高级氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展

本文介绍了包括化学氧化法、电化学氧化法、光催化氧化法、超声氧化法、辐照氧化法和催化湿式氧化法等在内的高级氧化技术的机理和运用于垃圾渗滤液处理的研究进展,并提出高级氧化技术与生物处理联合运用和各种高级氧化工艺之间的优化组合将是实现高级氧化技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中工程化运用的发展方向.     

高级氧化技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分非常复杂的高浓度有机废水.本文介绍了高级氧化技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用现状.主要包括Fenton氧化法、光化学催化氧化法、湿式氧化法、臭氧氧化法、超声氧化法、电化学氧化法、超临界水氧化法及等离子体技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用,分析了高级氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液的原理,探讨了它们的优缺点,并对高级氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液应用的未来发展进行了展望.     

高级氧化技术在压裂返排液深度处理中的应用

高级氧化技术对油田压裂返排液中难降解有机污染物的深度处理显示出了较好的效果。文章在阐述高级氧化技术处理油田压裂返排液原理的基础上,简要介绍了油田压裂返排液处理方面的几种高级氧化技术:化学氧化、光催化氧化、电催化氧化、Fenton氧化法、湿式空气氧化、超临界水氧化、超声波氧化,重点讨论了高级氧化技术在油田压裂返排液深度处理中的应用情况,并对其在油田压裂返排液处理方面的发展方向进行了展望。     

氧化法处理水中酚的研究方法综述

目前氧化法处理含酚废水的方法有化学氧化法即臭氧氧化法、Fenton试剂氧化法等，酶催化氧化法以及光化学氧化法即光敏化氧化、光催化氧化法等；分析了它们的优势及存在的问题；并提出了今后的研究方向，即臭氧-生物活性炭、臭氧辐射、臭氧-H2O2技术，水溶性酶制剂连接到固体载体上制成固化酶，H2O2－BAC、O3－H2O2－BAC联用技术等。     

电化学催化氧化降解有机物的机理及研究进展

介绍了电化学催化氧化降解水中有机物的机理：电化学直接氧化和电化学间接氧化、在电催化氧化过程中应用的电极材料、电极结构及其催化特性、国内外目前的研究进展、指出了目前研究降解机理中的存在缺陷。最后提出了电化学催化氧化在实际工程中应用存在的问题及今后电化学催化氧化降解有机物的研究重点。     

高级氧化技术处理难降解有机废水

介绍了高级氧化技术处理难降解有机废水的原理及应用情况,如湿式氧化法、Fenton法、光化学法、电化学法、臭氧氧化法等;并分别指出各高级氧化技术在处理难降解有机废水过程中存在的问题和发展趋势。     

高级氧化技术在油田水处理中的应用

概述了高级氧化技术的基本原理和发展历程,介绍了臭氧氧化、二氧化氯氧化及光催化氧化等典型的高级氧化技术及其在水处理中的应用进展情况。结合目前油田水处理中出现的新问题,如硫酸盐还原菌含量高、有机物浓度高、微生物易于繁殖以及结垢严重等现象,对高级氧化技术在油田水处理中的应用前景进行了论述。同时提出应进一步加强对油田采出污水杀菌、油田水的灭藻和除泥、油田地面水体油污染控制等方面的研究。     

深度氧化技术处理有机废水的研究进展

利用深度氧化技术处理有机废水是目前国内外废水处理的新技术,在美国和欧洲等发达国家,该技术已应用于各种废水和饮用水处理过程。针对我国石油、石化企业在外排废水中所含有毒有害有机物质大多难以降解的特点,经过调研,详细介绍了深度氧化技术处理有机废水的研究进展,并着重探讨了在光催化氧化技术、超声降解技术、超临界水氧化技术、湿式氧化技术等方面所做的工作及深度氧化过程除去水中有机污染物的原理。     

Fenton氧化法处理难降解有机废水的研究进展

Fenton氧化法在处理难降解有机污染物时具有独特的优势，是一种很有应用前景的废水处理技术。在阐述传统Fenton氧化、光Fenton氧化、电Fenton氧化技术的基础上，介绍了三种氧化技术在难降解有机废水处理中的应用现状，并对其在废水处理中的优势、存在问题和研究方向作出了系统评述。     

氧化石墨烯复合膜处理含油废水的研究进展

氧化石墨烯(GO)膜在水处理方面有较好效果,但纯氧化石墨烯膜的稳定性、抗污性差,水通量低,对于油水分离不能达到最优效果。引入功能材料通过物理和化学方法改性后,得到氧化石墨烯修饰复合膜和氧化石墨烯基复合膜,其水通量、抗污性和油水分离效率都得到有效提高。文章简要介绍了国内外具有代表性的氧化石墨烯复合膜在含油废水处理方面的研究,探讨了复合膜去除含油废水的机理,并总结和展望了氧化石墨烯复合膜材料的发展前景。     

Fenton试剂与改性凹凸棒石联合处理微污染水中苯酚的实验研究

研究了Fenton试剂联合聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）改性凹凸棒石对模拟微污染水中苯酚的去除效果。考察了pH值、反应时间、投加量、温度等因素对苯酚去除效果的影响。结果表明：先采用Fenton试剂氧化再用改性凹凸棒石吸附对微污染水中苯酚具有较好的去除效果，在pH=9、温度为25℃、改性凹凸棒石投加量为5g／L、吸附时间20min的条件下，苯酚去除率达98．2％。     

油田含油污水高级氧化技术研究

以气浮—过滤预处理后的污水为处理对象,通过臭氧氧化与Fenton氧化两种方法处理油田含油污水。经实验验证:Fenton在pH为4,H2O2初始浓度为0.08mol/L,Fe2+与H2O2的摩尔比为1:10,H2O2与CODCr的质量比为1:1,反应时间为60min的条件下,去除率达54.3%(CODCr100mg/L),可达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

Optimization of Fenton's oxidation of chemical laboratory wastewaters using the response surface methodology

Establishing a treatment process for practical and economic disposal of laboratory wastewaters has become an urgent environmental concern of the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (State University of Maringá), Brazil. Fenton and related reactions are potentially useful oxidation processes for destroying toxic organic compounds in water. In these reactions, hydrogen peroxide is combined with ferrous or ferric iron in the presence or absence of light to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH). The feasibility of Fenton's reagent to treat waste chemicals from an academic research laboratory was investigated in this study. A response surface methodology was applied to optimize the Fenton oxidation process conditions using chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal as the target parameter to optimize, and the reagent concentrations, as related to the initial concentration of organic matter in the effluent, and pH as the control factors to be optimized. Maximal COD removal (92.3%) was achieved when wastewater samples were treated at pH 4 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iron in the ratios [COD]:[H2O2]=1:9 and [H2O2]:[Fe2+]=4.5:1. Under these conditions, it was possible to obtain simultaneously maximal COD removal and minimal chemical sludge after treatment, which is a residue that needs further processing.     

Costs of the electrochemical oxidation of wastewaters: a comparison with ozonation and Fenton oxidation processes

In the work described here the technical and economic feasibilities of three Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have been studied: Conductive-Diamond Electrochemical Oxidation (CDEO), Ozonation and Fenton oxidation. The comparison was made by assessing the three technologies with synthetic wastewaters polluted with different types of organic compounds and also with actual wastes (from olive oil mills and from a fine-chemical manufacturing plant). All three technologies were able to treat the wastes, but very different results were obtained in terms of efficiency and mineralization. Only CDEO could achieve complete mineralization of the pollutants for all the wastes. However, the efficiencies were found to depend on the concentration of pollutant (mass transfer control of the oxidation rate). Results obtained in the oxidation with ozone (at pH 12) or by Fenton's reagent were found to depend on the nature of the pollutants, and significant concentrations of oxidation-refractory compounds were usually accumulated during the treatment. Within the discharge limits that all of the technologies can reach, the economic analysis shows that the operating cost of Fenton oxidation is lower than either CDEO or ozonation, although CD\EO can compete satisfactorily with the Fenton process in the treatment of several kinds of wastes. Likewise, the investment cost for the ozonation process seems to be higher than either CDEO or Fenton oxidation, regardless of the pollutant treated.     

Effect of chloride ions on the oxidation of aniline by Fenton's reagent

The objective of this study was to experimentally probe the mechanism of chloride ions specifically affecting aniline oxidation by Fenton's reagent. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH, Fe2+, H2O2 and chloride concentration on the oxidation reaction. Results show that the inhibition caused by chloride ions can be overcome by extending the reaction time if the concentration of chloride ions is low. At a high concentration of chloride ions, however, the oxidation of aniline was inhibited, and actually ceased due to the complexation of Fe-Cl. In this study, the chloride ion concentration was kept at 0.2 M in the experiments when studying the effect of ferrous ion concentration on the Fenton reaction. If the ratio of [Cl-]/[Fe2+] was < or = 200, the inhibition effect was very significant. In other words, adding more ferrous ions rather than hydrogen peroxide can break the inhibition originating from the chloride ions at an initial stage of pH 3. The inhibition effect of chloride ions on the aniline reaction depended on the reaction pH; the extent of inhibition decreased with increasing the initial pH as long as the pH was less than 5. Consequently, the inhibition effect by chloride ions was primarily due to the complexation of iron species and chloride ions. The influence of chloride ions on aniline oxidation due to the competition of hydroxyl radicals was not significant.     

4－氨基安替比林分光光度法测定水中挥发酚的影响因素

本文介绍了测定挥发酚过程中加蒸馏水顺序、预蒸馏时的pH值、预蒸馏前试剂加入顺序、显色时试剂加入顺序、显色剂纯度、显色时间等因素对挥发酚测定的影响。实验结果表明预蒸馏时的pH值、试剂加入顺序、显色剂纯度、显色时间对测定结果都有一定影响。控制好上述条件才能获得较准确的结果。     

Sulfate removal from waste chemicals by precipitation

Chemical oxidation using Fenton's reagent has proven to be a viable alternative to the oxidative destruction of organic pollutants in mixed waste chemicals, but the sulfate concentration in the treated liquor was still above the acceptable limits for effluent discharge. In this paper, the feasibility of sulfate removal from complex laboratory wastewaters using barium and calcium precipitation was investigated. The process was applied to different wastewater cases (two composite samples generated in different periods) in order to study the effect of the wastewater composition on the sulfate precipitation. The experiments were performed with raw and oxidized wastewater samples, and carried out according to the following steps: (1) evaluate the pH effect upon sulfate precipitation on raw wastewaters at pH range of 2-8; (2) conduct sulfate precipitation experiments on raw and oxidized wastewaters; and (3) characterize the precipitate yielded. At a concentration of 80 g L(-1), barium precipitation achieved a sulfate removal up to 61.4% while calcium precipitation provided over 99% sulfate removal in raw and oxidized wastewaters and for both samples. Calcium precipitation was chosen to be performed after Fenton's oxidation; hence this process configuration favors the production of higher quality precipitates. The results showed that, when dried at 105 degrees C, the precipitate is composed of hemidrate and anhydrous calcium sulfate ( approximately 99.8%) and trace metals ( approximately 0.2%: Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ag, Mg, K, Na), what makes it suitable for reuse in innumerous processes.     

化学药剂对吸入式气浮净化机除油浮选动力学的影响

本研究在实验室装置上着重考察了化学药剂对吸入式气浮净化机除油浮选动力学的影响。研究结果表明化学药剂对浮选速率常数有明显影响,不同化学药剂及用量其影响效果不同。     

Treatment of E. coli HB101 and the tetM gene by Fenton’s reagent and ozone in cow manure

The destruction of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms at the source of contamination is necessary due to their adverse effects and to their increasingly widespread occurrence in the environment. To address this problem, Fenton and ozone oxidation processes were applied to synthetically contaminated cow manure to remove the tetM gene and its host, Escherichia coli HB101. The efficiency of the processes was evaluated by enumeration of E. coli HB101 and by PCR amplification of the tetM gene. The results of this study show that 56.60% bacterial inactivation (corresponding to a 0.36 log reduction) was achieved by a Fenton reagent dose of 50 mM H₂O₂ and 5 mM Fe²⁺ without acidifying the manure. Despite the high organic content of cow manure, 98.50% bacterial inactivation (corresponding to a 1.83 log reduction) was obtained by the ozonation process with an applied dose of 3.125 mg ozone/g manure slurry. The PCR study revealed that the band intensity of the tetM gene gradually decreased by increasing the Fenton reagent and the applied ozone dose. However, significantly high doses of oxidants would be required to completely eliminate bacterial pollution in manure.