基于主成分及聚类分析的内陆河流水污染特征研究

采用主成分分析法对西北内陆某城市河段的主要特征污染指标进行了评价,针对特征污染指标运用空间聚类分析法,研究各关键指标的空间分布特征,对特征指标的关键控制点位的时间分布进行了探讨。研究结果表明,秋季研究河段受总磷、有机污染的影响较大,夏季受氮素污染的影响较大,与农田、农村、生活排水等有较大的关系。秋季河段上游TN、TP、CODcr的污染程度均最高,河段中下游段则受上游城镇生活、工农业等污染排放的影响较显著。夏季上述三个指标受入河污染源的影响较小,受各类面源污染的影响较大,整体表现为河段北面整体污染高于南面,上游水质好于下游水质。河段上下游区域夏季TN、TP、CODcr均高于秋季,整体表现为夏季水质总体劣于秋季,河段中部TN、TP在夏季浓度与秋季差别不大,没有显著的一致的好劣趋势。     

氯化铁催化合成马来酸二丁酯的研究

以马来酸和正丁醇为原料,采用水合三氯化铁(以下称氯化铁)作催化剂合成马来酸二丁酯。经实验确定了酯化的优化条件,获得了97.63％的酯化率。     

长春市伊通河COD及TOC相关性研究

采集长春市伊通河伊通大桥河段的水样,对其TOC和COD值进行了实验测定,并对测得数据进行回归分析,研究二者的相关性。据此对伊通河水体有机污染的状况及其变化规律进行分析。     

三氯化铁聚合过程中溶液吸光度的变化

本文报道了三氯化铁及聚氯化铁溶液的吸收光度，以及三氯化铁转化为聚铁化合物过程中吸光度的变化规律，建立了吸光度与实测盐基度及理论盐基度的相关方程，并考察了三氯化铁聚合过程中体系摩尔吸光系数的变化，提出根据摩尔吸光系数可以判断聚铁化合物的形态。     

都江堰(内江)水系河床底泥重金属污染调查与评价

采集了都江堰水系9条河流23个河床底泥样品，对底泥中重金属铜、锌、铅、镉、汞、铬、砷进行了分析，在分析中使用标准土样对分析结果进行质量控制。对底泥污染程度进行了评价和研究。结果表明，都江堰水系9条河流河床底泥受到不同程度的重金属污染，城市上游河段基本清洁，城市或工业集中发展区河床底泥受到污染，其中，沙河和毗河下游底泥已受到中到重金属重度污染，府河下游河段受到重金属中度污染。     

混凝剂在再生水深度处理中的实验研究

选用硫酸亚铁、三氯化铁、聚合氯化铝、硫酸铝4种混凝剂进行再生水深度处理实验,考察铁盐类和铝盐类混凝剂对二级出水中浊度和UV254的去除效果,以及对三氯甲烷与四氯化碳的控制效果。在投加量为40 mg/L时,聚合氯化铝对浊度和UV254处理效果最好;对氯化消毒中三氯甲烷生成量控制效果最好的是三氯化铁,其次是硫酸亚铁;聚合氯化铝对四氯化碳的控制效果最好,且投加量在10 mg/L时,四氯化碳生成量达到最低。     

釜溪河城区河段漂浮植物污染现状及防治建议

本文对釜溪河城区河段漂浮植物进行了分类,对漂浮植物疯长成因、危害及水质污染现状进行了分析,并提出了防治建议。     

长江口泥沙和沉积物中磷酸盐存在形态的研究

本文根据长江口河段特性及河段中排污口分布特点，疏稀合理地设置监测站点。在长江口河段布点采样、实验室分析的基础上，对长江口泥沙和沉积物中磷酸盐的存在形态进行分析研究，得到了长江口泥沙和沉积物中及沉积物不同粒径中各形态磷的分布特性，其结果对长江口水质管理、污染控制具有现实意义。     

延吉市成功举办环境应急演练

2012年12月13日,延边州环境保护局在全州范围内开展了环境应急拉动演练。演练模拟在运输危险化学品过程中,因交通事故导致泄漏污染海兰江。接到通知后,延吉市环保局立即启动环境污染应急预案,党组书记、局长张武亲自担任总指挥,副局长李成月担任现场指挥,下达指令,要求环境监察大队、环境监测站专     

西宁高新技术产业园区建成后湟水中下游水环境容量及排污控制量研究

以西宁经济技术开发区高新技术产业园区建设为背景,针对北川河和湟水河下游水环境中度污染的状况,根据已有水质水文监测资料和沿岸排污情况,选取污染物中所占比例最大的化学需氧量和氨氮作为河段的主要污染控制因子,以一维水质模型为基础,进行水环境容量的计算,并以水环境容量为依据明确河段及园区水污染物排污控制量和削减量。     

Relationship of Water Quality and Pollutant Loads to Land Uses in adjoining watersheds1

ABSTRACT: The Grand and Saugeen Rivers in southern Ontario were chosen for study as pilot watersheds under the Pollution From Land Use Activities Reference Group (PLUARG) study. The pilot watersheds have adjacent headwater areas and are physically similar in geology, physiography, and climate. Significant differences in water quality between the watersheds at their outlets are attributed to land use and population differences. The major pollutant sources in the two pilot watersheds were identified as trace elements from urban runoff and point source discharges; phosphorus from agricultural and urban runoff and private waste disposal; chloride from transportation corridors; and sediment and nitrogen from agricultural runoff. Yields at the watershed outlets were similar for suspended sediment and two to three times as high in the Grand River for phosphours, nitrogen, chloride, and lead. The higher phosphorus and nitrogen levels were attributed to larger point source inputs and the higher proportion of agricultural activity, comprising 75 percent of the Grand River basin compared to 64 percent in the Saugeen River basin. Similarly, the higher chloride and lead levels were attributed to an order of magnitude larger population and three times as much urban land in the Grand River basin compared to the Saugeen River basin.     

彭山岷江大桥国控监测断面水质类别变化分析

彭山岷江大桥国控断面,位于岷江干流,2010年、2011年和2012年,其水质类别分别为IV类、劣V类和劣V类,主要污染物为氨氮和总磷。本文依据其上游府河中黄龙溪断面和南河中董坝子断面水质的例行监测数据来综合分析岷江大桥水质类别变化情况。分别从评价方法、浓度、流量和通量等几方面加以阐述,结果表明,2010—2012年度,岷江大桥氨氮浓度主要受黄龙溪断面水质的影响,岷江大桥总磷的变化受到黄龙溪和董坝子水质的共同作用。     

再生造纸废水絮凝除浊试验研究

本研究采用絮凝法对再生造纸废水中含细小纤维、无机填料的悬浮物进行处理试验，比较了硫酸亚铁与聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂和聚硅酸氯化铁盐两种絮凝剂的絮凝效果，研究了制备聚硅酸氯化铁盐的铁硅比、pH值、碱化度以及投加量与废水除浊率之间的相互关系。实验结果表明：在最佳条件下，絮凝效果优异，除浊率达到98％，上清液无色透明。     

Improving the sludge conditioning potential of moringa seed

In the search for a cheaper material to effectively condition sludge, oil-free moringa seed was prepared and tested. A Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract the oil from moringa seed (Moringa oleifera). The oil-free seed (marc) has been found to have higher conditioning potential than the ordinary moringa seed. However, the traditional ferric chloride is still a better sludge conditioner than moringa seed marc. For the digested domestic sludge used, optimum conditioning dosages were found to be 0.6, 0.80, and 1.10% of the total solids for ferric chloride, marc of the moringa seed, and ordinary moringa seed, respectively. Since little or no operational material is lost in the extraction process, the moringa seed marc is a promising conditioner in place of the ordinary seed.     

引江济太入湖污染物通量及其对太湖水质贡献

引江济太工程是旨在改善太湖水质的重要工程举措,弄清调水过程中输入太湖的污染物负荷量是研究调水效果的重要方面。本研究根据2003年~2008年调水量和望亭立交闸下的水质监测数据,定量地计算了调水的入湖水量和污染物通量。同时根据2000年~2005年环湖30条河道每月一次的水文及水质监测数据,计算每年环湖河道的入湖水量及污染物通量。通过比较结果表明平均每年调水的入湖污染物通量约占总入湖污染物通量的10%,定量地给出了调水对太湖水质的贡献。     

长山河水质评价及变化趋势分析

以2015 ～2019年长山河4个水质监测站的监测数据为基础,采用综合水质标识指数法对其历年水质进行评价,利用季节性kendall检验法对各监测断面的高锰酸盐指数,氨氮,总磷等3个监测指标变化趋势进行分析.结果 表明:长山河各断面的综合水质均达到或优于水功能区目标要求,水质污染总体呈下降趋势,其中长山河大桥和长山闸一号...     

濑溪河泸县段水质评价与治理建议

本文运用综合污染指数法对濑溪河泸县段天竺寺大桥和官渡大桥上、下两个断面的水质进行现状评价和污染变化规律分析，表明濑溪河泸县段污染情况逐年恶化，超标频率和倍数都成上升趋势，枯水月份、平水月份、丰水月份分别对水体污染起着不同的作用，在丰水月份来临之前、之后的平水月份非点源污染污染突出，可见濑溪河泸县段非点源污染在濑溪河的水体污染中占有一定的比重，濑溪河泸县段水质状况不容乐观，亟待加强水质污染的防治和控制力度，并提出治理的建议。     

AQUATIC IMPACTS OF DEICING SALTS IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT: The fate and effect of sodium chloride applied to Californian highways in the Lake Tahoe, Truckee River, and Yuba River watersheds were studied over a period of 14 months in 1974–75. Chloride levels in streams below major freeways were found to be elevated during the winter. The high chloride levels occurred after the application of salt to roads, decreasing as the time from application increases. Small lakes receiving runoff from major highways were also enriched with chloride. Several of these lakes displayed a temporary chemocline, which was sufficiently strong to stabilize a temperature inversion in one lake.     

Modeling the Effects of Extreme Drought on Pollutant Transport Processes in the Yangtze River Estuary

Water resources in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), which is the vital water supply for Shanghai, decreased by approximately 2.45 Gm³ in 2006, the second‐worst recorded drought year. A numerical model was developed to investigate the effects of this extreme drought on pollutant transport processes in the YRE. The model was calibrated against observations and displayed good agreement. Residence time, a critical hydrodynamic indicator, was implemented to indicate pollutant transport processes. Numerical experiments were conducted to examine the possibly drought‐induced influences. The model results demonstrated that the influences on pollutant transport processes varied spatially and temporally, and these influences could partly explain the observed temporal and spatial variations of total nitrate in 2006. The area most susceptible to drought is in the north branch with 2‐11 days' extension of residence time. As the drought occurred in both the high and normal water periods, its influences were more significant during the normal water period with saltwater intrusion into the north branch. The drought also introduced a pollutant transport lag in timescale of approximately five days by diminishing the seaward advection flux with freshwater discharge. In 2006, the magnified tidal influence during the drought contributed more than usual to structuring pollutant transport, as the pollutant transport processes were intensely associated with tidal flow and tidal cycle.