全域旅游背景下福州市休闲旅游资源空间分异及成因

基于福州市市域休闲旅游资源兴趣点POI数据,分析了该市休闲旅游资源空间分异特征,并探讨了其影响因素。结果表明:①福州市休闲旅游空间分布集聚特征显著,呈现多中心的分布形态,市中心及周边区域形成休闲旅游资源的空间热点区,外围区域相对分散。②全域范围内各乡镇专业化休闲旅游空间差异显著,部分乡镇比较优势突出。③各类型休闲旅游资源空间集聚表现有所不同,随空间尺度范围增大,各类型总体呈现单峰式的集聚分布,集聚程度先增后减。④休闲旅游资源的空间发展差异主要受城镇化发展水平、居民可支配收入、人口密度等因素的影响。     

休闲产业与中等旅游城市可持续发展研究——以安徽芜湖为例

休闲是人类社会文明的产物和表征,其本质属性是社会文化性。休闲产业是休闲的经济学投影,是与旅游业有着天然联系的产业系统,在经济、文化、社会发展中的地位逐步提高。中等旅游城市是促进区域发展的重要力量,但其发展存在普遍性的制约因素。休闲产业则为其可持续发展注入了新的活力,指明了一个方向。结合实证分析了中等旅游城市发展休闲产业的若干思路。     

长沙市文化创意企业空间格局及其影响因素

企业在城市中的布局是理解城市空间结构特征的重要维度之一。以长沙市文化创意企业兴趣点(POI)数据为研究样本数据,利用核密度法、空间自相关法、Ripley’s K(d)函数、区位商指数等分析方法分析了文化创意产业空间格局特征与不同类型文化创意产业空间分异特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①长沙市文化创意产业总体上呈现出"一核一圈多点"的分布格局,且空间集聚特征明显;②基于行业分异视角的多尺度空间集聚差异显著,创意设计、体育休闲、文化传媒、文化教育和文化旅游等类别空间区位选择尺度较大,工艺美术和文化软件等类别空间区位选择的尺度较小;③基于街道层面的专业化功能区块特征差异明显,城市中心区域的街道呈现多种行业类型的集聚特征,而城市边缘区域的街道专业化区块功能较为单一;④中心性、可达性、基础设施、公共服务设施、历史文化资源、环境因素、人才因素和政策因素对文化创意企业区位选择具有显著影响,多因素协同作用下形成不同类型文化创意产业的空间集聚。     

成都市老年人旅游制约因素研究

老龄化社会的来临,为老年旅游市场的发展带来了空前的机遇.然而,老年人的特殊性令众多的旅游企业望而却步,因此对老年人旅游的制约因素进行研究是十分必要的.在国内外相关研究的基础上,以成都市老年人为研究对象,对老年人旅游制约因素进行实证研究.通过因子分析发现,老年人旅游制约主要表现为自身制约、支持制约、经济与经历制约、环境制约四项,其中自身制约为最主要的制约因素.同时,探讨分析了不同人口学特征的老年人在旅游制约因子上的差异以及内在关系.     

我国休闲资源分布特征与影响因素研究

根据休闲资源的内涵,构建以休闲旅游、体育、文化、娱乐等资源为核心的分类及其测度指标体系,选取31个省会城市为研究对象,采用Arc GIS分位制图、核密度分析和资源丰度分析对我国休闲资源分布特征进行研究,并采用相关性及回归方法进一步分析其影响因素。结果表明:我国休闲资源分布整体存在非均衡性,分布呈聚集状态,形成了以北京、天津为核心的京津冀地区,以上海为核心的长三角地区和以重庆为核心的中部地区等三大集聚中心区域。从资源丰度看,我国中等休闲资源丰度水平的城市较多,资源分布结构较为稳定;地区生产总值、人口数、旅游总人数、客运总量、年末实有城市道路面积、人均可支配收入等指标对休闲资源分布呈现显著性影响。     

我国休闲研究进展分析基于CSSCI期刊(1998—2015年)的数据研究

以CSSCI期刊数据库为基础,运用Citespace软件对1998—2015年我国休闲研究领域进行可视化处理,对我国休闲研究进展进行文献分析。研究发现:休闲研究的热点命题众多,可分为持续型研究热点和突现型研究热点。其中,持续性研究热点包括休闲、休闲体育、休闲活动、休闲旅游、休闲生活、休闲教育、休闲行为、休闲时间、休闲空间,突现型研究热点包括休闲经济、休闲消费、休闲产业、休闲文化、旅游、体育休闲、和谐社会、群众体育、休闲方式。各类研究热点交叉融合现象明显,主要归结为休闲体育、休闲行为、休闲旅游、休闲产业、休闲教育、休闲空间、休闲文化、休闲城市等八个方面。大部分研究热点出现在2005年以前,2005年以后出现的研究热点较少,比较明显的研究热点是休闲农业、体育休闲、城市休闲的研究,反映了我国休闲研究在以往的研究中继续深入发展。通过以上分析总结,为休闲研究学者把握本领域的研究情况提供借鉴。     

湖南小城市居民娱乐休闲意向研究

为了准确把握湖南省城市居民娱乐休闲意向的特征及其影响因素,进行了一项辅助和补充研究。通过对宁乡和常德的居民抽样调查得到基础数据,运用因子分析和聚类法得出3个大类生活形态相异的细分市场,采用对应分析和多重反应分析,得出了不同生活形态细分市场的娱乐休闲意向差异,为湖南省的娱乐市场营销问题提供基础数据和结论。     

西安市临潼区生态经济区域划分与分区建设的设想

根据对西安市临潼区自然状况与社会经济状况分析，在充分了解区域生态环境特征、地区差异及存在的主要生态问题的基础上，结合社会经济发展有利条件、制约因素，将该区划分为四个经济分区，对不同类型区域采取不同的社会经济发展和生态环境建设措施。     

我国页岩气开采进程影响因素分析

通过对比美国采区的相关资料,分析中、美两国在成藏条件、地质条件、开采技术、管网设施、环境保护的约束等方面的差异性,系统的总结了影响页岩气开采进程的因素。结果表明我国发育的页岩类型多样、地质条件复杂且未掌握页岩气开发的核心技术、管网设施简单以及环境保护的制约等多方面的因素,是页岩气开采进展缓慢的重要因素。     

基于GIS的县域经济差异与协调发展研究——以陕北地区为例

改革开放以来,陕北地区经济有了突飞猛进的发展,尤其是矿产资源的开发创造了巨大的经济效益。但近几年来,县域经济发展水平的空间差异逐渐扩大,已成为制约该区域经济发展的一大障碍。选取了人均GDP、地均GDP、人均地方财政收入、人均社会消费品零售总额、城镇化水平、在岗职工平均工资和农民人均纯收入7项指标,采用ArcGIS的IDW法模拟和分析了陕北地区经济空间格局,再采用量图分析法将陕北地区25个县级行政区分为先进、中等和落后3种类型,从县域的角度进一步分析经济水平的空间差异,最后对缩小县域经济空间差异和实现县域经济协调发展提出几点建议。     

Impacts of Experimentally Applied Mountain Biking and Hiking on Vegetation and Soil of a Deciduous Forest

Many recent trail degradation problems have been attributed to mountain biking because of its alleged capacity to do more damage than other activities, particularly hiking. This study compared the effects of experimentally applied mountain biking and hiking on the understory vegetation and soil of a deciduous forest. Five different intensities of biking and hiking (i.e., 0, 25, 75, 200 and 500 passes) were applied to 4-m-long × 1-m-wide lanes in Boyne Valley Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Measurements of plant stem density, species richness, and soil exposure were made before treatment, two weeks after treatment, and again one year after treatment. Biking and hiking generally had similar effects on vegetation and soil. Two weeks after treatment, stem density and species richness were reduced by up to 100% of pretreatment values. In addition, the amount of soil exposed increased by up to 54%. One year later, these treatment effects were no longer detectable. These results indicate that at a similar intensity of activity, the short-term impacts of mountain biking and hiking may not differ greatly in the undisturbed area of a deciduous forest habitat. The immediate impacts of both activities can be severe but rapid recovery should be expected when the activities are not allowed to continue. Implications of these results for trail recreation are discussed.     

The influence of use,environmental and managerial factors on the width of recreational trails

This paper evaluates the relative influences of use, managerial and environmental factors on trail width, from a survey of all formal trails in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. A Trimble GPS was used to navigate to and collect data at sample points spaced at a 152.4 m (500 ft) interval across all National Park Service trails on Mount Desert Island. Regression analyses focus on increasing understanding of factors that influence the width of formal hiking trails. ANOVA analyses demonstrate differences in trail width based on trail surface type (class), and the presence or absence of trail borders. A novel approach of comparing intended widths to actual widths enabled us to look specifically at the avoidable and undesirable impacts associated with having a trail that is wider than intended.     

Ground flora trampling studies: Five years after closure

Trampling as an ecological factor is a major concern of the management of park, forest, nature preserves, and wilderness areas as recreational resources. Of particular importance to the management concept of carrying capacity is the relative resistance of native plant communities, to trampling and the resilience or the capacity of impacted communities to recover. This information can be used by management to establish seasonal use limits to prevent irreversible degradation of these resources. The purpose of this study was to follow the recolonizaton of experimental trail surfaces barren of vegetative cover and hiked at three levels of use intensity. Results of this study indicate that soil compaction as measured by soil penetration resistance increased progressively with use level while the total number of species, species diversity, and dominant index scores declined. A major finding was that the greatest degree of change occurred at the first level of hiking, indicating that major floristic measures were most affected by the least amount of hiking. Recolonization of impacted areas that received 100 trampling passes as measured by plant cover, dominant indices, floristic dissimilarity, and species diversity was similar to areas receiving four and eight times more trampling, despite major differences in soil penetration resistance. These data suggest limited use delivered at one time can be as damaging as increasing levels of use delivered at over time.     

Managing for Recreational Experience Opportunities: The Case of Hikers in Protected Areas in Catalonia,Spain

Planning and management for recreational activities in protected areas involves an understanding of many complex factors. Segmentation of recreation demand and of the main physical or sporting activities can contribute to the design of more efficient management strategies, which may help to maintain or significantly enhance satisfaction with the recreation experience, and this in turn could improve the interest in and appreciation of the natural environment. The current study examined the motivations of hikers in three small Natura 2000 protected areas. It establishes a typology or categorization as a contribution to better management based on a survey conducted through on-site personal interviews with a representative sample of 569 hikers. Through an analysis of the principal intervening components by means of cluster analysis, we identified three groups of hikers based on three motivational dimensions: (1) nature-minded hikers, (2) sporting hikers and (3) general-purpose hikers. The most striking results were the significant differences among group variables related to visit behaviour (frequency and duration of visits and number of people per group), previous knowledge (protection status of the areas) and recreational frequentation (trail categories and protected areas visited). A positive correlation between the degree of sympathy for nature and the degree of satisfaction with the recreational experience (including positive evaluation of the public facilities, signposting and services offered) was also observed. The results are discussed in terms of their applicability and implications in hiking management in protected natural areas such as those of Natura 2000.     

Assessing the impacts of mountain biking and hiking on subalpine grassland in Australia using an experimental protocol

Mountain biking is an increasingly popular, but sometimes controversial, activity in protected areas. Limited research on its impacts, including studies comparing biking with hiking, contributes to the challenges for mangers in assessing its appropriateness. The impacts of mountain bike riding off trail were compared to those of hiking on subalpine grassland in Australia using a modification of a common trampling experimental methodology. Vegetation and soil parameters were measured immediately and two weeks after different intensities of mountain biking (none, 25, 75, 200 and 500 passes across slope, 200 pass up and down slope) and hiking (200 and 500 passes across slope). There were reductions in vegetation height, cover and species richness, as well as changes in species composition and increases in litter and soil compaction with riding. Riding up and down a moderate slope had a greater impact than riding across the slope. Hiking also affected vegetation height, cover and composition. Mountain biking caused more damage than hiking but only at high use (500 passes). Further research including other ecosystems, topography, styles of riding, and weather conditions are required, but under the conditions tested here, hiking and mountain biking appear to be similar in their environmental impacts.     

不同年龄城镇居民的休闲行为差异研究——以湖南省永州市为例

城镇居民在休闲特征上呈现出总体一致、细部有异的特点,城镇居民年龄对休闲行为的影响甚微。总体上表现为:每周外出有偿休闲次数少、花费低、休闲场所和目的指向集中、休闲活动参与程度低的特点。各年龄段居民在每周有偿休闲2次、"消磨时间"这一休闲目的对自己的休闲活动"不满意"层面和部分休闲场所、休闲活动参与度层面差异显著。     

城市旅游综合体发展模式与对策研究

旅游综合体顺应了世界休闲业发展的潮流，它以旅游为主导，是一种全新的生产力形态。界定了城市旅游综合体的基本概念，归纳了城市旅游综合体的主要特征，探讨了城市旅游综合体形成的机制，认为旅游消费转型发展、地方特色文化传承、城市商业发展、旅游供给能力升级、政府的城市发展政策支持是城市旅游综合体形成的主要因素。依据城市旅游综合体发展的核心驱动功能不同，将城市旅游综合体的开发模式分为娱乐旅游综合体、休闲度假游综合体、会展旅游综合体和商业旅游综合体4种类型，在此基础上，提出了促进城市旅游综合体健康持续发展的对策。     

WATER-BASED ACTIVITY INVOLVEMENT FOR RECREATION CONSUMERS AT STATE,FEDERAL, LOCAL,OR PRIVATE FACILITIES1

ABSTRACT: The water-based activity involvement of participants at state and federal and local and private facilities identified by using participation rate groups is examined. No differences between participant groups within activities based on socio-economic characteristics were found. However, groups of highly active individuals were identified at both types of properties. It is suggested that social action system variables be added to traditional social aggregate variables to assist the understanding of leisure involvement.     

Testing the capacity of clothing to act as a vector for non-native seed in protected areas

Although humans are a major mechanism for short and long distance seed dispersal, there is limited research testing clothing as a vector. The effect of different types of material (sports vs hiking socks), or different items of clothing (boots, socks, laces vs legs) or the same item (socks) worn in different places on seed composition were assessed in Kosciuszko National Park, Australia. Data was analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA, independent and paired t-tests, Multi-dimensional Scaling Ordinations and Analysis of Similarity. A total of 24,776 seeds from 70 taxa were collected from the 207 pieces of clothing sampled, with seed identified from 31 native and 19 non-native species. Socks worn off-track collected more native seeds while those worn on roadsides collected more non-native seeds. Sports socks collected a greater diversity of seeds and more native seeds than hiking socks. Boots, uncovered socks and laces collect more seeds than covered socks and laces, resulting in 17% fewer seeds collected when wearing trousers. With seeds from over 179 species (134 recognized weeds) collected on clothing in this, and nine other studies, it is clear that clothing contributes to unintended human mediated seed dispersal, including for many invasive species.