阿尔金山保护区地表水部分重金属背景值调查与分析

根据实地考察,采集了阿尔金山保护区主要地表水体的水质样本。受考察期限和水质样本保存要求与期限限制,只对样本中铜、锌、镉等重金属指标进行了检测,分析了各指标与《地表水环境质量标准》中不同标准限值的关系,及其在地理空间上的分布规律。本次考察分析的结果可作为后期水质考察的背景信息,是进一步开展保护区水环境调查和研究的基础。     

川东华蓥山废弃矿井水化学特征及影响因素分析

对废弃煤矿酸性矿井水(AMD)、地表水、地下水的水化学特征及影响因素进行分析，可为保护华蓥山水环境提供理论支撑。以广安市华蓥山废弃煤矿群为研究对象，基于水化学参数统计，运用水化学、相关性分析和离子比等方法对水样进行了综合分析研究。结果表明：岩溶水化学类型大多为HCO₃-Ca型；非酸性矿井水主要为HCO₃-Ca型为主；酸性矿井水主要主要为SO₄-Ca和SO₄-Na;受酸性矿井水影响的地表水化学类型以SO₄-Ca和SO₄-Na型为主；酸性矿井水的形成演化除了受溶滤、浓缩、混合及阳离子交换作用外，主要受黄铁矿(FeS₂)的氧化还原反应影响。研究该区废弃矿井水化学特征及控制因素，将为酸性矿井水治理方案提供理论基础，从而削减入江污染负荷，从“源头”上保护长江生态环境。     

鄂尔多斯遗鸥自然保护区的生态环境影响研究

为了分析保护区旅游开发对生态环境的影响,对保护区进行了现场调查和水环境、土壤环境的监测,并利用1998年和2004年的TM影像图对比分析了植被变化情况.结果表明,由于各项旅游活动的开展,破坏了保护区的植被,造成水体的污染和土壤理化性质的改变,对遗鸥的生存环境造成较大影响,因此必须采取相应措施尽快恢复保护区的生态环境.     

青海可可西里地区湖泊水系环境水化学

在综合科学考察的基础上,经过大量的水质化学数据的测试,阐明了可可西里地区湖泊的水化学基本特征。包括分析了流域盆地内天然降水、水系及湖泊的水质展布趋向,运用离子域随机图式聚类阐明了湖水物质来源条件,还对典型湖泊的水温、分异、相变等进行了介绍和讨论;采用难溶盐法对本区水体进行水化学分类,阐明了湖泊水化学类型的地域性及其与区域地质环境条件的关系。     

塘沽区农村环境污染现状及生态化建设途径的研究

通过对塘沽区农村主要污染源调查取样分析,总结了塘沽区农村地表水环境现状,对不同农业生产类型污染源水体氮磷浓度进行取样分析,并利用实地取样分析的数据采用等标污染负荷的评价方法对上述污染源进行了排放量估算,对塘沽区农村污染源进行了量化评价。结果表明：2008年塘沽区农村主要污染源氮磷等标污染负荷达到3357.35t,农村主要污染源总氮排放负荷达到3306.85t,污染负荷率为98.5%,总磷排放负荷达到50.49t,污染负荷率为1.5%。     

乌鲁木齐地区水环境现状及达标对策探讨

乌鲁木齐地处干旱缺水地区，加大对有限水资源的保护尤为重要。对乌鲁木齐地表水环境的现状进行了调查分析，并利用水环境质量预测模式对各功能水体进行水环境质量的预测，继而提出了鸟鲁木齐水环境按功能区的划分在2010年达标的方案和措施。     

影响乾安县地下水化学特征的不合理的人类活动探讨

乾安县地表水资源十分贫乏。研究区地下水水化学具有时空分布的特征。空间分布特征可分为水平特征和垂向特征。影响研究区地下水化学特征的不合理的人类活动主要有不合理的农业活动、不合理的打井取水活动和不合理的土地利用活动。     

重庆市澎溪河湿地自然保护区湿地植物资源研究

以重庆市澎溪河湿地自然保护区为研究对象,对保护区内的湿地植物资源进行了全面调查.结果表明,保护区内湿地植物共有34科67属100种,主要的植被类型有4个植被型及宽叶香蒲群落(Typha latifolia )、水蓼群落(Polygonum hydropiper)等17个群系,并分析了植被分布特征和新生消落带的影响.鉴于湿地植物对生物多样性的保护和蕴含的巨大生产力,提出了湿地植物保护和利用的对策.     

河北省地表水重金属污染状况分析

通过对近几年水体中重金属检出率和超标率变化的分析、重金属的环境健康风险评价等对河北省地表水进行研究,研究结果表明:河北省地表水重金属污染虽然总体呈好转趋势,但仍然存在环境健康风险。由此分析了河北省地表水污染原因主要有地表径流少、企业排污等,进一步提出了建立有效的预防机制、加强环境监管能力等对策建议。     

河北省地表水重金属污染状况分析简

通过对近几年水体中重金属检出率和超标率变化的分析、重金属的环境健康风险评价等对河北省地表水进行研究,研究结果表明：河北省地表水重金属污染虽然总体呈好转趋势,但仍然存在环境健康风险。由此分析了河北省地表水污染原因主要有地表径流少、企业排污等,进一步提出了建立有效的预防机制、加强环境监管能力等对策建议。     

西藏盐井盐泉地下热卤水水化学特征分析

地下水化学成分受地质、水文地质、岩性等因素的控制，水化学特征研究对水资源的利用、管理及保护具有重要的指导作用。西藏自治区芒康县盐井乡境内，沿澜沧江近岸边长约1．5km范围内出露有50余处矿化度较高、水温为中高温、无色、味咸的天然盐泉。这种地下热卤水的分布特征、水化学特征和化学组分的形成，受地质构造、地下水径流通道、径流速度等条件的影响，因此通过对其水样水化学特征的研究，进一步阐明盐泉形成的基本规律。     

A multivariate statistical analysis of surface water chemistry data--the Ankobra Basin, Ghana

R-mode hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis (PCA) were simultaneously applied to surface water hydrochemical data from three different locations, Ankwaso, Dominase and Prestea, along the Ankobra Basin, Ghana, to extract principal factors corresponding to the different sources of variation in the hydrochemistry, with the objective of defining the main controls on the hydrochemistry at the basin scale. Using the Kaiser criterion, principal components (PC) were extracted from the data and rotated using varimax normalization, for each location. The varimax rotation ensured that variation in the data was maximized for easy interpretation of the results. The analysis reduced 30, 33 and 33 data points, respectively, for Ankwaso, Dominase and Prestea to four, three and four PC representing the sources of variation in the hydrochemistry at the three different locations. Though the PC analysis proved to be more robust at unveiling the sources of variation in the hydrochemistry than the R-mode hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the combined use of both techniques resulted in more reliable interpretations of the hydrochemistry. On the basis of these analyses, the hydrochemistry of the basin is controlled largely by the weathering of minerals (silicates, carbonates, gypsum and apatite) from the underlying meta-sediments of the Birimian and Tarkwaian Systems, and the decay of organic matter from the heavily forested regions. Concentrations of the major chemical parameters are within naturally acceptable limits and do not pose threats to the local ecology and humans. There is no strong evidence of high anthropogenic impacts on the major anions and cations used for this research, though there are variations at the different locations studied. The hydrochemistry at Ankwaso is principally controlled by the weathering of silicate minerals, whereas those of Dominase and Prestea are, respectively, influenced by precipitation and domestic wastewaters, and the decay of organic matter.     

富营养化发生机理及水华暴发研究进展

概述了目前富营养发生的机理和水华暴发机制的最新研究方向。从营养物质的循环、水体热分层、水化学平衡方面论述和总结了富营养发生机理的研究现状;从氮磷比、其它营养元素限制、沉积物营养物质的循环等方面对水华暴发机制作用的研究进行了展望。本文对富营养化发生机理及水华暴发研究领域现状和未来的研究方向有一定的借鉴作用。     

The Concept of Habitat Diversity Between and Within Ecosystems Applied to River Side-Arm Restoration

Since returning an ecosystem to its pristine state may not be realistic in every situation, the concept of habitat diversity is proposed to help decision-makers in defining realistic restoration objectives. In order to maintain habitat diversity and enhance the long-term success of restoration, process-oriented projects should be preferred to species-oriented ones. Because the hydrogeomorphological processes that influence biodiversity operate at different spatiotemporal scales, three scales are considered: river sectors, floodplain waterbodies, and mesohabitats within each waterbody. Based on a bibliographical review, three major driving forces are proposed for incorporation into the design of restoration projects: (1) flow velocity and flood disturbances, (2) hydrological connectivity, and (3) water supply. On the sector scale, increased habitat diversity between waterbodies can be achieved by combining various intensities of these driving forces. On the waterbody scale, increased habitat diversity within the ecosystem can be achieved by varying water depth, velocity, and substrate. The concept is applied to a Rhône River sector (France) where three terrestrialized side arms will be restored. Two were designed to be flood scoured, one having an additional supply of groundwater, the other being connected to the river at both ends. The third cannot be scoured by floods because of upstream construction and would be supplied by river backflow through a downstream connection. Habitat diversity within the ecosystem is exemplified on one side arm through the design of a sinuous pathway combined with variation of water depth, wetted width, and substrate grain size. Self-colonization of the side arms is expected owing to the restoration of connectivity to upstream sources of potential colonizers.     

油气田含盐水淡化和污水除盐现状及发展

依据资料调研和现场调查，从5个方面介绍了油气田含盐水的状况，包括油气田含盐水类型、特征、淡化及处理技术，国内外含盐水淡化技术研究现状及最新发展，我国油气田含盐水淡化研究的着眼点和宜采用的技术。强调在油气田范围内，开展含盐水淡化处理技术研究，从根本上解决水资源短缺和排水造成的损失已成为油气田开发建设中不可忽视的问题。     

青西油田开发对环境的影响及地下水保护措施

青西油田地处西北戈壁,严重缺水,地表为沙土、砾石覆盖。受干旱少雨气候的影响,植被稀疏而极不发育,盖度仅约为10%。文章针对青西油田石油勘探、开发及建设对环境的影响进行了分析,重点探讨了影响油田地下水环境安全的主要环境风险,并从实行地下水保护区管理、用水收费制度、推行清洁生产工艺等方面,做出了相应的地下水保护措施。     

重庆渝北双龙湖综合治理与工程实践

城市水景水体的修复和保持是水资源保护与可持续利用研究中的热点之一，重庆市双龙湖是典型的城市水景水体，治理前富营养化状况严重。双龙湖治理采取了综合整治的方案，包括污水截流工程、雨水截流及净化工程、湖水复氧循环工程、湖水的生态治理工程和污泥固化工程等。截断外源污染，抑制内源污染，有效的控制了水体的富营养化。经过治理，双龙湖水体水质明显提高，由治理前的劣Ⅴ类水质恢复到Ⅳ类水质，满足景观水要求。双龙湖水环境综合整治为我国，特别是三峡库区众多的城市水体的修复和保持积累经验，为城市水景水体富营养化的防治提供技术和方法上的借鉴。     

WATER QUALITY BENEATH URBAN RUNOFF WATER MANAGEMENT BASINS1

ABSTRACT: The chemical impact of urban runoff water on water quality beneath five retention/recharge basins was investigated as part of the US EPA's Nationwide Urban Runoff Program in Fresno, California. Soil water percolating through alluvium soils and the ground water at the top of the water table were sampled with ceramic/Teflon vacuum water extractors at depths up to 26 m during the two-year investigation. Inorganic and organic pollutants are present in the runoff water delivered to the basins. No significant contamination of percolating soil water or ground water underlying any of the five retention/recharge basins has occurred for constituents monitored in the study. The oldest basins was constructed in 1962. The concentration of selected trace elements in the ground water samples was similar to the levels reported in the regional ground water. None of the pesticides or other organic priority pollutants, for which water samples were analyzed, was s̊ detected except diazinon which was found in trace amounts (0.3 μg/L or less) in only three soil water samples. These results are important to the continued conservation of storm water and the development of a best management practice for storm-water management using retention/recharge basins in a semi-arid climate.     

PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE FOX CHAIN OF LAKES1

ABSTRACT: As part of a comprehensive water quality investigation on the Fox Chain of Lakes during May to October 1975, water samples from the Chain and Cedar Lake (reference) at 25 locations were collected weekly or bi-weekly to determine the species and densities of algae. The results have been evaluated for algal composition, density, and succession for each location. Sixty-four algal species were recovered from 414 samples. The number of species per sampling location varied from 10 at Channel Lake and Lake Marie to 26 on Fox Lake (main) and Grass Lake. Blue green algae were predominant and occurred at 25 of the 25 sampling stations. They consisted mainly of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. The only flagellate of importance was Ceratium hirundinella, and significant concentrations of this organism were limited to Channel Lake and Lake Catherine. The only green alga bloom was created by Ulothrix variabilis on the waters of Pistakee Lake. Diatoms were quite significant on the shallower water bodies. Algal densities ranged from about 25 to 14,000 cts/ml. The highest count occurred on Mineola Bay. Other high counts (>10,000 cts/ml) observed were waters taken from Channel Lake, Grass Lake, and Fox Lake (main). In Grass Lake, 60 percent of the collections had algal densities in excess of 2,000 cts/ml. Most of these were the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana.