循环经济视角下山东蓝色经济区生态效率研究——基于DEA方法的实证分析

生态效率是利用生态资源发展循环经济的效率,是科学地评价综合生态文明程度的重要指标。在循环经济视角下,采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法进行实证研究,对山东半岛蓝色经济区各市2004—2013年生态效率进行分析。根据分析得知,青岛、东营、威海、烟台达到DEA有效,潍坊、滨州与日照生态效率相对较低,在对地区效率进行纵向、横向比较分析的基础上找出问题并分析原因,从而提出有效建议与对策。     

中国经济发展的生态效率研究——基于FA-DEA组合模型的面板数据实证分析

结合生态效率的内涵和我国实际区域的发展特点,构建评价生态效率的区域发展指标体系,对我国30个省区2005—2012年经济发展的生态效率运用FA-DEA组合评价模型进行实证研究。基于文献综述和因子分析降维建立经济生态效率的投入—产出指标体系,基于CRR—DEA模型和Malmquist指数对我国经济发展的生态效率进行静态和动态分析。结果表明:1我国经济发展的生态综合效率一直未达到DEA有效状态,这主要是纯技术效率低下导致的;2以2009年前后为节点,多个生态效率指标发生突变,特别是经济生态的规模效率出现下降趋势;3我国经济发展的生态Malmquist生产力指数低下的主要原因是技术进步不足。     

甘肃省农业循环经济发展评价与区域差异分析

综合评价值的计算已成为农业循环经济发展水平定量评价的主要方法，也是目前循环经济研究领域定量研究的热点之一。构建一套系统科学的农业循环经济发展评价指标体系，对区域农业循环经济发展水平进行综合评价，以改善农业环境，杜绝资源浪费，实现农业可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。依据循环经济发展的“4R”原则和可持续发展理论，构建了甘肃省农业循环经济评价指标体系，采用因子分析法和加权函数法对甘肃省及其14个地州市的农业循环经济发展水平进行了综合评价与分析，提出了甘肃省及其各区域的农业循环经济发展建议。     

基于资源价值流转的电解铝企业循环经济综合评价与实证分析

循环经济作为一种经济发展模式的革命，其发展水平的科学定量评价一直是循环经济基础理论问题之一。本文根据资源流转平衡原理，以企业资源的物质流转路线为基础，通过描绘和追踪其生产流程过程的资源投入、消耗、产出及废弃的价值信息，从投入、消耗与循环、输出三环节构建循环经济评价指标体系，采用AHP＆MLR综合评价方法对电解铝企业循环经济的发展状况作了实证研究，从而为其及相关企业资源流转价值的时空转移、循环经济的发展提供一种有效的评价手段。     

AHP模糊综合评价法在循环经济发展评价中的应用

从经济发展、生态环境和社会三个方面建立了循环经济发展水平评价的指标体系,采用层次分析法赋予指标权重,应用模糊数学方法构建评价模型,对循环经济的发展状况进行评价,并对南充市2003-2005年循环经济的发展进行了实证分析.     

基于模糊神经网络的煤炭企业循环经济评价模型

针对煤炭企业循环经济水平具有模糊性的特点,利用模糊神经网络具有模糊化和良好泛化的能力,在探讨煤炭企业发展循环经济影响因素的基础上,从经济发展、资源利用、节能减排、环境状况、循环特征五个方面建立了煤炭企业循环经济评价指标体系,构建基于模糊神经网络的煤炭企业循环经济评价模型,并按照模糊神经网络结构的建立、输入数据的模糊化、输出数据的反模糊化、BP神经网络训练进行模型求解和运算,算例验证了该模型具有较好的学习能力.利用该模型评价煤炭企业循环经济具有有效性和准确性.     

国内外旅游生态效率研究进展与启示:一个文献综述

通过对国内外旅游生态效率相关文献的梳理,从内涵维度、测度方法、时空格局演化、影响因素、提升策略等方面归纳了旅游生态效率研究的主要议题。综合来看,旅游生态效率研究呈现出以下特点:研究对象逐步延伸,研究的本土化特征明显,研究内容转向多元主题,研究方法实证取向鲜明。结合旅游生态效率研究的趋势和热点,提出未来研究应重点关注多要素集成的投入—产出指标体系构建、地理时空大数据的挖掘与应用、驱动机制的系统阐释等研究主题。     

山东省生态环境承载力评价指标体系探讨

将生态环境承载力划分为资源承载力、环境承载力、循环经济水平和经济社会支持能力四部分,结合山东省生态环境现状,根据指标体系建立的原则,选用了57项评价指标,分层次构建了山东省生态环境承载力评价指标体系.其中,资源承载力选用生物资源、水资源等5大类共10项指标;环境承载力选用地表水、近岸海域等5大类共9项指标;循环经济水平选用资源产出水平、资源消耗水平等4大类共18项指标;经济社会支持能力选用人口数量与素质水平、经济发展水平等7大类共20项指标.     

资源环境约束下煤炭产业生态效率测评及其影响因素分析

通过文献回顾和理论分析,构建由资源效率指标和环境效率指标共同构成的煤炭产业生态效率评价体系,运用DEA方法分别测算煤炭产业的生态效率、资源效率和环境效率,通过构建Tobit回归模型,实证分析了我国煤炭产业生态效率的影响因素。结果表明:煤炭产业的资源效率、环境效率和生态效率总体偏低,资源效率是制约煤炭产业生态发展的主要因素;研发投入强度、利用外资水平和所有制结构对煤炭产业生态效率的提高发挥着积极的作用,而外部监督与生态效率呈现负相关,能源消费结构对生态效率的影响不显著。     

构建公民环境科学素质评价指标体系

环境科学素质是公民科学素质的重要组成部分,建立科学系统的环境科学素质评价指标体系有助于在全社会范围内提升环境保护工作水平和提高国民科学素质。本研究调研了国内外关于公民环境素质的定义、指标体系的研究进展,指出了当前体系建设的问题和有待改进的方面。在此基础上,结合中国当前环境保护的实际情况和战略发展的需要,提出环境科学素质指标体系的构建原则、内涵要素和指标体系,探索我国公民环境科学素质评价指标体系和方法。     

Opportunity cost based analysis of corporate eco-efficiency: A methodology and its application to the CO2-efficiency of German companies

In this paper, we propose the return-to-cost-ratio (RCR) as an alternative approach to the analysis of operational eco-efficiency of companies based on the notion of opportunity costs. RCR helps to overcome two fundamental deficits of existing approaches to eco-efficiency. (1) It translates eco-efficiency into managerial terms by applying the well-established notion of opportunity costs to eco-efficiency analysis. (2) RCR allows to identify and quantify the drivers behind changes in corporate eco-efficiency. RCR is applied to the analysis of the CO₂-efficiency of German companies in order to illustrate its usefulness for a detailed analysis of changes in corporate eco-efficiency as well as for the development of effective environmental strategies.     

基于可拓评价的园区循环经济发展水平分析——以白银高新技术产业开发区为例

以影响园区循环经济发展水平因素为视角,运用可拓思想构建了白银高新技术产业开发区循环经济发展水平评价模型.利用该模型对园区过去4年的循环经济发展水平进行纵向评估,并对规划年份（2016年）园区循环经济发展水平进行动态预测.研究结果表明,白银高新技术产业开发区2006-2013年园区循环经济发展水平从“弱”到“中等”再到“较强”状态,呈现逐渐好转的趋势,但均处于“强”状态之下.2016年达到“强”状态,但存在工业固体废物和工业废水排放控制差等短板因素.     

发展旅游循环经济刍论

循环经济是当今世界经济发展的必然趋势，旅游业是发展循环经济的最佳载体。构建旅游循环经济体系、发展旅游循环经济是旅游业可持续发展的重要途径。旅游循环经济是整个循环经济系统的重要组成部分和驱动力，阐述了旅游业发展循环经济的必然性，试图构建旅游循环经济体系来阐述旅游循环经济的实现模式，提出了运行旅游循环经济体系的相关对策。     

江苏省循环经济发展预警系统研究--以江苏省为例

本文利用层次分析．去和灰色关联分析的原理，借鉴循环经济发展评价指标体系，建立预警模型，对循环经济的预警作初步尝试。通过对江苏省循环经济发展预警的实证，得出：该模型能从定量的角度准确地度量出江苏省经济发展模式偏离循环经济运行模式的程度。在此基础上，对未来江苏省循环经济发展状况作出明确的警度界定。本文目的在于尝试构建循环经济发展预警系统的框架，从而为循环经济发展预警的定量研究提供一个新的思路。     

Survey of officials’ awareness on circular economy development in China: Based on municipal and county level

With rapid industrialization in China, both resource scarcity and resources efficiency have challenged the country's sustainable development. Under such circumstance, circular economy should be adopted as a national development strategy. However, due to a lack of understanding current barriers on implementing circular economy, it is necessary to conduct a questionnaire based survey. The data and information used in this paper were collected by distributing questionnaires in 6 cities and interviewing 252 respondents. Our research findings indicated that while most of officials working at municipal and county levels have higher awareness and understanding on circular economy concept and its significance, nearly 16.70% of the interviewed officials had just heard of circular economy indicating that there is still a need for government officials to further improve their circular economy awareness. Government officials can receive their circular economy knowledge through awareness raising activities thus obtaining higher circular economy awareness. The main barriers on circular economy development are weakness of public awareness and lack of financial support, the prior method on pushing circular economy development is to execute compulsory regulations, which is shared by about 61.11% of all respondents; the gap between policy-making and practical action is still a serious problem. Nearly half of the respondents are not willing to pay more money for green products.     

Product quality-based eco-efficiency applied to digital cameras

When calculating eco-efficiency, there are considerable confusion and controversy about what the product value is and how it should be quantified. We have proposed here a quantification method for eco-efficiency that derives the ratio of the multiplication value of the product quality and the life span of a product to its whole environmental impact based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In this study, product quality was used as the product value and quantified by the following three steps: (1) normalization based on a value function, (2) determination of the subjective weighting factors of the attributes, and (3) calculation of product quality of the chosen products. The applicability of the proposed method to an actual product was evaluated using digital cameras. The results show that the eco-efficiency values of products equipped with rechargeable batteries were higher than those products that use alkaline batteries, because of higher quality values and lower environmental impacts. The sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed method was superior to the existing methods, because it enables to identify the quality level of the chosen products by considering all products that have the same functions in the market and because, when adding a new product, the calculated quality values in the proposed method do not have to be changed.     

北京市发展循环经济的行动策略研究

在世界各国积极发展循环经济的大环境下,中国也将其纳入战略性决策。北京作为中国的首都,凭借其得天独厚的地理和资源优势,各方面发展都处于领先地位,循环经济亦是如此。北京市在循环经济发展过程中成果显著,但也难免存在疏漏和不足之处。本文以循环经济理论为基础,通过分析北京市综合发展状况,建立了北京市消费能源总量与北京市人均GDP之间的模型关系,总结其发展循环经济的得与失,并提出切实可行的政策建议。     

Eco-efficiency in contaminated land management in Finland – Barriers and development needs

In Finland the number of potentially contaminated sites totals ca. 20?000. The annual costs of remediation are 60–70 million euros. Excavation combined with disposal or off-site treatment is the most common soil remediation method. To define which factors make contaminated land management (CLM) eco-efficient and to study whether eco-efficiency has been considered in CLM decisions we carried out a literature survey, two stakeholder seminars, thematic interviews and a questionnaire study on economic instruments. Generally speaking, eco-efficiency means gaining environmental benefits with fewer resources. To assess its realization in CLM, it is necessary to have a more specific definition. In our study, we arrived at a list of several qualifications for eco-efficiency. It was also shown that eco-efficiency has hardly been a real issue in the selection of remediation techniques or generally, in the decision-making concerning contaminated sites. The existing policy instruments seem to be insufficient to promote eco-efficiency in CLM. Several concrete barriers to eco-efficiency also came up, urgency and lack of money being the most important. The scarcity of the use of in situ remediation methods and the difficulties involved in recycling slightly contaminated or treated soil were considered to be major problems. Insufficient site studies, inadequate or unsuitable methods for risk assessment and cost evaluation, and deficient and mistimed risk communication can also hinder the realization of eco-efficiency. Hence, there is a need to promote the use of more eco-efficient remediation techniques and to develop CLM policy instruments, guidelines, and participatory processes and methods to assess the eco-efficiency of CLM options.     

发展工业园区废物循环经济的对策研究

阐述了工业园区废物循环经济的概念、特征、发展优势,分析了我国废物资源化现状及其影响,提出了以循环经济理念为指导,推动工业园区废物资源化产业蓬勃发展的措施。