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1.
偶氮染料是总量最大、种类最多的合成染料,其降解处理通常采用厌氧-好氧技术。厌氧过程可实现偶氮染料的还原,好氧过程则完成还原产物芳香胺的去除。厌氧过程受偶氮染料结构和浓度、底物的种类和浓度、其他电子受体、氧化还原介体、温度和DO等环境因素以及水力停留时间的影响。好氧条件下芳香胺的降解过程受其自身的结构、浓度、外加碳源以及降解体系等影响,且自氧化过程影响了芳香胺的生物降解。在实际废水处理中应创造良好的条件提高偶氮染料的厌氧一好氧生物降解效率。  相似文献   

2.
含氮杂环化合物的生物降解研究进展   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
孙丽娟  李咏梅  顾国维 《四川环境》2005,24(1):61-64,73
杂环化合物是焦化、印染、农药等工业废水中常见的有机污染物,是造成这类废水难生物降解的主要原因。本文介绍了国内外对含氮杂环化合物在好氧、厌氧、缺氧条件下以及共基质条件下生物降解性能的研究进展,总结了部分菌种对杂环化合物的降解途径,并对一些现象从分子结构和电荷特性等方面给予了解释。最后对含氮杂环化合物的生物降解提出了进一步的研究方向。  相似文献   

3.
铁元素对有机物厌氧降解的影响研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
陈皓  陈玲  赵建夫  张红  孙娜 《四川环境》2005,24(6):14-16
不同价态的铁元素氧化还原性不同,对有机物的厌氧生物降解过程的影响也不同。以邻氟苯酚和硝基苯为目标污染物,投铁量为20~100mg/L的条件下,单质铁能加速硝基苯的厌氧降解,对2-氟酚降解的影响则很小;二价铁和三价铁对两种物质都表现出一定的抑制作用,投加浓度越高,抑制作用越明显。  相似文献   

4.
研究了二段式接触氧化工艺处理城市生活垃圾填埋渗滤液的强化预处理单元溶解氧变化对单元运行效果的影响。监测了0.2mg/L,0.4mg/L,0.6mg/L,0.8mg/L,1.0mg/L五个DO水平下,COD、NH3-N在0~30h内降解状况,降解曲线在较低的DO条件下,高效段较短,而DO越高,高效段越长。同时,对不同DO水平下C/N随时间的变化也进行了检测,为达到不同的C/N水平提供了工况选择上的参考。分析了降解曲线的特征及其工程应用的价值,提出了常规条件下该单元较优的溶解氧工况水平。  相似文献   

5.
微生物对石油烃类的降解机理   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
文章分析了生物降解需要的条件、环境因素对石油烃微生物降解的影响,石油烃类的有氧降解机理、有氧降解方式,石油烃类的厌氧降解机理、厌氧降解过程中某些无机含氧化合物作受氢体的递氢过程,石油烃类化合物微生物降解难易程度,提出了以后应进一步重视原油的生物降解应用于我国微生物采油的研究。  相似文献   

6.
城市污水处理厂剩余污泥中温厌氧消化处理研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
应用污水处理厂剩余污泥开展污泥中温厌氧消化实验,对一系列影响污泥厌氧消化反应的因素进行了考察。实验结果表明:由于污泥C/N值较低,单独消化非常困难,有机物分解率比较低,分解速度慢,气体发生量少。在35℃时,污泥投配率为7.5%~10%,基质的去除率可达到35.54%。37.62%,去除单位基质的产甲烷量为O.265~O.274m^3/kgCOD。  相似文献   

7.
在用人工方法改变微生物所处的环境条件下进行了生物降解试验研究,以三种不同水平的碳氮比、含油量及投菌量进行了三因素、三水平正交实验。实验结果表明,在相同温度下,温度小于或等于30 ℃时,固体菌的降解效果优于液体菌;在不同温度下,30 ℃时,固体菌的降解效果最好。最终确定出石油污染物生物降解的最佳工艺条件:温度小于或等于30 ℃,接种量为10:1,碳氧比为100:10。  相似文献   

8.
在35℃中温厌氧条件下,采用间歇试验法,通过测定甲烷累积产量,研究脱水土霉素和强力霉素两种四环素类物质的厌氧生物降解性,利用相对活性来判断两类物质对产甲烷菌的抑制程度。试验结果表明:脱水土霉素浓度低于200mg/L时产生轻度抑制,高于200mg/L产生中度抑制;强力霉素低于200mg/L时产生中度抑制,高于200mg/L时对产甲烷菌产生重度抑制,厌氧污泥活性很难恢复。  相似文献   

9.
石油污染生物修复技术研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
谢丹平 《四川环境》2006,25(4):109-112
本文概述了影响石油污染物生物降解修复处理的多种因素,对石油污染生物处理技术的发展进行了展望。其中主要影响因素包括:菌种的影响,菌种在不同的环境中和对不同碳链长度的碳氢化合物表现出不同的降解效率;石油物质本身物理化学特性的影响,如石油物质在水体或土壤中的浓度以及石油的粘度、沸点、折射率等特性;生存环境条件的影响,在接种入高效率的降解菌或利用土著微生物进行降解时,降解率受到生存环境中各种条件的影响,如表面活性剂、光照条件、吸附剂的利用、营养盐、共代谢底物、氧气、温度、盐度等。  相似文献   

10.
由中国航空工业总公司武汉仪表厂开发、中国航空工业第二集团公司推荐的厌氧一好氧生物膜水处理技术适用于印染、制革、制药、纤维板加工、食品、啤酒等高浓度有机废水和难生物降解有机废水治理及城市污水、小区生活污水处理。 主要技术内容 一、基本原理:采用厌氧一好氧工艺进行适当的工艺组合,在厌氧水解产酸段,使难降解有机物分解成易降解的小分子有机物,在厌氧反应器中利用容积负荷高、动力能耗低的特点,将有机负荷大幅度降低,再利用好氧生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水,使处理水达标排放。 二、技术关键:微生物菌剂的筛选、驯化…  相似文献   

11.
缺氧反应时间对反硝化除磷系统脱氮除磷效果的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
反硝化除磷工艺具有节省碳源、曝气量以及污泥产量低等优点,因而在处理城市生活污水中具有显著优势。反硝化除磷效能主要在缺氧阶段完成。缺氧时间直接影响系统的脱氮除磷效率。本实验以SBR反应器在厌氧/缺氧/好氧条件下富含的反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)为研究对象,通过调节不同的缺氧反应时间(150 min,210 min和270 min),考察缺氧反应时间冲击对下一周期代谢的影响和长期对整个反硝化除磷系统的影响。冲击实验发现:缺氧时间的改变基本不影响下一周期挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的吸收以及硝氮去除。在长期缺氧反应时间不同的系统中,当缺氧时间分别为150 min、210 min和270 min时,除磷效率分别是-10.4%、62.5%、73.6%,脱氮率均达到100%。当缺氧反应时间从150 min延长到270 min时,微生物体内聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)水平和聚磷(poly-P)水平以及释磷量都升高。实验表明,缺氧时间的适当延长利于提高除磷效率。  相似文献   

12.
通过考察Cu2+、Cd2+对渤海海岸带沉积物中甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的缺氧生物降解的影响,发现:外加Cu2+和Cd2+均对渤海海岸带沉积物中甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的缺氧生物降解有抑制作用,且随着外加金属离子浓度的增大,抑制作用更为明显。与Cu2+相比较,Cd2+对渤海沉积物中拟除虫菊酯缺氧生物降解的抑制作用更大,这跟Cu、Cd在渤海海岸带沉积物中的存在形态和对生物的毒性不同有密切的关系。  相似文献   

13.
A study was conducted to examine N and P removal by a laboratory-scale extended aeration treatment system employing oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) controlled aeration. The system was provided with a 90-L aeration tank. When ORP controlled aeration was applied, the aeration tank was divided into three zones, namely the ORP zone (45 L), the anaerobic zone (27 L) and the aerobic zone (18 L). An external anoxic selector of 3.8 L in volume was also added. An ORP set point of 70 mV was used for the ORP zone. The extended aeration treatment system operating without the ORP controlled aeration was used as the control.COD removal (97%) was not affected, but both N and P removal were enhanced significantly in the ORP reactor. Total N removal efficiency was increased from 49.1% (control) to 83.5%. Almost all P was captured (99%), leaving an average of 0.09 mg L−1 P in the effluent. The ORP reactor yielded a sludge P content of 3.1%, compared to only 1.8% for the control. This indicated luxury P uptake in ORP reactor. Very significant P release and denitrification were found in the anoxic selector. Fairly good simultaneous nitrification and denitrification had occurred in the ORP zone. However, P release was very limited in the anoxic zone. However, anoxic P uptake and nitrification were found in this zone.Low F/M bulking was observed in both the control and ORP operation before the installation of a selector. Bacterial Type 0041 was identified as the predominant bulking organism. For the Control, an aerobic selector cured the bulking problem in one sludge age while an anoxic selector fixed up the problem during the ORP operation.  相似文献   

14.
In order to obtain the characteristics of anaerobic fermentation with different parts of corn stalks at low concentrations, air-dried corn stalks stem bark (SB), stem pith (SP), leaves (L), and corn stalks (CS) were, respectively, mixed with cow dung to perform fermentation at the temperature of 35 oC and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of 25. Mixed with cow dung compost, the fermentation broths were adjusted to a neutral pH value. Along with the enhancing of the total solid (TS) content of SB, SP, L, and CS fermentation broths, both of the daily biogas yields and methane contents increased under the same fermentation condition, except for Sample TS 6% of L. The optimal TS content of SB, SP, L, and CS broth is 8%, 5%, 10%, and 8%, separately. In 35 days, the highest methane yield of SB, SP, L, and CS broth was 125.0 mL/(volatile solid) VS g, 115.3 mL/VS g, 109.7 mL/VS g, and 80.0 mL/VS g, respectively, and the potential of methane transformation production of broth ranks as: SB> L> SP> CS. Daily methane producing rate of SB, SP, and L broth are faster than that of CS. It is necessary to separate the corn stalks into different parts to ferment because the optimal fermentation concentrations for the different parts are different. Additionally, the Gompertz equation was also adopted to simulate the anaerobic digestion process of different materials. The Gompertz equation fitting parameters show that the biodegradation (from easy to difficult) was: L < SP < SB < CS.  相似文献   

15.
A sequentially combined carbon (SCC) source using methanol and acetic acid was investigated for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a wastewater treatment process consisting of an anoxic zone, an oxic zone and a final settling tank. The anoxic zone was divided into two separate anoxic zones to feed methanol in the first anoxic zone and acetic acid in the second anoxic zone. Methanol and acetic acid, each as the sole carbon source, were also tested for comparison. The use of SCC was superior in nitrogen removal with all combined COD ratios of methanol/acetic acid tested, yielding 95.8-97% efficiency (less than 1 mg N/l in the final effluent). The highest phosphorus removal of above 92% (final effluent concentration of 0.12 mg P/l) was achieved when only acetic acid was used at a quantity equivalent to 50 mg COD/l. However, when SCC was used, the acetic acid dosage of 50 mg COD/l could be reduced down to 20 mg COD/l when 30 mg COD/l was replaced by methanol; this resulted in a final effluent phosphorus concentration of 0.6 mg P/l. Additional benefits of SCC included the excellent sludge settling properties compared to the use of methanol or acetic acid alone.  相似文献   

16.
A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was inoculated with mixed nitrifying bacteria from an anoxic tank at the conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant in Nongkhaem, Bangkok, Thailand. This enriched nitrifying culture was maintained under anaerobic conditions using ammonium (NH(4)(+)) as an electron donor and nitrite (NO(2)(-)) as an electron acceptor. Autotrophic ammonium oxidizing bacteria survived under these conditions. The enrichment period for anammox culture was over 100 days. Both ammonium and nitrite conversion rates were proportional to the biomass of ammonium oxidizing bacteria; rates were 0.08 g N/gV SS/d and 0.05 g N/g VSS/d for ammonium and nitrite, respectively, in a culture maintained for 3 months at 42 mg N/L ammonium. The nitrogen transformation rate at a ratio of NH(4)(+)-N to NO(2)(-)-N of 1:1.38 was faster, and effluent nitrogen levels were lower, than at ratios of 1:0.671, 1:2.18, and 1:3.05. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to identify specific autotrophic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas spp., Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans, and Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis). The ammonium oxidizing culture maintained at 42 mg N/L ammonium was enriched for Nitrosomonas spp. (30%) over Candidati B. anammoxidans and K. stuttgartiensis (2.1%) while the culture maintained at 210 mg N/L ammonium was dominated by Candidati B. anammoxidans and K. stuttgartiensis (85.6%). The specific nitrogen removal rate of anammox bacteria (0.6 g N/g anammox VSS/d) was significantly higher than that of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (0.4 g N/g Nitrosomonas VSS/d). Anammox bacteria removed up to 979 mg N/L/d of total nitrogen (ammonium:nitrite concentrations, 397:582 mg N/L). These results suggest significant promise of this approach for application to wastewater with high nitrogen but low carbon content, such as that found in Bangkok.  相似文献   

17.
生物法处理含酚废水的研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
为了降低炼油厂污水处理场的酚负荷,对催化裂化汽提塔所排含酚废水的预处理进行了研究。进行了煤渣吸附实验,酚的生物降解动力学实验及酚在兼氧条件下的处理实验;采用4-氨基安替比林光度法测定酚浓度。实验结果表明采用煤渣填料-生物膜反应器,酚的去除率可达90%,酚的生物降解符合一级反应动力学,酚类物质可在兼氧条件下降解  相似文献   

18.
The effect of fish waste (FW), abattoir wastewater (AW) and waste activated sludge (WAS) addition as co-substrates on the fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) anaerobic digestion performance was investigated under mesophilic conditions using four anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR) with the aim of finding the better co-substrate for the enhanced performance of co-digestion. The reactors were operated at an organic loading rate of 2.46–2.51 g volatile solids (VS) l−1 d−1, of which approximately 90% were from FVW, and a hydraulic retention time of 10 days. It was observed that AW and WAS additions with a ratio of 10% VS enhanced biogas yield by 51.5% and 43.8% and total volatile solids removal by 10% and 11.7%, respectively. However FW addition led to improvement of the process stability, as indicated by the low VFAs/Alkalinity ratio of 0.28, and permitted anaerobic digestion of FVW without chemical alkali addition. Despite a considerable decrease in the C/N ratio from 34.2 to 27.6, the addition of FW slightly improved the gas production yield (8.1%) compared to anaerobic digestion of FVW alone. A C/N ratio between 22 and 25 seemed to be better for anaerobic co-digestion of FVW with its co-substrates. The most significant factor for enhanced FVW digestion performance was the improved organic nitrogen content provided by the additional wastes. Consequently, the occurrence of an imbalance between the different groups of anaerobic bacteria which may take place in unstable anaerobic digestion of FVW could be prevented.  相似文献   

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