碳纤维/环氧复合材料湿热环境疲劳剩余强度试验

为研究湿热环境对碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向带疲劳性能的影响,开展了碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向带含中心孔层压板疲劳试验和压缩剩余强度试验。分别在标准环境条件、湿热环境条件下对试件进行拉-压疲劳试验,最后进行压缩剩余强度试验,通过对试验结果的分析,研究碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向带在温度70±2℃、相对湿度(85±5)%RH的湿热环境影响下的疲劳性能。试验表明:湿热环境试件与标准环境试件相比,强度下降了2%,为复合材料方向舵的疲劳损伤容限试验提供了试验依据。     

IEC 60945标准中湿热试验方法的探讨

本文探讨了IEC 60945标准湿热试验中升温和加湿试验方法的合理性。通过根据湿热试验的基本原理和IEC 60068-2-30、IEC 60068-2-78以及GB/T 2423.3、GB/T 2423.4等相关国际、国家标准中湿热试验的具体试验方法,分析IEC 60945中湿热试验的试验方法是否合理。结果显示,IEC 60945标准中湿热试验的试验方法与IEC 60068-2-30、IEC 60068-2-78标准的操作顺序不同,试验结果也不相同。基于此,可有如下结论:IEC 60945标准中湿热试验的试验方法中升温和加湿的先后顺序与交变湿热的作用机理相悖,建议将试验方法的操作顺序修改为在低温条件下将试验箱内的相对湿度升到不小于95 %,待箱内相对湿度达到95 %以后,在3 h±30 min内将箱内温度由25 ℃±3 ℃升至40 ℃±2 ℃。     

电机在一般环境条件下使用的湿热试验要求（报批稿）

1范围 本标准规定了在一般环境条件下使用的旋转电机的湿热试验方法、技术要求和检验规则。本标准适用于各种类型的旋转电机（微型控制电机除外,以下简称电机）。按GB 755规定,使用环境相对湿度为：最湿月平均最高相对湿度为90%,同时该月月平均最低温度不高于25℃的电机应符合本标准的规定。     

湿热环境实施技术

本文通过试验对比,说明直接式加温加湿方式优于间接式加温加湿方式,并简述了湿热环境系统的构成及所研制的湿热环境试验箱的主要性能指标。     

试谈雷达电子产品通电工作状态的模拟湿热试验

根据我国的实际情况，肯定了对雷达电子设备在湿热环境条件下进行通电工作的需要，分析了湿热环境对产品的影响，结合某雷达产品模拟湿热试验的实践，论证了模拟湿热环境通电工作的必要性和可行性，指出了在较低装配级别上进行通电试验，效果更理想。     

湿热环境试验室加湿方式的选择

本文结合湿热环境试验的特点，对湿热环境试验室加湿方式选择原则属种加湿方式的特点和适用条件进行了分析，对于进行工程计有一定的参考价值。     

湿热环境应力下产品失效机理分析

阐述了湿热环境下产品的失效模式,分析了在湿热环境应力下产品功能失效的原因,指出了产品一般都会受到湿度与温度的综合影响,产品的各种劣化效应往往是产品表面受潮和体积受潮两种现象所造成的,并针对性地提出了对产品进行有效防护的方法.     

高原及湿热环境对橡胶材料劣化影响的对比分析研究

通过对橡胶材料在高原及湿热环境条件下进行暴露试验的结果进行对比分析研究，根据高原，湿热不同环境对不同牌号的橡胶材料外观与性能劣化影响各不相同的情形，提出了高原地区选用橡胶材料简单地采用湿热环境标准的结论。     

琼海湿热服役环境数据分析

叙通过统计琼海2007年~2016年太阳辐照、温湿度等环境数据,利用标准偏差及变异系数,分析了湿热服役环境条件近十年的数据稳定性。结果显示,太阳辐照季节性特征明显,夏季变异系数一般在10%~15%之间,冬季最高可达40%,影响冬季开始的自然暴露试验结果的重复性;温湿度数据具有较好的稳定性,变异系数分别在15%及10%内,对自然暴露试验结果的重复性影响较小。     

机电一体化产品的数控系统湿热环境适应性及防护技术初探

研究了机电一体化产品的数控系统的湿热使用环境条件及其对产品的影响，在此基础上，提出提高产品在湿热环境适应性方面的防护技术措施。     

湿热沿海海上风电机组环境适应性测试评价分析

海上风资源丰富,同时存在高温、高湿、盐雾、台风等恶劣环境因素。本文对福建沿海地区某海上风电机组进行为期一年的环境适应性测试,分别从温湿度监测、海盐粒子浓度监测、大气腐蚀等级测试、电器设备腐蚀环境监测及结构件防腐措施现场测试这几个方面进行评价分析,为服役于湿热沿海的风电机组在设计、制造、运行和维护方面提供一定的参考。     

Characterizing Rainwater Harvesting Performance and Demonstrating Stormwater Management Benefits in the Humid Southeast USA

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has traditionally been implemented in areas with (semi) arid climates or limited access to potable water supplies; however, recent droughts in the humid southeastern United States have led to increased implementation of RWH systems. The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) present usage characteristics and performance results for four RWH systems installed in humid North Carolina (NC) as compared with systems located in arid/semiarid regions and (2) identify system benefits and modifications that could help improve the performance of RWH systems installed in humid regions of the world. For this study four RWH systems were installed in NC. Their usage was monitored for at least one year and compared with similar studies. Results revealed that dedicated water uses and usage characteristics for RWH systems in NC differed from those previously reported in the literature. Two of the systems studied met 100 and 61% of the potable water demand with designated uses of animal kennel flushing and greenhouse irrigation, respectively. The designated uses yielding the greatest potable water replacement were often seasonal or periodic, thus necessitating the need for identifying and implementing secondary objectives for these systems, namely, stormwater management. Otherwise, the expense and effort required to implement RWH systems in humid areas will most likely preclude their use.     

Plant Diversity in Live Fences and Pastures,Two Examples from the Mexican Humid Tropics

This study analyzes the potential uses of live fences and pastures as reservoirs of plant diversity for two regions with different management histories, Los Tuxtlas (LT) and Uxpanapa (UX), Veracruz, México. We studied two habitats, live fences and pastures, analyzed their species richness, diversity, structure and plant composition and classified species according to plant regeneration modes (light-demanding and shade tolerant), seed dispersal syndrome and their local uses. We recorded 62 species of trees at LT and 48 at UX. Live fences were more diverse than pastures in both regions. The LT site showed to analyze the relationship a higher diversity of plants in regeneration stages than the one at UX. However, UX had higher diversity of adult plants in the pastures than LT. Composition and structure of live fences were different between regions, as well as within live fences and pastures, 53 % of species were light-demanding and 40 % were shade tolerant; 70 % of the species were dispersed by birds. Differences between sites are associated with the modifications in live fences structure, which changed according to managerial practices and the use of local species; this may influence plant regeneration modes as well as the visits of avian dispersal agents. In LT, all species found in live fences were useful to humans, whereas in UX, less than half were used by the local population. Our results underline the importance of live fences and isolated trees in pasture habitats as potential sites to host native and useful species from tropical rain forests in livestock landscapes.     

Evaluation of Reference Evapotranspiration Methods in Arid,Semiarid, and Humid Regions

It is often necessary to find a simpler method in different climatic regions to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration (ET_o) since the application of the FAO‐56 Penman‐Monteith method is often restricted due to the unavailability of a comprehensive weather dataset. Seven ET_o methods, namely the standard FAO‐56 Penman‐Monteith, the FAO‐24 Radiation, FAO‐24 Blaney Criddle, 1985 Hargreaves, Priestley‐Taylor, 1957 Makkink, and 1961 Turc, were applied to calculate monthly averages of daily ET_o, total annual ET_o, and daily ET_o in an arid region at Aksu, China, in a semiarid region at Tongchuan, China, and in a humid region at Starkville, Mississippi, United States. Comparisons were made between the FAO‐56 method and the other six simple alternative methods, using the index of agreement D, modeling efficiency (EF), and root mean square error (RMSE). For the monthly averages of daily ET_o, the values of D, EF, and RMSE ranged from 0.82 to 0.98, 0.55 to 0.98, and 0.23 to 1.00 mm/day, respectively. For the total annual ET_o, the values of D, EF, and RMSE ranged from 0.21 to 0.91, ?43.08 to 0.82, and 24.80 to 234.08 mm/year, respectively. For the daily ET_o, the values of D, EF, and RMSE ranged from 0.58 to 0.97, 0.57 to 0.97, and 0.30 to 1.06 mm/day, respectively. The results showed that the Priestly‐Taylor and 1985 Hargreaves methods worked best in the arid and semiarid regions, while the 1957 Makkink worked best in the humid region.     

增湿塔给水(喷雾)自控系统

由大连电子研究所开发的增湿塔给水（喷雾）自控系统，适用于水泥行业的电除尘系统。     

循环悬浮多级增湿半干法烟气净化技术

由蓝天环保设备工程有限公司开发的循环悬浮多级增湿半干法烟气净化技术，适用于670t／h以下中小型燃煤电厂锅炉和垃圾焚烧炉尾气净化处理，尤其适用于场地有限的中小型老电厂改造。     

Evaluating the Role of Plantations as Carbon Sinks: An Example of an Integrative Approach from the Humid Tropics

/ Despite their fast growth, tropical plantations are a small sink of atmospheric carbon because they occupy only a small area in relation to other land uses worldwide. Proper design and management of plantations can increase biomass accumulation rates, making them more effective C sinks. However, fast-growing plantations can extract large amounts of nutrients from the soil, and site fertility declines may limit sustained plantation forestry after a few rotations. We measured aboveground biomass accumulation, carbon sequestration, and soil chemistry in three young plantations of 12 indigenous tree species in pure and mixed designs in the humid lowlands of Costa Rica. Annual biomass increments for the three mixed plantations ranged from 10-13 Mg/ha. The mixtures of four species gave higher biomass per hectare than that obtained by the sum of one fourth hectare of each species in pure plots. At this early age of the plantations, estimated annual C sequestration values were comparable to other reports from young plantations of exotic species commonly grown in the tropics. Four years after planting, decreases in soil nutrients were apparent in pure plots of some of the fastest growing species, while beneficial effects on soils were noted under other species. The mixed plots showed intermediate values for the nutrients examined and, sometimes, improved soil conditions. A mixture of fast and slower growing species yields products at different times, with the slower growing species constituting a longer term sink for fixed carbon. Examination of the role of tropical plantations as C sinks necessitates integrative approaches that consider rates of C sequestration, potential deleterious effects on ecosystem nutrients, and economic, social, and environmental constraints.KEY WORDS: Native trees; Aboveground biomass; Stem increments; Rotation length; Soil nutrients; Economics     

温泉地旅游资源评价研究——以厦门翠丰温泉与腾冲热海温泉为例

从客观实际出发,应用层次分析法(AHP),从旅游资源条件和旅游开发条件两方面着手构建了温泉地旅游资源评价体系,并据此进行计算机处理、排序和检验,提出了温泉地旅游资源等级指标及赋分标准.以厦门翠丰温泉及腾冲热海温泉为实证研究对象,针对其具体情况进行理论的检验与进一步论证.     

Assessment of Tree Rings as a Hydrologic Record in a Humid Subtropical Environment1

Crockett, Kris, Jonathan B. Martin, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, Evan R. Larson, and Thomas Mirti, 2010. Assessment of Tree Rings as a Hydrologic Record in a Humid Subtropical Environment. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00464.x Abstract: Information about long-term variability of streamflow is important to allocate water resources, but few historical records extend more than 75 years into the past, requiring proxy records to evaluate flow prior to that time. Flow proxies have been found in tree-ring widths in temperate regions, but have rarely been used in humid subtropical environments because the relationship between tree growth and climate was believed to be weakened by limited seasonality and stress on tree growth from drought conditions. Tree-ring residual chronologies from two forests sampled from northern Florida correlate well with historical annual discharge (r² values as high as 0.47) from 3 of 15 river-gauging stations that were used to compare with the tree-ring chronologies. The best correlations occur where streamflow has little contribution from spring discharge or continuous flow from lakes and wetlands. Streams lack correlations with the tree-ring residual chronologies (r² values as low as 0.0002) where springs and continuous discharge from lakes mute variations in their flow. Tree-ring chronologies appear to be useful for reconstruction of prehistorical variations of some streamflow in humid subtropical regions, but interpretations of the reconstructions must consider the local hydrologic conditions.