鸟粪石结晶法回收废水中氮磷的研究进展

采用鸟粪石结晶法处理含氮磷污水,可实现氮磷的去除及回收利用.本文介绍了鸟粪石法处理含氮磷污水的基本原理、现阶段研究热点,总结了目前研究的不足之处,展望了该法处理含氮磷污水的研究方向及发展前景.     

鸟粪石结晶法从废水中回收磷的研究进展

鸟粪石结晶法是一种能同时回收废水中磷源和氮源的处理方法。本文总结了鸟粪石晶体的生长机理、颗粒形成和生长的影响因素,并着重比较了能够形成鸟粪石的各种反应器的优缺点。此外,文章总结了采用鸟粪石结晶法处理实际废水的相关研究,并对其经济效益做了评估。最后对鸟粪石结晶技术未来的研究方向进行了展望,提出了国内鸟粪石结晶技术研究的必要性。     

鸟粪石沉淀法回收污泥碱性发酵液中氮磷的研究

研究了利用鸟粪石沉淀法从污泥碱性发酵液中回收氮磷的影响因素。结果表明,室温下,将浓缩污泥碱性发酵,发酵液中含有大量的SCOD,NH_4~+-N,PO_4~(3-)-P。最佳实验条件为以MgSO_4·7H_2O为镁源,投加方式为间歇投加,p H值为9.25,Mg~(2+):PO_4~(3-)-P摩尔比为1.2∶1,搅拌30 min。NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-P的回收率分别达到53.3%和97.63%。     

污泥水热碳化技术的应用

城镇污水处理厂污泥是污水处理的副产物，具有污染与资源的双重属性，对污泥进行安全、高效的处理处置，是保障污水处理厂稳定运行、避免二次污染、实现资源能源回收的重要工作。文章介绍的污泥水热碳化处理技术，是污泥焚烧和土地利用等处置前的一种经济、高效的处理技术。污泥通过水热碳化处理后，含水率能降至30%，减容效果显著，收集、运输便利；处理后污泥的重金属生物毒性大幅降低，病原菌等微生物被杀灭，实现了无害化和稳定化；生物炭保留了污泥有机质和氮磷等营养物质，热值高，可作为生物燃料和矿山生态修复的材料。     

浅析电镀含铜和含镍污泥的资源化回收工艺

电镀污泥中含有大量重金属，属于危险废物，但经恰当处理，对金属进行回收，可产生一定的经济效益和环境效益，其中的铜和镍最具有回收价值。本文简述了电镀含铜和含镍污泥的资源化回收工艺，并对其中的物料平衡和金属平衡作了分析。     

白洋淀上覆水氮磷浓度对沉积物氮磷释放的影响

采用实验室静态模拟法,研究了白洋淀上覆水氮磷浓度对沉积物中氮磷释放的影响。结果表明,上覆水浓度对沉积物中氮磷释放速率有较大影响,上覆水浓度越低,营养盐释放速率越快,反之越慢。S曲线可以很好地拟合氮磷营养盐累计释放量的变化趋势,指数衰减动力学模型可以很好地描述氮磷释放速率变化趋势。     

污泥中铁磷化合物分析方法的研究进展

铁盐是污水处理厂最常用的除磷药剂之一,投加的铁会和污水中的磷结合形成铁磷化合物。通过一定的分析方法可以了解污泥中铁磷化合物的形态及含量,有助于开发从含铁磷化合物污泥中释放及回收磷的技术。介绍了污泥中铁磷化合物可能的存在形态与形成机理,概述了目前铁磷化合物分析方法的研究与应用进展,并对污泥中铁磷化合物分析方法未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

源分离黄水氮磷资源化利用研究进展

黄水(尿液)中含有较高的氮磷钾组分,具有较高的资源化回收潜力。对黄水在源头分离并资源化利用,能够提高氮磷的回收效率,同时降低污水厂的运行压力。对氮磷减排和资源化回收现状、源分离排水系统以及源分离黄水的处理技术发展现状等进行综述,为源分离黄水资源化提供技术支持,为"厕所改革"在农村地区的推广提供参考。     

油田含油污泥处理新方法──污泥浓缩干化法

油田含油污泥处理新方法──污泥浓缩干化法彭自学（中原石油勘探局勘察设计研究院）采油过程中产生大量的含油污水，污水处理过程中从构筑物及设备所排出的污泥占总污水处理量的２．５％～３％，其含水率为９９％左右。污泥脱水是污泥处理的主要过程，使含水率为９９％左...     

含油污水处理工艺中的污泥及污油回收技术改进措施

针对油田含油污水处理工艺中油水分离设备及缓冲罐等,长期运行积累的污泥若不及时排出,将导致污水中的悬浮固体含量上升和过滤负荷增大、缩短污水处理时间、影响处理效果及水质的问题。寻找合适的工艺技术,去除系统中产生的污油,以提高处理效率、改善最终处理水质。通过采用污泥回收、污油回收等措施,实现了污泥的有效排出,污油的有效回收,改善了处理水质,满足油田的生产需要。     

Bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge: A review

During the treatment of sewage, a huge volume of sludge is generated, which is disposed of on land as soil fertilizer/conditioner due to the presence of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. However, the presence of toxic heavy metals and other toxic compounds in the sludge restricts its use as a fertilizer. Over the years, bioleaching has been developed as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology for the removal of heavy metals from the sludge. The present paper gives an overview of the various bioleaching studies carried out in different modes of operation. The various important aspects such as pathogen destruction, odor reduction and metal recovery from acidic leachate also have been discussed. Further, a detailed discussion was made on the various technical problems associated with the bioleaching process, which need to be addressed while developing the process on a larger scale.     

污水处理磷回收的研究进展

磷矿数量减少与含磷污水造成的水体富营养化问题对磷资源的可持续利用提出了迫切要求。从污水处理的不同环节回收磷并重新利用,是实现磷资源循环利用的有效途径。本文讨论了国内外磷回收技术的研究进展和应用实例,包括从含磷污泥和富磷污水中回收磷的工艺,并对磷回收的技术经济性进行了分析。     

剩余污泥经臭氧破解后其中碳、氮和磷的变化

在臭氧对污泥进行减量的过程中,针对臭氧作用后污泥中碳、氮和磷数量的变化,对污水处理厂的剩余污泥进行了不同累计时间的臭氧作用研究,结果表明经臭氧破解后污泥中的TN没有较大改变,污泥中的TP最终呈减少趋势,破解液中的COD虽有所增加,但破解液回流到生物系统中反而可以补充反硝化过程中有机碳的不足,从而促进污水生物处理的脱氮除磷作用,臭氧的引入不仅可以减少污水处理厂的运行成本,同时可为城镇污水处理厂全面升级改造提供一定的参考。     

高负荷活性污泥法应用于中小城市污水处理的研究

针对目前二级城市污水处理厂工程投资高、运行费用高的特点，提出适合中小城市污水处理的工艺——高负荷活性污泥法（HAS）。该工艺不设初次沉淀池，负荷高，泥龄短，污泥沉降性能良好，不存在污泥膨胀，对有机物的去除以絮凝、吸附、沉淀作用为主，对COD、BOD，、SS都有较高的去除效果，对氮、磷有一定的去除作用，出水水质可满足《农田灌溉水质标准》的要求。     

EFFECTS OF SLUDGE AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON RUNOFF WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT: Simulated rainfall was used on experimental field plots to compare the effect of chemical fertilizer and sludge application on sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus in runoff from no-till and conventional tillage systems. Chemical fertilizer application under the no-till system resulted in the least amount of total N and P in surface runoff. However, sludge application under the no-till system resulted in the least amount of NO₃-N and sediment in surface runoff. The worst water quality scenarios were observed when either sludge or chemical fertilizer were surface-applied under a conventional tillage system. Nitrogen losses from the conventional tillage system were minimized when sludge was incorporated into the soil. However, phosphorus and sediment yield from such a system were significantly higher when compared to phosphorus and sediment yield from the no-till system. The results from this study indicate that the use of sludge on agricultural land under a no-till system can be a viable alternative to chemical fertilizer for nitrogen and phosphorus control in runoff. A more cautious approach is recommended when the sludge is incorporated into the soil in a conventional tillage system because of potential for high sediment and phosphorus yield in surface runoff.     

Local recycling of plant nutrients from small-scale wastewater systems to farmland—A Swedish scenario study

Reducing the negative impact from on-site systems and promoting recycling are important tasks for municipal authorities, especially as regards phosphorus. The objective of this scenario study was to compare energy turnover in a life cycle perspective, recycling potential and expected reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions for three upgraded small-scale wastewater systems based on local recycling of plant nutrients. The systems studied were urine separation, blackwater separation and chemical precipitation in the septic tank. The urine was sanitised through storage, the blackwater through liquid composting and the precipitated sludge through chemical treatment with urea before reuse in agriculture. The system boundaries included the operational phase as well as investment in capital goods required for upgrading the existing on-site systems.The urine separation system used least energy. The potential recycling and reduction of phosphorus was lower than for the other two systems, while that of nitrogen was higher than for the chemical precipitation system but lower than for the blackwater separation system. The blackwater separation system reduced both nitrogen and phosphorus to a high extent and also enabled a large proportion of both nitrogen and phosphorus to be recycled to arable land. However, a major drawback with this system was its significantly higher use of electricity, related to the aeration and stirring required when sanitising the blackwater by liquid composting. When urea treatment replaced liquid composting, the use of electricity decreased substantially in the blackwater separation system. The chemical precipitation system was efficient in reducing and recycling phosphorus, while inefficient for nitrogen. The use of fossil fuels was significantly higher than for the other two systems, primarily due to the production of the precipitation chemical.     

CAST工艺脱氮的研究

在CAST工艺中，通过控制活性污泥工艺的反应环境可以使氮的去除过程优化。将传统的处理方法和周期循环运行过程的处理效果做长时间的比较，通过检测比较硝化速率，同时硝化反硝化以及除磷效果，可知，当运行负荷相同时，周期循环运行过程是一种很有优势的污水处理方法。     

The effects of pulverized refuse fines (PRF) as a soil material on plant growth

Pulverized refuse fines (PRF) are the residual fine screenings from refuse-derived fuel plants after the removal of metals and oversize material from domestic refuse, and the extraction of the light fraction as fuel. It appears to be a potential soil amendment, but currently it is disposed of by landfilling. The glasshouse experiment described in this paper therefore evaluated its effectiveness as a soil amendment or soil material for plant growth.PRF had a slightly alkaline pH and was high in organic carbon and soluble salts. Unamended PRF supported significantly higher yields of ryegrass than PRF mixed with a sandy soil at 2 and 10% (w/w), and was comparable to that of sewage sludge and sludge-amended PRF. On the other hand, PRF supplemented with inorganic nitrogen or phosphorus resulted in better yields than PRF alone. Despite the high C/N ratio of PRF, nitrogen recovery in ryegrass suggested that mineralization was sufficiently high to allow adequate plant uptake and sustained plant growth, although there was initial inhibition. Tissue contents of zinc, copper and cadmium from pure PRF treatment were not excessive and were lower than those from sewage sludge.High rate applications of PRF, which are desirable from the viewpoint of disposal, should not cause environmental degradation. PRF is not as good as commercial fertilizers or potting media, but it can be an excellent soil substitute in horticulture and land reclamation.     

油田作业区生活污水处理设计与运行

倒置A2/O悬浮填料生物膜处理工艺,能有效解决生物脱氮除磷工艺中的泥龄矛盾。其工艺简单、运行低耗、处理高效、抗冲击能力强的特点在宣汉采气作业区的生活污水处理工程中得以应用,适合油田作业区生活污水的处理。在来水波动较大时,出水也可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准。