喀纳斯湖自然景观保护区

“喀纳斯”蒙古语，意为“峡谷中的湖”。喀纳斯湖湖面海拔1374米，南北长24km，平均宽约1.9km,湖水景深188.5m，面积45.73km2.自然景观保护区总面积为5588km2.     

自然景观旅游区白色污染现状与整治对策研究——以武陵源风景名胜区为例

白色污染会对自然景观产生严重负面影响。以世界自然遗产武陵源为例,对自然景观旅游区白色污染问题进行研究,了解自然景观旅游区白色污染状况,提出整治对策,以期有效防治景区白色污染问题。     

谈环境艺术与自然景观

本文介绍环境艺术与自然景观的紧密关系，破坏自然景观也就破坏了环境艺术。因此保护自然景观，建立自然保护区，为开展环境艺术工作创造良好条件具有重要意义，优美的城市环境同样是也环境艺术工作的再体现。     

改进“自然景观旅游区环境监测方案”的思考——以武陵源景区为例

旅游区环境监测是获取环境质量信息,进行有效环境管理的基础性工作.由于游客对自然景观区环境要求的特殊性和景区污染排放方式的独特性,自然景观旅游区的环境监测方案设计也应区别于其他区域.以世界自然遗产武陵源风景区为例,运用资料收集、实地调查、访谈等方法对其环境监测方案进行调查,按照旅游环境管理要求对其分析评价,发现存在的问题.在此基础上,提出自然景观区环境监测方案的改进思路,使其更符合自然景观区的环境特点与管理要求.     

河南省综合自然景观旅游资源的区际比较研究

针对目前河南省综合自然景观旅游资源区域整体优劣定量评价不足的情况，选取了国家重点风景名胜区、国家水利风景区、国家自然保护区、国家森林公园和国家地质公园5类综合自然景观类旅游资源，采用绝对数量、地均数量、人均数量3种评价指标和定量分析方法，对河南省18个省辖市的综合自然景观旅游资源进行了比较，阐述了河南省综合自然景观旅游资源空间分布的基本状况和旅游资源的区域发展重点。     

一个研究街道峡谷流场及浓度场特征的三维数值模式

目前，研究街道峡谷内流场及机动车排放污染物的扩散行为特征所采用的主要方法为：采用野外测试法和物理模拟法，而采用三维数值模拟方法研究此问题的工作很少。本文创建了一个研究微尺度街道峡谷内流场及机动车排放污染物扩散特征的三维数值模式，即首次采用伪不定常方法，利用K——E闭合方案，建立了一个模拟城市街道峡谷内流场及污染物扩散特征与街道峡谷风场、街道几何结构及两侧建筑物高度对称性之间的复杂关系的三维数值模式。经过与实际监测资料及风洞实验对比，结果表明此三维模式具有较好的模拟精度，能够很好模拟峡谷内的风场及街谷几何结构对街道峡谷内流场及浓度场特征的影响，有很强的实用性。     

黄山自然景观成因及边际效应探讨

黄山是中国十大风景名胜之一，以奇特的自然景观著称于世，被誉为“天下第一奇山”，并已被联合国列为世界遗产保护区。黄山是以自然景观为特色的山岳风景区，呈现典型花岗岩峰林地貌，景观类型丰富多样，奇松、怪石、云海、温泉素称“黄山四绝”。以山石地貌为主体的自然景观成因是内、外力综合作用的结果，具有得大独厚的成景条件。自然景观的时空分布特征，反映了自然界普遍存在的边际效应规律，运用自然边际效应的启示，将有助于对旅游资源的发掘、开发和保护工作。     

喀斯特峡谷区工程性缺水原因及解决途径——以贵州省花江峡谷示范区为例

喀斯特峡谷区河深坡陡,地下水深埋,水资源利用难度大,加之经济和水利工程薄弱,是贵州省工程性缺水的典型区域。通过对花江峡谷示范区工程性缺水的原因剖析,提出一系列解决工程性缺水问题的措施,如雨水收集、表层喀斯特水和基岩裂隙水的开发利用、节水、加强对水利工程设施的管理和维护、加大水利投入以及提高植被覆盖率等,这对解决喀斯特峡谷及类似区域的工程性缺水问题有一定的指导和参考意义。     

跨越“环境卡夫丁峡谷”

<正>两山之间必有谷,从"绿水青山"到"金山银山",中间也有这样一个低谷,即出现比较严重的生态损害和环境污染。历史上的工业化国家和我国到目前为止的发展过程,都没有完全避开这个"峡谷"。现在中央提出绿水青山就是金山银山,就是要求我们在今后的发展中打破常规,越过两山之间的这个低谷,避免出现先污染后治理的结果。我们可以借用"卡夫丁峡谷"来比喻这个环境退化的特殊阶段。"卡夫丁峡谷"因公元前三百多年罗马     

峨眉宝光

峨眉山金顶有五大自然景观:日出、云海、宝光、晚霞和圣灯。宝光,又名佛光,是峨眉山金顶五大自然景观之一。峨眉宝光,主要出现在峨眉山第二高峰,海拔为3075m的金顶正殿后的光明岩。光明岩又称摄身岩、睹光台、睹佛台、光相台。此外,尚有四处可     

银厂沟金沙河水环境质量评价

银厂沟是成都近郊的著名省级风景区，其水环境质量对旅游开发有直接影响。本文收集景区金沙河十多年的水质监到资料对景区河流水质进行了评价，旨在提出景区水源现有和潜在的环境保护问题，以引起管理部门的重视。     

环境保护形势与战略

经过长期努力,我国环境污染加剧趋势得到基本控制,部分地区和城市环境质量有所改善,但污染物排放总量依然很大,环境污染依然很严重,防治的任务仍很艰巨;生态保护工作得到加强,但生态恶化的趋势尚未有效遏制,部分地区生态破坏程度还在加剧;放射性污染存在风险;传统的环境问题尚未有效解决,新的环境问题又不断出现;全球环境问题压力不断加大.总之,我国环境保护工作取得很大成绩,但环境形势仍很严峻,而且随着经济高速发展,人民生活水平不断提高,环保工作压力越来越大.新世纪初我国环保总体战略为"总体控制,重点改善,严防灾害,保障安全".     

Integrated urban water management modelling under climate change scenarios

The concept of integrated water management is uncommon in urban areas, unless there is a shortage of supply and severe conflicts among the users competing for limited water resources. Further, problem of water management in urban areas will aggravate due to uncertain climatic events. Therefore, an Integrated Urban Water Management Model considering Climate Change (IUWMCC) has been presented which is suitable for optimum allocation of water from multiple sources to satisfy the demands of different users under different climate change scenarios. Effect of climate change has been incorporated in non-linear mathematical model of resource allocation in term of climate change factors. These factors have been developed using runoff responses corresponding to base and future scenario of climate. Future scenarios have been simulated using stochastic weather generator (LARS-WG) for different IPCC climate change scenarios i.e. A1B, A2 and B1. Further, application of model has been demonstrated for a realistic water supply system of Ajmer urban fringe (India). Developed model is capable in developing adaptation strategies for optimum water resources planning and utilization in urban areas under different climate change scenarios.     

A study on operation problems of hydropower plants integrated with irrigation schemes operated in Turkey

In this study, Hydroelectric Power Plants, which have been built and integrated with irrigation schemes by the State Hydraulic Works which is a government agency and private companies in Turkey, have been examined. Technical, environmental, structural and social problems encountered during their operation have been analyzed, and appropriate solution proposals have been presented in the study for a sustainable irrigation and Hydroelectric Power Plant operation. Consequently, Hydroelectric Power Plants which have been integrated with irrigation schemes should be operated efficiently and they should be operated in attenuation with the environment. However, when hydroelectric projects are developed without preparing their necessary integrated basin management plans, then this will cause environmental, operation and maintenance, administrative, monitoring and evaluation problems. In order to ensure sustainability of hydroelectricity production and also in order to use water resources more efficiently for irrigation; it is very important to find permanent solutions to these problems.     

Containing Urban Sprawl: Trends in Land Use and Spatial Planning in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona

In recent decades, there has been considerable debate in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona regarding the role of spatial planning in influencing general land-use trends. There is a widespread belief amongst geographers, environmentalists, planners and some politicians that spatial planning of the metropolitan region has not been particularly successful in reducing urban pressures on rural areas. The aim of this study is to explore the apparent links between urban sprawl, spatial planning and changing land use in the rural-urban fringe of Barcelona. The paper demonstrates that the main impacts of sprawl have been concentrated in agricultural areas, and that the planning system has not been capable of containing urban growth.     

Optimisation of scrap automotive tyres recycling into valuable liquid fuels

The recycling of rubber from old tyres by batch hydrogenation has been performed using tubing bomb reactors. Important process variables like temperature, reaction time, initial hydrogen pressure and nature of gas used have been studied. In all the runs the maximum total conversion was achieved. Conversion products are comprised of oils and gases, being the asphaltene yield lower than 1% in all conditions tested. The most valuable conversion products, oils, have been systematically analysed by TLC-FID¹ and the influence of the process variables in oils composition has been assessed. From the obtained results, it can be deduced that the conversion of rubber in oils is a fast thermal process, which is neither affected by initial pressure nor the nature of gas used. But on the other hand, the nature of obtained oils and gases is a function of process variables.     

A procedure to design a Permeable Adsorptive Barrier (PAB) for contaminated groundwater remediation

A procedure to optimize the design of a Permeable Adsorptive Barrier (PAB) for the remediation of a contaminated aquifer is presented in this paper. A computer code, including different routines that describe the groundwater contaminant transport and the pollutant capture by adsorption in unsteady conditions over the barrier solid surface, has been developed. The complete characterization of the chemical–physical interactions between adsorbing solids and the contaminated water, required by the computer code, has been obtained by experimental measurements. A case study in which the procedure developed has been applied to a tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated aquifer near a solid waste landfill, in the district of Napoli (Italy), is also presented and the main dimensions of the barrier (length and width) have been evaluated. Model results show that PAB is effective for the remediation of a PCE-contaminated aquifer, since the concentration of PCE flowing out of the barrier is everywhere always lower than the concentration limit provided for in the Italian regulations on groundwater quality.     

ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER QUALITY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT: An assessment of current and future water quality conditions in the southeastern United States has been conducted using the EPA BASINS GIS/database system. The analysis has been conducted for dissolved oxygen, total nitrate nitrogen and pH. Future streamflow conditions have been predicted for the region based on the United Kingdom Hadley Center climate model. Thus far, the analyses have been conducted at a fairly coarse spatial scale due to time and resource limitations. Two hydrologic modeling techniques have been employed in future streamflow prediction: a regional stochastic approach and the application of a physically based soil moisture model. The regional model has been applied to the entire area while the physically based model is being used at selected locations to enhance and support the stochastic model. The results of the study reveal that few basins in the southeast exhibit dissolved oxygen problems, but that several watersheds exhibit high nitrogen levels. These basins are located in regions of intense agricultural activity or in proximity to the gulf coast. In many of these areas, streamflow is projected to decline over the next 30–50 years, thus exacerbating these water quality problems.     

Metals recycling : A comparative national analysis

The purpose of this paper is to establish a definitive measure for a recycling rate in various countries. Numerous measures have been used in the past and have been based on a variety of assumptions, so that the literature has become very difficult to interpret. The objective here is to assess and explain how a recycling rate has been established such that it is unambiguous and serves as a reference point for future work. It then becomes possible to compare and contrast the recycling effort in different countries, and determine the potential for increased activity.     

Optimization of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using ion-exchange resins

Waste cooking oil is a potential substitution of refined vegetable oil for the production of biodiesel due to the low cost of raw material and for solving their disposal problem. In this study, optimization of esterification process of free fatty acids in artificially acidified soybean oil with oleic acid has been carried out using methanol as an agent and ion exchange resin as a heterogeneous catalyst. The esterification reaction has been investigated based on the mass balance of the developed model. The model has been validated against experimental data and effects of temperature and catalyst weight have been analyzed. Thereafter, optimization process has been fulfilled for two different objective functions as conversion of acid oil and benefit. Optimization results indicated that the maximum conversion of acid is 95.95%, which is achievable at 4.48-g catalyst loading and reaction temperature of 120°C. Maximum benefit was obtained as US$0.057 per batch of reaction at a catalyst amount of 1 g and temperature of 120°C.