四川省农业循环经济发展状况评估

通过构建以经济社会发展、资源物资投入、资源循环利用以及资源环境安全四大类指标构成的农业循环经济综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法,采用综合评价指数及障碍度对四川省2006年~2011年的农业循环经济发展状态进行了评价。结果表明:四川省农业循环经济发展总体状况逐年趋好,对农业循环经济发展的影响程度从大到小的因素是资源物资投入、经济社会发展、资源环境安全及物质循环利用。     

江苏省第三产业循环经济综合评价研究

以第三产业循环经济发展综合研究作为立足点，构建了产业及社会发展、资源减量投入、资源再循环利用、污染减排、资源与环境安全五方面的评价指标体系，然后对收集的数据进行标准化处理、确定评价指标权重，最后进行综合评价；根据综合评价结果，1985—2003年间江苏省第三产业循环经济发展分为萌芽阶段（1985—1992年）、起步阶段（1993～1999年）、快速发展阶段（2000～2003年）三个阶段；由此得出江苏省第三产业循环经济在以较快的速度发展，但是由于资源利用效率较低，目前还处于循环经济发展的初级阶段；据此，论文根据江苏省循环经济发展现状提出政策建议，具体是：制定发展第三产业循环经济的相关政策、明确第三产业循环经济指导方针、总体定位和具体实施的途径、采取经济措施促进第三产业循环经济发展、激励循环利用技术的采用与推广、促进公共参与。     

新时代循环经济发展助力美丽中国建设的路径与方向

世界主要经济体普遍把发展循环经济作为破解资源环境约束、应对气候变化、培育经济新增长点的基本路径。发展循环经济是推进生态优先、节约集约、发展方式绿色转型的必要途径,也是推进美丽中国建设的必然要求。本文从全球视野分析了物质资源消耗与经济社会发展的关系,提出了发展循环经济的战略价值,结合新时代背景阐释了循环经济发展的新内涵及其助推碳减排的关键路径。同时,分析了当前循环经济发展存在的问题,从完善循环经济评价体系、构建循环经济治理路径的实施方案、推动政用产学研融合技术创新体系、加强立法及配套政策的可操作性和完善智慧平台建设等方面提出了若干建议。     

对发展循环经济促进经济增长方式转变的思考

我国是一个人口众多、人均资源相对匮乏的国家 ,多年来支撑经济快速增长的主要是传统经济发展模式。随着工业化、城市化的迅速发展以及人口的不断增长 ,传统经济发展模式已给资源和环境带来巨大压力。循环经济作为一种新型经济发展模式 ,通过实现资源投入的减量化、产品生产的再使用和废弃物的再循环 ,最终达到“最佳生产、最适消费、最少废弃” ,可以从根本上改变我国资源过度消耗和环境污染严重的局面 ,使经济增长方式得到根本性转变。文章从阐述循环经济的基本涵义出发 ,对其在实现可持续发展和经济增长方式的根本性转变方面的重大作用进行分析 ,提出了展开循环经济实践的对策措施     

废弃物资源化理论研究综述:价值流转视角

通过对废弃物资源化相关研究的梳理,阐述了废弃物资源化的物质流动与价值流转机理、价值流转核算与分析、价值补偿政策。工业园区作为发展循环经济的重要载体,是实现废弃物资源化的重要集中地。因此,废弃物资源化的价值流转研究应从企业层面扩展至园区层面,在园区构建"物质流动—价值流转"二维分析模式,将废弃物资源化的价值流转放在园区经济主体中进行核算和分析,形成以市场为主导、政府积极支持的废弃物资源化机制,充分挖掘各类废弃物资源化价值,提高资源化效率,实现园区资源(能源)节约与环境负荷降低的"双赢"模式。     

大力发展循环经济积极探索科学发展的新路子

循环经济是中国实现可持续发展战略的一种新的经济形态。发展循环经济是落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会的重要内容之一，具有缓解资源约束矛盾的作用，能从根本上减轻环境污染。因此，要从企业、产业、区域层面积极推进循环经济的发展，确保循环经济发展取得实效。     

发展循环经济、提高矿山生产的资源利用率——以伊犁阿希金矿为例

开展循环经济不仅是现代企业追求永续发展的必由之路，也是实现社会、经济和环境协调发展的必然选择。以新疆阿希金矿为例，对企业以追求更大的经济效益、更少的资源消耗、更低的环境污染为经济发展模式，确保企业的可持续发展。     

环境保护优先循环经济为本——天津循环经济模式形成侧记

1990年初，本市政府就开始引人循环经济理念，成为国内较早倡导发展循环经济的地区之一。经过多年努力，尤其在经济技术开发区等成为全国的循环经济试点后，本市在解决资源消耗与经济发展的协调问题上找到了出路。“九五”以来，本市经济—直以年均11％以上的速度快速增长，但能源、水资源消耗量并未同步增加。同期水资源消耗还出现负增长，能源消费的弹性系数出现负值，     

本期导读

正"十三五"是中国开创未来的关键时期,是全面建成小康社会的决胜阶段。在十三五规划纲要中,低碳循环经济被明确为企业、产业、园区与社会发展的一个重要目标。循环经济是将物质生产与生活的线性模式转化为"资源—产品—废物—再生资源"的循环型发展模式,目的在于以较少的资源消耗和较低的环境成本,实现社会经济健康持续发展。可以说,发展循环经济是一场深刻的社会变革。它不仅要求社会主产     

基于DEA模型的淮南煤炭产业生态效率评估

为了评估煤炭产业经济发展对生态环境造成的影响,从生态效率的角度,采用DEA模型,从环境污染、资源消耗和经济产出三方面选取指标,分析了淮南市2010—2016年煤炭产业生态效率。结果发现,淮南市煤炭产业生态效率呈现波动式发展,其主要原因是煤炭产业规模无效扩大,造成投入要素无法达到最佳组合。针对这一现状,从合理配置资源、大力发展第三产业、发展循环经济、加强科技创新、开发新能源产业、发展生态农业等方面提出了对策。     

A comprehensive set of resource use indicators from the micro to the macro level

Many of today's most urgent environmental problems arise from increasing volumes of worldwide production and consumption and the associated use of natural resources, including renewable and non-renewable raw materials, energy, water and land. Solid indicators to measure different dimensions of anthropogenic resource use are essential for designing appropriate policy measures for a sustainable management of these resources. Based on a brief review of the current state of the art of resource use indicators, this paper suggests a new set of complementary resource use indicators, combining existing measures for resource use. The suggested indicator set covers the core resource input categories of materials, water and land area and includes the output category of greenhouse gas emissions. This set can be applied consistently from the micro level of products and companies up to the macro level of countries and world regions. All suggested indicators take a life-cycle wide perspective on production and consumption activities. This set of indicators deals with the issue of the overall scale of the human production and consumption system. It can be regarded as the general indicator framework, based on which more specific indicators, for example, on different environmental impacts related to natural resource use, can be calculated.     

Ecological Sustainability in Greek Agriculture: An Application of Energy Flow Approach

This study uses an energy flow approach to investigate the ecological sustainability of Greek agriculture. The approach is based on the analysis of ratios of energy output and energy input over a long period of time. Structural changes in land use in Greek agriculture were observed over the period 1961–98. There was an increasing trend in consumption of energy input in Greek agriculture throughout the period 1961 to 1998 as a result of diffusion of capital intensive technology. High growth in the production of energy output of cereals and vegetables was observed during the same period. The total energy output flow had a sharp increasing trend during 1961 to 1991, thereafter it declined slightly until 1998. The ratio analysis showed that the Greek agricultural system is ecologically sustainable as the energy output exceeded the amount of conventional energy required to produce it.     

福建省经济系统物质流分析研究

运用物质流分析(MFA)方法,对福建省经济系统在1990~2008年间的物质输入与输出进行系统地分析,探讨了福建省经济发展与环境压力的关系。研究结果表明,福建省"资源高投入"的粗放型经济发展模式没有实现根本转变。主要结论有:(1)福建省物质输入量不断上升,能源需求急剧增长;(2)隐藏流不断增加,矿产资源地生态包袱不断增大;(3)区域过程排放缓慢上升,大气污染物排放为主要推动因子;(4)物质需求强度有反弹趋势,经济发展与物质需求出现扩张性"复钩"。最后,对福建省经济可持续发展提出了大力提高资源能源利用率、推进循环经济发展、优化产业结构、继续强化环境综合整治等建议。     

Input- and output-oriented approaches to implementing ecosystem management

Input- and output-oriented approaches to landscape management have distinct roles for resource protection, environmental restoration, and sustainable land management. Implementing recent proposals for ecosystem management in the western United States involves a synthesis of input and output management. Within the broader context of ecosystem management, input management focuses on tailoring land use to the landscape, whereas output management employs assessments of resource condition to trigger modified management activity once resources are degraded to specified threshold conditions. Current approaches to landscape-scale management, however, tend to rely primarily on output-oriented strategies that are most effective for monitoring environmental conditions. Current uses of input management focus on environmental impact assessments, which generally are site- or project-specific analyses. The compeexity and dynamic nature of ecosystems, and the range of scales over which ecological processes operate, imply that development and incorporation of input-oriented approaches into landscape-scale management is necessary to implement ecosystem management as a strategy for sustainable land use.     

A method for regional-scale material flow and decoupling analysis: A demonstration case study of Aichi prefecture,Japan

We have developed a method to analyse the annual material flow in a prefecture and have calculated environmental indicators for a prefecture. Material flow analysis (MFA) is important to clarify the structure of a regional society and obtain environmental indicators for a circular society. However, MFA has not advanced in local governments because of few local statistics. We have developed a method to analyse the annual material flow in Aichi prefecture from 1980 to 2000 using an input–output (I–O) table and statistics of Aichi. We have verified the accuracy of this method by comparing its results for 2000 which calculated on the basis of official I–O table for 1995 with the I–O table data for 2000; the correlation coefficient obtained in this case is greater than 0.95. Moreover, by performing MFA, we have estimated the resource consumption and decoupling indicator of each industry in Aichi prefecture from 1980 to 2000. We could obtain more detailed and accurate environmental indicators by using our method. From these results, we could estimate the progress of Aichi prefecture towards a circular society.     

关于炼化企业水资源利用的几点思考

通过对我国水资源状况及石化行业水消耗情况分析,找出我国石化企业新鲜水用量,污水排放在绝对量,吨原油、万元产值的单耗,单排等方面与国外相比较存在的差距。指出存在的主要问题是:清污分流不彻底;污污分流不健全;汽提后的净化水回用量小;新鲜水冲洗地面及作为机泵冷却水直排,导致新鲜水的浪费。同时针对以上问题提出相应的建议参考指标及对应措施。     

Energy policies and collective self-reliance of the Third World

This paper reviews the broad pattern of energy use, output and consumption. The voracious consumption of non-renewable energy resources by the developed countries could exhaust this asset just when the accelerated development of the Third World would begin to gather momentum, thus denying them for their own use what is primarily their major resource. The paper underlines the critical importance of cooperative policies aimed at collective self-reliance of the Third World to ensure adequate availability of energy for its development.     

含油污泥资源化技术研究进展＊

含油污泥资源化技术的研究,应该重视多种热源热解技术开发,包括微波热解技术的研究。文章着重对含油污泥热解技术的研究进行了总结,包括微波热解技术的进展情况。研究得出:热解技术有望在固体废物处置及其资源化、有机质热解作低碳能源等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。开展含油污泥资源化研究,对解决我国国民经济持续发展过程中面临的能源短缺和环境挑战问题具有重要意义。     

都市现代农业的环境影响及其治理——以成都市为例

以高投入、高消耗、高产出和高排放为特征的都市现代农业,对环境具有更大、更直接的影响,但只要选择恰当的模式,都市现代农业能够与环境实现协调发展。本文总结了成都市几种环境友好型现代农业发展模式,提出了促进环境与现代农业进一步协调的途径与对策,对全国的都市农业的发展有参考价值。     

Understanding the anthropogenic phosphorus pathway with substance flow analysis at the city level

Excessive input of phosphorus into natural water bodies as a result of anthropogenic processes is an escalating factor that leads to eutrophication. Hence, quantifying the pathway of phosphorus throughout the socioeconomic system is essential for the selection of appropriate measures to mitigate phosphorus discharge. The study develops an analytical model of anthropogenic phosphorus flows within a socioeconomic system based on substance flow analysis. The model consists of five major subsystems: the phosphorous chemical industry, agriculture, animal feeding, human consumption, and waste management. The results show that the total input and output of phosphorus in Chaohu City over 2008 are 8517.70 ton (t) and 4682.76 t, respectively. The estimation of phosphorus discharged into local surface water is 544.22 t, which primarily comes from agriculture (391.99 t, 72.03%), followed by large-scale farming (55.70 t, 10.23%), rural consumption (56.81 t, 10.44%), urban consumption (30.42 t, 5.59%), and waste management (9.30 t, 1.71%). Intensive input of fertilizers in agricultural practices was identified as the most important source of phosphorus load on local surface water. Hence, we propose that the eutrophication of local water bodies could be addressed by optimizing local industrial structure, developing ecological and organic-based agriculture, and improving waste collection and disposal practices.