砷超富集植物蜈蚣草的离体培养及植株再生

探讨了蜈蚣草组织培养的最佳孢子萌发培养基、初代培养基、最佳继代培养基、生根培养基。结果表明,蜈蚣草孢子在1/2MS孢子萌发培养基上萌发效果最好,经初代培养后最佳继代培养基为1/2 MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L,经生根培养后炼苗移栽成活,因此通过孢子组织培养成为蜈蚣草幼苗快速繁殖的最佳途径。     

紫色甘薯茎尖培养一步成苗技术研究

以紫色甘薯茎尖为外植体，MS为基本培养基，附加不同浓度NAA与BA两种激素对一步成苗培养基进行优化，筛选出一步成苗最佳培养基MS＋0．2mg／LBA＋0．5mg／LNAA，约3d左右诱导愈伤组织，15—20d分化幼苗、生根，约45d后就可一步成苗，直接发育成完整植株，最高成苗率为11．4％。对这种培养基上的再生小植株进行移栽，1个月后其移栽成活率达100％。     

松乳菇母种培养基及松乳菇人工栽培方法

松乳菇的母种培养基主要由酵母 2 ｇ～ 1 0 ｇ、尼克酸 1ｍｇ～ 1 0ｍｇ、叶酸 2ｍｇ～ 8ｍｇ及生物素 1ｍｇ～ 8ｍｇ等组成。用该培养基进行菌种培养 ,选用马尾松种子与菌种培养成菌根合成苗 ,将菌根合成苗在常规条件下种植 2年～ 3年即可出菇。利用本发明提供的母种培养基和人工栽培方法可实现松乳菇的产业化生产。 (ＣＮ 1 2 4 0 572Ａ)松乳菇母种培养基及松乳菇人工栽培方法     

大蒜脱毒种苗的快速繁殖方法

本方法包括 :取未熟蒜苔为外植体 ,通过对不同培养基、培养时间的选择 ,糖种类及浓度、激素配比的改变 ,新型植物激素茉莉酸及水杨酸的应用 ,可同时获得大量的大蒜脱毒试管苗 ,繁殖基数达 50～ 76,试管鳞茎诱导率达 80 %以上 ,鳞茎鲜重 30 0ｍｇ以上。所形成的鳞茎可直接移栽到     

正交设计在峨眉金线莲组织培养中的应用

以野生峨眉金线莲的茎段腋芽为外植体,采用正交设计L16(4~5)对野生峨眉金线莲丛生芽诱导、生根的4个因素(基本培养基、6-BA、NAA、AC(活性炭))在4个水平上进行组织培养优化试验,以期建立完整、高效、廉价的培养体系。结果表明:基本培养基、不同激素浓度配比等因素对峨眉金线莲的分化、生根有着显著影响。外植体最佳消毒方案是75%酒精浸泡10s,0.1%的HgCl_2浸泡消毒10min;峨眉金线莲最佳丛生芽诱导培养基为:MS+10%香蕉+6-BA3mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+AC 3g/L;最佳生根壮苗培养基为:1/2MS+10%土豆+NAA 2mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+AC 3g/L。该体系对峨眉金线莲种质资源保护与开发利用具有一定的参考意义。     

不同培养条件对红碧桃花粉生活力的影响

以红碧桃花粉为试验材料,用花粉离体培养法,采用单因素完全随机固体培养法以探讨不同培养条件对红碧桃花粉生活力的影响.结果表明,最适宜的基本培养基成分为15％蔗糖+100mg/L硼酸+0.7％琼脂;不同温度贮藏下的花粉生活力随着贮藏时间的延长均呈下降趋势,0℃下降最慢,20℃下降最快;添加0.2mg/L 6-BA后花粉萌发率最好,而硫酸锌对红碧桃花粉萌发的作用效果不明显,有利于花粉萌发的其他因子浓度分别是Ca2+ 20mg/L、Zn2+ 0.06mg/L、NAA 4.0mg/L.     

短毛紫荆花粉生活力测定及贮藏方法研究

为进行紫荆的杂交育种和开发利用,以短毛紫荆花粉为试材,利用离体培养法、3种染色法（碘-碘化钾染色、醋酸洋红和ITC）对花粉生活力进行了测定,并研究了不同贮藏温度及时间对花粉萌发的影响.结果表明,培养基中添加蔗糖和硼酸对花粉的萌发有促进作用,短毛紫荆花粉萌发的适宜培养基为：15％蔗糖＋0.004％硼酸＋0.08％的琼脂,萌发率达88.46％;醋酸洋红染色法适宜快速测定短毛紫荆花粉生活力;短毛紫荆花粉最佳的贮藏方法为-196℃,经济的贮藏方法为-20℃.     

不同培养条件对软枣猕猴桃试管苗玻璃化的影响

以MS为基本培养基，研究生长调节剂、琼脂、光照、温度等因素对光叶楮试管苗玻璃化的影响。结果表明，最佳生长调节剂的配比为1．0mg／LBA＋0．5mg/L NAA、琼脂浓度7．0-8．0g／L、光照强度3000lx、培养温度25％。该优化培养条件能有效防止玻璃化苗的发生，获得较高的增殖系数和较健壮的苗木，且能降低生产成本。     

自养型锰氧化菌的选育及除锰效果研究

自养型生物除锰滤池可以有效地去除地下水中的锰,为了获取接种该滤池的菌种并探究其除锰效果,利用改良的JFM培养基对曝气池中的活性污泥进行驯化培养,筛选出了除锰率在90%以上的高效自养型锰氧化菌。通过平板培养和革兰氏染色,得到3种不同的菌落且均为阴性菌,16S rDNA基因组测序发现5种不同的科属。菌液经过2个周期的传代培养,探究其除锰效果,最高除锰率达到了98%。     

桂西北地区木豆的引种试验及生态经济效益

为了使桂西北地区的荒山坡地尽快育林封山,提高其经济和生态效益,文章对引种木豆进行了试验分析和评价,其经济和生态效益表明：木豆产量最高达1980kg/hm^2,最低为1410kg/hm^2;生物量最高达22980kg/hm^2,最低为18020kg/hm^2;随着种植年份的增加,土壤有机质,全氮,全磷和全钾年均分别增加4.15%-6.30%,3.98%-11.72%,8.96%-19.80%和12.28%-46.43%,土壤的侵蚀量和地表水径流量都显著下降,分别为220.2t/hm^2和167.2m^3/hm^2,径流系数仅为0.010。     

辉县市城区环境空气质量现状及污染防治对策

对辉县市城区2006—2011年间环境空气质量监测数据进行了评价，并对城区污染物浓度时空变化进行了分析。结果表明，辉县市城区大气污染主要表现为可吸入颗粒物污染严重，主要是能源结构不合理、锅炉废气污染严重、城区道路保洁方式落后等原因造成的，由此提出了合理规划城市布局、减少结构性污染等对策。     

The effect of landfill leachate composition on organics and nitrogen removal in an activated sludge system with bentonite additive

A pre-denitrification activated sludge system (AS) without internal recycle was used in lab-scale studies of landfill leachate treatment. A bentonite supplement at a ratio of 1:4 (mineral : biomass) was used to ensure high sludge settling levels and to serve as a micro-organisms carrier. The system was operated within different parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), ammonia loading rate (ALR) or external recycle ratio, which was adapted to treat varying leachate concentrations of COD and ammonia, ranging from 1020 to 2680 mgO(2)l(-1) and 400-890 mgNH(4)-Nl(-1) respectively. The nitrification was complete and ammonia oxidation reached 99%; this was obtained while the ALR did not exceed 0.09 g NH(4)(+)-Ng(-1)MLVSS d(-1) and HRT was not lower than 1 day (in the aeration reactor). The performance of denitrification was successfully improved by controlling the external recycle rate, when the BOD(5)/N ratio in the raw leachate was 4.1. Consequently, N-removal of up to 80% was achieved. A 10-fold decrease in the denitrification rate was obtained at a BOD(5)/N ratio of 0.5. The efficiency of COD removal varied significantly from 36% to 84%. The positive effect of bentonite addition was determined and is discussed based on preliminary studies. The experiments were carried out in fill-and-draw activated sludge with bentonite; the biomass ratio was 1:2. The activated sludge with bentonite was fed with a synthetic high ammonia and organic-free medium.     

Sorption of MS2 bacteriophage to layered double hydroxides: effects of reaction time, pH, and competing anions

Batch sorption and column breakthrough studies were conducted to investigate the potential of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to remove bacteriophage MS2 from contaminated waters. All four of the LDHs evaluated in this study had very high retention capacities for MS2. Sorption results showed that MS2 could be completely removed from 5.2 x 10(2) plaque-forming units (pfu)/mL solution by Mg-Al LDH 2 (i.e., 2:1 Mg to Al ratio LDH), with the highest sorption capacity observed in this study of 1.51 x 10(10) pfu/g. Attachment of MS2 to LDHs was a rapid process and reached quasi-equilibrium after a 1-h reaction time. Within the pH range studied (pH 4-9), Mg-Al LDH 2 showed high sorption potential for MS2 at all pH values but sorption decreased slightly with increasing solution pH. Background solution anions influenced virus sorption, with SO4(2-) and HPO4(2-) decreasing sorption significantly whereas the presence of NO3- had little effect on the attachment of MS2 to Mg-Al LDH 2. The addition of another virus (phiX174) only caused a slight decrease in the retention of MS2 by Mg-Al LDH 2, suggesting that there was insignificant competitive sorption between MS2 and phiX174 on LDH surfaces. Results from column experiments indicate that there was no MS2 breakthrough from columns packed with Mg-Al LDH 2-coated sand, suggesting complete MS2 retention at the virus concentration tested. The high mass recovery by beef extract solution revealed that the removal of viruses by the LDH was due to sorption of MS2 to LDH surfaces, rather than inactivation.     

Assessment of different carbon and salinity level on growth kinetics,lipid, and starch composition of Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211-12

ABSTRACT

The quality of microalgal biofuel depends on the fatty acid (FA) distribution. A high ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) favors better biofuel characteristics. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) are essential FAs for required biodiesel quality. In this study, combined effects of growth medium concentrations of NaCl, glucose and glycerol on cell composition and FA profile of the Chlorella vulgaris SAG 211–12 were investigated. A central composite design (CCD) based design of experiments (DoE) was used for experimental setup. According to experimental results, the maximum mass fraction for palmitic acid (C16:0), 40.67% of total fatty acids, was obtained in the medium supplemented with 0.9% (w/v) NaCl, 0.3% (w/v) glucose, and 0.3% (w/v) glycerol, whereas stearic acid (C18:0) percentage reached the highest value of 22.16% of total fatty acids in the presence of 2.5% NaCl, 0.6% glucose, and 0.6% glycerol. According to the same set of designed experiments, best starch content was found as 22.08% of dry cell weight in a medium containing 2.0% NaCl, 0.3% glucose, and 0.3% glycerol. C16:0 mass fraction as a function of three medium ingredient concentrations was modeled using a Kriging model. Optimum concentrations of NaCl, glucose and glycerol to reach maximum C16:0 fraction were predicted as 0.5, 1, and 1%, respectively.     

Simulating long-term and residual effects of nitrogen fertilization on corn yields, soil carbon sequestration, and soil nitrogen dynamics

Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) has the potential to attenuate increasing atmospheric CO2 and mitigate greenhouse warming. Understanding of this potential can be assisted by the use of simulation models. We evaluated the ability of the EPIC model to simulate corn (Zea mays L.) yields and soil organic carbon (SOC) at Arlington, WI, during 1958-1991. Corn was grown continuously on a Typic Argiudoll with three N levels: LTN1 (control), LTN2 (medium), and LTN3 (high). The LTN2 N rate started at 56 kg ha(-1) (1958), increased to 92 kg ha(-1) (1963), and reached 140 kg ha(-1) (1973). The LTN3 N rate was maintained at twice the LTN2 level. In 1984, each plot was divided into four subplots receiving N at 0, 84, 168, and 252 kg ha(-1). Five treatments were used for model evaluation. Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1958-1983 decreased as N rate increased (LTN1 = -5.0%, LTN2 = 3.5%, and LTN3 = 1.0%). Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1985-1991 were larger than during the first period. Simulated and observed mean yields during 1958-1991 were highly correlated (R2 = 0.961, p < 0.01). Simulated SOC agreed well with observed values with percent errors from -5.8 to 0.5% in 1984 and from -5.1 to 0.7% in 1990. EPIC captured the dynamics of SOC, SCS, and microbial biomass. Simulated net N mineralization rates were lower than those from laboratory incubations. Improvements in EPIC's ability to predict annual variability of crop yields may lead to improved estimates of SCS.     

高效降解环己酮红球菌JDM-3-12的分离及其系统发育分析

从岳阳巴陵石化公司环己酮生产车间总出水口的污泥中筛选到一株环己酮降解菌株,菌号为JDM-3-12;该菌能以环己酮为唯一碳源且能忍受5000 mg/L的环己酮,当环己酮的质量浓度为2000 mg/L时,在温度为30℃,转速为150 r/m in,pH=7的条件下,72小时内该菌株对环己酮的降解率达到97.91%。通过形态观察、生理生化特征检测和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析,初步鉴定其为赤红球菌(Rhodococcus ruber)中的一个菌株,该菌最适生长温度为35℃,最适生长pH 7。     

陶粒-沸石-活性炭组合填料生物滤池的研究

采用陶粒、沸石、活性炭填料合理组合作为曝气生物滤池的填料对高校生活污水进行处理。研究了组合填料生物滤池生物膜的培养,不同水力负荷、容积负荷和气水比对污水处理效率的影响,以及该生物滤池对生活污水的处理效果。结果表明,采用组合填料生物滤池,接种挂膜培养周期为25d,在水力负荷为2．5m3／（m2·h）,气水比3．5：1,组合填料生物滤池出水COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N和色度平均值达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》GB／T18920—2002水质要求。     

Applicability of a Septic Tank/Engineered Wetland Coupled System in the Treatment and Recycling of Wastewater from a Small Community

A septic tank (ST)/engineered wetland coupled system used to treat and recycle wastewater from a small community in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania was monitored to assess its performance. The engineered wetland system (EWS) had two parallel units each with two serial beds packed with different sizes of media and vegetated differently. The larger-sized medium bed was upstream and was planted with Phragmites (reeds) and the smaller-sized medium bed was downstream and was planted with Typha (cattails). The ST/EWS coupled system was able to remove ammonia by an average of 60%, nitrate by 71%, sulfate by 55%, chemical oxygen demand by 91%, and fecal coliform as well as total coliform by almost 100%. The effluent from the ST/EWS coupled system is used for irrigation. Notably, users of the recycled irrigation water do not harbor any negative feelings about it. This study demonstrates that it is possible to treat and recycle domestic wastewater using ST/EWS coupled systems. The study also brings attention to the fact that an ST/EWS coupled system has operation and maintenance (O&M) needs that must be fulfilled for its effectiveness and acceptability. These include removal of unwanted weeds, harvesting of wetland plants when the EWS becomes unappealingly bushy, and routine repair.     

超声-生化法降解8-羟基喹啉废水的实验研究

本文采用超声-生化(两级好氧)联用的方法,对8-羟基喹啉废水的降解工艺进行了研究。对废水的预处理方法为超声降解法,文中分析了溶液初始浓度、超声时间、超声全程时间以及超声细胞粉碎机的变幅杆直径大小对废水预处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,变幅杆直径为25mm,溶液初始浓度为0.6g/L,超声全程时间在20min,最佳超声时间为2s时降解效率最高,CODcr去除率可以达到40.4%。本实验生化处理方法为普通活性污泥法(两级好氧),一级好氧反应池停留时间选择10h,去除率为69.4%;二级好氧反应池停留时间选择6h,去除率为71.7%。超声-生化(两级好氧)联用对8-羟基喹啉废水处理效果良好,CODcr总去除率达到94.4%。