3- may contribute to acidification in episodes with high precipitation. High concentrations of Cl- in the leachate and a significant positive correlation between Cl-, H+, and base cations indicate that sea salt episodes may be important for soil acidification and acidity of the leachate. 相似文献
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用灰色系统理论GM(1,1)建立大气降水中酸雨pH值的预测模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文用灰色系统理论GM(1,1)建立了大气降水中pH值的预测模型。经三种不同方法检验。对我市1990—1993年大气降水中酸雨pH值进行了预测,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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David G. Streets 《Environmental management》1989,13(4):393-399
The United States is finding it difficult to develop a coherent policy on acid rain. Despite more than a decade of scientific research and policy initiatives, no clear course of action has been identified. This article argues that what is missing is an integrated assessment of the scientific knowledge that will guide the political process. The role of the integrated assessment is described, and a conceptual framework presented that would accomplish the desired goal. Currently available acid rain assessment models are compared against this framework and found to be less than satisfactory. The article concludes by stressing the opportunity now available to the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program to perform such an assessment and break the logjam. 相似文献
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南充市近十年酸雨变化特征及降水化学组成研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
依据南充市2003~2012年城区降水环境监测统计资料,分析了酸雨变化特征及降水离子化学组成。研究表明:这十年,酸雨频率平均为50.4%,2007年降雨量为最高,呈波动递减趋势变化,降水年平均pH值为4.88,呈现"低—高—低"的变化特征,城区酸雨频率和降水pH值月均值变化呈现高低交替的波动趋势。城区降水中主要阳离子成分是Ca2+,主要阴离子成分是SO2-4和NO-3。(SO2-4/NO-3)比值逐年下降,平均比值为7.82,酸雨污染类型仍以硫酸型为主;降水(NH+4+Ca2+)/(SO2-4+NO-3)和Ca2+/NH+4比值呈波动性变化,2007年分别达到最高值为6.71和50.27,除2010年比值均较低小于1外,近年来均有增加趋势,表明碱性离子缓冲能力增强了,降水酸度降低,pH值增加,但2007年pH值较低,主要与降雨量有关。综合分析,降水酸度不仅是酸性离子和碱性离子中和作用,也受其他离子浓度和降雨量、风向等气候条件、距离传输以及地形等影响。 相似文献
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模拟酸雨对油菜生长影响的试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
酸雨对陆生生态环境及农作物的影响已引起人们的关注。国外有关这方面的研究已有不少报道,国内有过模拟酸雨对蔬菜、水稻、小麦生长影响的研究报道,但对油菜影响的研究报道尚未见到。为了正确估价酸雨对成都平原油菜生长可能产生的影响,本试验设计了采用盆栽与田间试验相结合的方法,进行模拟酸雨对油菜生长影响的试验研究,现将模拟酸雨对油菜的伤害症状、产量及品质的影响报道于下。 相似文献