污水可生化性的研究

本文阐述了污水可生化性的评价及测试方法,并对奎河污水进行了测定和分析。结果表明,奎河污水是可生化的。这为城市污水处理厂选择污水处理方法提供了理论依据。     

雅安市青衣江流域乡镇污水处理情况的研究

通过对青衣江流域周公河、陇西河支流现有的25个乡镇一体化小型污水站运行情况进行水环境质量监测,用实验室方法分析其中水温、pH、CODCr、 BOD5、悬浮物、氨氮(以N计)、总磷(以P计)等项目,进一步了解乡镇污水站的运行状况和污水处理效果.调查研究表明:25个乡镇污水站处理排放达标率均值不足40％,处理效果从高到低依...     

臭氧－生物活性炭工艺处理化工污水中试研究

针对兰州石化公司污水处理厂二级生化处理出水可生化性较低,色度比较高的问题,通过采用臭氧-生物活性炭工艺(O3-BAC)对污水处理厂二沉池出水进行深度处理,分析了该工艺对CODCr、氨氮、色度的处理效果。结果表明:处理后出水CODCr为26.7mg/L,氨氮为0.18mg/L,色度约5倍,效果良好。     

微生物对生化需氧量测定结果的影响

水中有机物性质及微生物活性是影响生化反应的关键因素。在水质条件一定的情况下,探讨不同接种液带来的微生物差异对生化需氧量(BOD)的影响。测定了空白样、废水驯化接种液、河流污水接种液、土壤浸出液接种液4组样品,实验结果显示3种不同接种液接种同种稀释水,测得BOD_5的差距较大,而同一种接种液所测得的BOD_5差距非常小;测定了空白样、河流污水接种液、土壤浸出液接种液BOD_5,结果表明河流污水的微生物比土壤浸出液的微生物更具有可生化性。     

费通法治理糠醛废水的研究

利用Fe2+提高过氧化氢氧化能力的方法称为费通法,即Fe2+— H2O2法。使用费通法处理糠醛废水,可明显改善糠醛废水的可生化性。试验结果表明:当初始pH值小于3、Fe2+投加量为H2O2/Fe2+=6时,CODCr去除效果最好;双氧水投加量H2O2/CODCr值为0.5～2.0时,CODCr去除率可达到50%～75%,处理后废水的可生化性明显提高,BOD5/CODCr由0.15升至0.3以上。     

微生物传感器快速测定水中BOD

采用220B型BOD快速测定仪,对标准样品、地表水、生活污水、工业废水中的BOD进行测定,与五日生化培养法进行了比对分析.结果表明：该方法检出限为0.032mg/L;加标回收率在85%～117%之间;相对误差＜6%,相对标准差＜9%,有较高的精密度、准确度;测定地表水、生活污水与五日生化培养法有较好的可比性,测定工业废水存在一定的局限.同时还阐述了微生物传感器快速测定法测定BOD与五日生化培养法,并对其优缺点做了分析比较.     

稠油废水生物处理研宄进展

稠油废水含大量难生物降解的大分子有机物,BOD5/CODCr极低.文章简要介绍了稠油废水的有机组成和处理难点,总结了提高稠油废水可生化性的生物处理方法,对比了活性污泥法、生物膜法等生物法的处理效果和优缺点,探讨其降解机理,对提高稠油废水生物法处理效率提出了建议.     

CODcr测定中氯离子的影响及消除

根据油田采出水中氯离子含量高，对COD_(Cr)测定影响较大的特点，通过实验探讨高含氯对测定污水CODCr的影响及消除其影响的方法。实验结果表明，对高含氯、低CODCr的污水用国标方法测定CODCr时会产生较大误差，且误差随氯离子含量的增加而增大；采用不掩蔽氯离子测污水CODCr总量，再用CODCr总量减去氯离子产生CODCr量的方法，则能反映污水的真实CODCr值，误差小一些。     

用超声气浮—BAF组合工艺处理油田稠油污水

利用超声气浮处理机对稠油油田污水进行的室内试验研究结果表明,超声气浮工艺对污水中COD的去除效果不明显,去除率只有23.0%。但是,经超声气浮处理后,污水的可生化性明显得到改善,BOD5/CODcr值由0.18上升到0.31,这为稠油污水的二级生化处理创造了条件。稠油污水经超声气浮-BAF组合工艺处理后,出水水质可达到国家GB8978-1996一级标准的水质要求。     

水解(酸化)-好氧工艺处理混合工业废水试验研究

水解（酸化）＋好氧工艺可以有效地用于城市污水与工业废水处理，试验研究了不同工况条件下，水解（酸化）＋好氧工艺处理混合工业废水的效果，通过投加悬浮填料对水工艺过程进行优化，使其处理系统更为有效。在总的水力停留时间分别为11.5h、14.5h、19.0h,CODCr总的平均除率分别为72.1%、76.7%、77.6%,BOD5的去除率为89.6%、90.7%、91.5%，废水经水解（酸化）处理后，BOD5／CODCr有上升趋势，水解时间3.5h、4.5h、6h对应的BOD5／CODCr比值分别提高了3％、11％、17％，表明水解（酸化）提高了混合工业废水的可生化性。针对上海市某工业区混合废水建议水解（酸化）时间控制在6h以上、好氧反应控制在10.0h。     

汾河底泥耗氧速率测试

以汾河运城段几个县界断面底泥和水质为实验目标,采用实验室测定方法,分别对在平水期、枯水期的底泥耗氧(SOD)速率进行测试,并对测试条件进行优化,对结果进行分析。研究表明,无论枯水期还是平水期,SOD总体变化趋势与河流水质污染(化学需氧量、氨氮)趋势基本一致。     

瓦勃氏呼吸仪测定乐果合成废水的可生化性

本文概述了瓦勃氏呼吸仪测定有机污染物的可生化性的基本原理和方法。通过测定用乐果合成废水驯化后的微生物的生化呼吸线和相对耗氧速度曲线,结果表明:乐果合成废水是有毒的,但是完全可以被特异驯化后的微生物所降解;其降解速度与时间和废水所含污染物的浓度有关。     

生物化学法处理含酚废水的研究进展

含酚废水来源广、数量多，对人体和动植物都有很大的危害，因此．．必须对舍酚废水进行有效的处理。综述了含酚废水的处理技术和处理结果，特别是对生物法处理含酚废水的现状与发展进行了介绍和评述。     

Performance assessment of a wastewater treatment plant producing effluent for irrigation in Egypt

A conventional activated sludge treatment facility was the subject of this study. The assessment was directed at determining the characteristics of the raw wastewater, the quality of the treated effluent and the efficiency of the various treatment units. Furthermore, the water quality along the effluent irrigation canal was monitored. The assessment of the quality of the treated effluent for irrigation is based on the guidelines established by the World Health Organization and the Egyptian decree 9/89 for the use of wastewater in agriculture. The results of the study indicated that the concentration of the raw wastewater was considered moderate. The mean values of the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and total suspended solids (TSS) were around 250, 102 and 142 mg l–1, respectively. This was attributed to the high quantities of wastewater from industrial sources. The overall efficiency of the treatment facility was good. The mean residual COD, BOD and TSS were 25, 8 and 21 mg l–1 and the corresponding percentage removal values were 90, 92 and 85%, respectively. The maximum percentage removal of oil and grease was 84% with a mean residual concentration of 24 mg l–1. The total viable count (22°C and 37°C), faecal coliform and aecal streptococci were reduced by 99.9% compared to only 99.5% for Salmonella. Bacteriological examination of the dried sludge indicated a reduction of nine logs of faecal coliform and faecal streptococci, as compared to thickened sludge. Analysis of the Ni, Cu, Pb and Cr in the dried sludge indicated that their concentrations are within the permissible limits. Zinc exceeded the consent standards by 50%. The results of the analyses of samples collected at the beginning of the irrigation canal indicated insignificant changes from the characteristics of the final effluent. Samples collected at a distance of 2km along the irrigation canal showed mean reductions in the COD and BOD of 28.6 and 47%, respectively, which could be attributed to sedimentation and/or a self-purification effect. An increase in the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total viable count was also recorded, which could be due to seepage from the agricultural land. From the data available it is evident that the treated wastewater could be used for restricted irrigation. The design and implementation of a monitoring programme is recommended.     

常用钻井液填加剂对钻井污水化学需氧量的影响

针对石油工业钻井污水化学需氧量（ＣＯＤ）严重超标的状况,从分析测定目前油田常用的８种钻井液添加剂的ＣＯＤ入手,探讨了钻井液添加剂对钻井污水的影响。实验结果表明：８种钻井液添加剂按油田现场配比复配后,对钻井污水ＣＯＤ的影响程度各不相同,其大小依次为：柴油、ＨＰＡＮ、磺化沥青、ＰＡＮ、ＰＡＭ－１、ＦＡ－３６７、ＸＹ－２７、ＣＭＣ;钻井污水中ＣＯＤ值严重超标的主要因素是钻井液添加剂;并且钻井液添加剂浓度与其对应的ＣＯＤ之间存在良好的一元线性关系。根据一元线性回归方程可较好地预测油田现场各钻井液添加剂对ＣＯＤ的影响,为解决钻井污水处理这一难题提供科学依据。     

采油污水排放达标面临的问题与对策

通过分析国内采油污水中的主要污染物、目前的处理工艺及水平,得出了采油污水达标排放所面临的主要问题是ＣＯＤ超标。简要介绍了生物氧化、化学氧化、膜分离、电解、吸附、混凝等方法去除ＣＯＤ的优缺点,并对采油污水中ＣＯＤ的去除方法提出了建议     

混凝法处理混合化工废水的试验研究

丁苯胶乳废水、SMA废水、苯丙基料废水和苯丙乳胶漆废水的浓度较高，毒性较大，可生化性低。采用混凝法进行预处理可去除其中大量有机物，从而极大降低废水的有机物浓度，并可提高废水的可生化性。本文重点讨论了不同参数条件对废水处理效果的影响，得出了最佳工艺路线。     

High Sediment Oxygen Demand Within an Instream Swamp in Southern Georgia: Implications for Low Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Coastal Blackwater Streams1

Todd, M. Jason, George Vellidis, R. Richard Lowrance, and Catherine M. Pringle, 2009. High Sediment Oxygen Demand Within an Instream Swamp in Southern Georgia: Implications for Low Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Coastal Blackwater Streams. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1493‐1507. Abstract: Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is considered a critical and dominant sink for dissolved oxygen (DO) in many river systems including blackwater streams and is often poorly investigated or roughly estimated in oxygen budgets. The purposes of this study are to (1) characterize and document the magnitude and variability of SOD in representative instream swamps found on the Georgia Coastal Plain; (2) predict SOD from more readily measured parameters such as soil, sediment, and litter organic carbon; and (3) obtain an accurate representation of SOD values within this understudied habitat to help improve water quality models and the continued development of DO as an appropriate water quality standard. Results show SOD rates ranging from 0.491 to 14.189 g O₂/m²/day, up to 18 times higher than values reported for southeastern sandy‐bottomed streams and suggest that instream swamps are repositories of large amounts of organic matter and are thus areas of intense oxygen demand and a major factor in determining the oxygen balance of the watershed as a whole. These areas of intense oxygen demand in relatively unimpacted areas indicate that low DO concentrations may be a natural phenomenon. SOD rates were significantly correlated (alpha = 0.05) with a number of sediment parameters, with organic carbon and total organic carbon being the best predictors of SOD rate. When developing water quality models, managers should pay closer attention to the influence of SOD as it plays a critical role in determining DO levels within instream swamps and the river system.     

Assessment of AWT systems in the metro Atlanta area

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of six advanced wastewater treatment facilities using biological nutrient removal processes as the primary mechanism for removing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus from domestic wastewater. One year of operating data was obtained from monthly operating reports provided by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) in Atlanta. Additional information about facility operations and the types of chemicals used was gathered through review of EPD files and interviews with plant personnel. Data evaluated were: influent and effluent five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD(5)); influent and effluent total suspended solids (TSS); influent Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and effluent Total Nitrogen; and influent and effluent Total Phosphorus (TP). Although varying from plant to plant, effluent requirements for BOD(5), TSS, ammonia, and TP were met. Chemicals utilized, design capacity, and monthly effluent concentrations are presented in this study.     

工业污水可生物降解性评价方法研究

针对生化系统经常遭受异常进水或毒性物质冲击的情况,提出了以耗氧速率(OUR)和相对耗氧速率(SOUR)快速评价污水可生物降解性的方法,以提高活性污泥系统的处理效率和运行管理水平。试验结果表明:OUR和SOUR对异常pH值水质条件以及苯酚、甲醛和甲醇等毒性物质的存在都非常敏感。对于大庆石化公司水气厂化工污水处理场的活性污泥来说,甲醛对微生物的毒性最强,甲醇次之,而苯酚则最弱。化工污水处理场活性污泥对三者的允许浓度分别为70、170、350 mg/L。