中国盾叶薯蓣资源现状及保护对策

论述了我国盾叶薯蓣的野生资源现状、人工种植生产现状、资源濒危原因及应采取的保护对策.指出:我国现有盾叶薯蓣野生资源蕴藏量估计在200万kg左右,资源数量已大为下降,然而年需求量却高达2亿kg以上,供需矛盾十分突出.造成资源濒危的主要原因是利用过度、生境及种质资源被破坏、家种者皂素含量低且质量差而不能大批量用于皂素生产.建议在采取有效保护野生资源的同时,尽快建立全国性良种繁育基地,按GAP要求建立我国现代化、规模化、规范化的高产优质药材原料生产基地,从根本上解决当前盾叶薯蓣资源保护与利用的矛盾.     

武当山盾叶薯蓣生态环境及其分布规律

通过调查,笔者基本摸清了武当山－带盾叶蓣的生态环境和分布规律。根据分析,叶薯预干片中皂甙配基含量为１．０５－６．８％,平均含量为３．１１％,由此证明武当山一带是我国盾叶薯蓣皂甙配基含量较高的产区。但株间和生态环境的差异与皂甙配基含量的高低有一定关系。     

柑桔叶可提取香料

最近,四川省江安县柑桔研究所和成都科技大学等合作,利用柑桔叶提取柑桔叶油获得成功。他们首次生产出3500g 柑桔油,经过鉴定表明,主要理化指标基本达到国家标准。这一试验的成功,既为我国天然香料的生产开发了丰富的原料资源,又为改变我国目前香料短缺的状况提供了极为有利的条件,还为果农开辟了一条新的致富门路。     

四川省自然资源研究所什邡猕猴桃科研基地简介

什邡猕猴桃科研基地是四川省自然资源研究所于1997年投资组建的。该基地位于四川省什邡市尼居镇，总面积5．4hm^2。该基地的主要任务是：     

泸州市纳溪工业集中发展区管理委员会

<正>纳溪工业集中发展区由泸州化工园区、纳溪浙江产业园、纳溪临港产业园三个产业园组成(即"一区三园")。泸州化工园区是四川省培育成长型特色产业园区、四川省新型工业化产业示范基地、四川省高校毕业生创业园区。园区规划面积20.65平方公里,重点发展煤化工、硫磷钛产业和化工新材料。目前,正全力打造成年销售收入500亿元的循环型绿色化工基地。     

抓住创建契机，开展生态教育——四川省自贡市沿滩区沿滩第二小学校生态文明教育纪实

正四川省自贡市沿滩区沿滩第二小学校创办于2011年,是全国第二批"中小学中华优秀文化艺术传承学校"、四川省"文明校园"、四川省"艺术教育特色学校"、四川省优秀美育实践基地、自贡市"校园文化建设示范校"。学校板眼童真版画艺术团被评为四川省优秀学生艺术团。在沿滩第二小学校的办学历史上,学校师生也取得了许多喜人的成绩:2017年四川省第二届环保创意大赛绘画类比赛中,学校学生获省级奖项一等奖3人次、二等奖3人次、     

渡口市污染源调查和评价

渡口市位于四川省西南部、川滇交界一个偏僻的山区。开发前,这里人口稀少,满目荒凉,几乎没有什么工业。由于该地拥有得天独厚的资源、能源及丰富的水力资源,被国家选为三大共生矿基地之一。从1965年起,进行了大规模开发建设。由于开矿、冶炼以及生产活动的结果,造成生态平衡失调,环境质量恶化,产生饮水、     

攀西地区主要蔬菜和水果基地土壤Zn污染调查研究

根据各水果、蔬菜基地的分区定点采样结果的对比分析，研究了四川省攀西地区主要蔬菜和水果基地土壤中Zn含量。结果表明，该区土壤Zn平均值范围在75．0～160mg／kg之间。各基地土壤平均锌含量顺序为：撒莲蔬菜基地〉攀莲蔬菜基地〉会理石榴基地〉大田石榴基地〉西区芒果、桂圆基地〉仁和芒果基地〉盐边芒果、枇杷基地。7个基地中有3个基地的土壤锌含量不同程度超过土壤环境质量Ⅱ级标准，其中以大田石榴基地超标最高（16％），平均值却是两个蔬菜基地最高。     

湖北薯蓣属植物资源的分布与利用

薯蓣属植物是重要的经济植物，广泛用于医药，食品，卫生保健等方面，湖北薯蓣属植物资源较丰富，共有１５种２变种１亚种，具有重要的开发利用价值。本文野外调查和分析的基础上，对湖北薯蓣属植物资源的开发利用进行了讨论。     

四川岷江电化有限公司

四川岷江电化有限公司始建于2005年12月,原址位于四川省阿坝州工业园区汶川水磨工业集中区,是四川金路集团为40万吨／年树脂产品配套建设的原料生产基地。2008年“5．12”汶川特大地震后,根据国家对灾后重建功能区域的调整规划和对汶川境内工业企业实行转移的总体要求,     

Soviet Natural Resources in the World Economy

Soviet Natural Resources in the World Economy Editors : Robert F. Jensen, Theodore Shabad and Arthur W. Wright     

The effect of pyrolysis atmosphere on bio-oil yields and structure

A food industry waste, almond shell, was pyrolyzed under three different environment static, nitrogen, and steam to produce bio-oil and its derivatives. The oil yield obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 600°C was 24.23% in a static atmosphere, whereas it increased to 27.25% and 33.05% in nitrogen and steam atmospheres, respectively. The bio-oil obtained under steam atmosphere is very efficient due to the production of high liquid and gas yields. Moreover, co-feeding steam during the pyrolysis altered the bio-oil structure by increasing the aliphatics and reducing the asphaltenes. Moreover, steam treatment also increases H/C and heating value of bio-oils. According to the obtained results, steam pyrolysis is an alternative option for future applications in refineries.     

One step forward toward characterization: some important material properties to distinguish biochars

Terra Preta research gave evidence for the positive influence of charred organic material (biochar) on infertile tropical soils. Facing global challenges such as land degradation, fossil energy decline, water shortage, and climate change, the use of biochar as a soil amendment embedded into regional matter cycles seems to provide an all-round solution. However, little is known about biochar effects on individual ecosystem processes. Besides, the term is used for a variety of charred products. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate principal material properties of different chars to establish a minimum set of analytical properties and thresholds for biochar identification. For this purpose, chars from different production processes (traditional charcoal stack, rotary kiln, Pyreg reactor, wood gasifier, and hydrothermal carbonization) were analyzed for physical and chemical properties such as surface area, black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and elemental composition. Our results showed a significant influence of production processes on biochar properties. Based on our results, to identify biochar suitable for soil amendment and carbon sequestration, we recommend using variables with the following thresholds: O/C ratio <0.4, H/C ratio <0.6, black carbon >15% C, polyaromatic hydrocarbons lower than soil background values, and a surface area >100 m g.     

Comparative costs of mosquito control with larvicidal bacilli and insecticides

Summary The production costs of the larvicidal bacilli, Bacillus thuringiensis H14 and Bacillus sphaericus were worked out based upon the inputs used to produce them in a 13 litre working capacity laboratory fermenter. Whereas the production cost of one batch of B. thuringiensis H14 was US$11.02 the production cost of B. sphaericus was US$13.34. Also, the costs involved in controlling mosquito larvae in an area of one hectare with the bacilli and chemical larvicides were compared. The analysis showed that the cost of larval control with the bacilli was more or less equivalent to that incurred if fenthion was used, but significantly less than that incurred if malaria oil, paris green or abate was used.The authors currently undertake research at the Vector Control Research Centre of the Indian Council of Medical Research, Indira Nagar, Pondicherry.     

低渗透油田压裂废水处理技术实验研究

通过低渗透油田压裂废水处理系列实验,研究了降黏预处理-Fe/C微电解-絮凝处理技术,有效地降低了废水的COD,考察H2O2、pH、Fe/C比例、Fe/C加量、Ca(OH)2加量及反应时间等影响因素。结果表明此实验的优化工艺条件为:H2O2加量0.5%、pH为1、Fe/C比例1∶1、Fe/C加量5g/L、Ca(OH)2加量3g/L、反应时间120min。     

模拟油田采出水中H2S的脱除

采出水经处理后通常需作为地层回注水使用,由于油气生产的特殊性,常用的H2S脱除方法在使用中受到限制,探索适合于油气田生产的水处理方法十分必要。文章探讨了通常可用于油田采出水中H2S脱除的各种方法,对比了各类方法的优缺点,提出以NaClO为主要脱硫剂的水处理方法,通过对模拟采出水的室内实验,证明次氯酸法可以快速有效地去除采出水中的H2S,使H2S残留量低于1 mg/L。实验表明:经处理后的水质可以达到SY/T 5329-2012《碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法》要求,处理成本较低。     

Adsorption of cadmium on carbonaceous adsorbents developed from used tire rubber

Carbonaceous adsorbents (CAs) are developed from used tire rubber (UTR) and tested as adsorbents of Cd(2+) in aqueous solution. In the preparation of the CAs, UTR was treated thermally at 400-900 °C for 2 h in N(2) and at 850 °C for 2 h in steam. Concentrated NaOH, HCl, H(2)SO(4), HNO(3) and H(2)O(2) solutions were also used. UTR and H900 (i.e. UTR pyrolyzed at 900 °C) were treated with O(3) at 25 °C for 1 h and with air at 250 °C for 1 and 24 h. CAs were characterized texturally by N(2) adsorption at -196 °C, mercury porosimetry, and density measurements. The surface groups were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Using the batch method, the adsorption process of Cd(2+) was studied mainly from the kinetic standpoint at various pH values of the adsorptive solution. Significant porosity developments are achieved only when UTR is heat-treated, in particular in steam. However, the variety and concentration of surface groups are low in CAs. This is so even for CAs prepared using oxidizing agents as strong as O(3) and H(2)O(2), which has been associated with a lack of available or accessible surface active sites for oxidation in UTR and H900, respectively. Thermal and thermal-chemical treatments are usually more effective than chemical treatments to increase the adsorption of Cd(2+) in aqueous solution. The adsorption process of Cd(2+) is first fast and then much slower. Adsorption-time data fit better to a pseudo-second order kinetic equation than to a pseudo-first order kinetic equation. The extent to which the adsorption process occurs is strongly dependent on the pH of the Cd(2+) solution, being larger at pH 4.6 or 7.0 according to the adsorbent.