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1.
文章从生态旅游的概念出发,在总结海北生态旅游发展的经验基础上,分析了海北生态旅游发展的现状,找出了发展过程中存在的一些突出问题,并提出了发展生态旅游应采取的对策和建议。 相似文献
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伊犁河谷生态旅游形象定位及产品设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生态旅游资源是生态旅游开发的基础,但拥有旅游资源并不等于就拥有旅游产品,旅游资源要成为旅游产品,还必须根据市场需求进行形象设计、加工和再创造。伊犁河谷具有得天独厚的生态环境和世所罕见的生物多样性特征,是开发生态旅游产品、发展生态旅游的理想之地。以伊犁河谷生态旅游源为基础,塑造伊犁河谷生态旅游形象,设计开发特色生态旅游产品。 相似文献
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生态旅游产品开发——以四川省都江堰市为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
生态旅游在世界范围内迅速发展,促使人们更加关注生态旅游产品的开发。与国外相比,我国的生态旅游产品在开发过程中尚存在一些问题。以四川省都江堰市为例,对该市生态旅游资源进行了归类分析。在资源保护的基础上,遵循生态旅游开发原则,设计出生态旅游产品,其中主要有生态观光旅游产品、道教文化生态旅游产品、休闲度假生态旅游产品以及其它专项生态旅游产品。 相似文献
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解决生态旅游资源脆弱性问题的对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生态旅游在开发经营、消费中存在着各种各样的矛盾.过度的生态旅游在一定程度上加剧了环境损耗和地方特色的消失,伴随经济效益增长的是生态环境、自然景观、文化特色和传统习惯等代价的付出.生态旅游业赖以发展的生态旅游资源也是有限的,那种对生态旅游资源采取“杀鸡取卵,涸泽而渔“的做法,片面追求高速度、高效益,造成旅游发展越快,环境污染越严重的状况,并不符合人类社会发展的总目标.因此,尊重和保护生态旅游资源和环境,不断改善环境质量,促进人类和环境和谐共处是生态旅游发展的根本目的,也是解决生态旅游资源脆弱性问题的根本办法.
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黄土高原地区生态旅游开发的优势及前景分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄土高原地区生态环境非常脆弱,该区进行旅游开发必须以生态旅游为指导。该区自然和人文旅游资源丰富而独特,开发生态旅游具有类型多样、功能齐全、有利于组合开发的资源优势;西部大开发、中部崛起战略为其提供了政策优势,同时该区劳动力资源丰富,因此开发生态旅游优势明显。分析了黄土高原地区生态旅游开发的国际、国内及区域市场前景,提出了在该区进行生态旅游开发应注意的问题。 相似文献
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Wyzga B 《Environmental management》2001,28(3):341-358
River engineers use sediment transport formulas to design regulated channels in which the river's ability to transport bedload
would remain in equilibrium with the delivery of materials from upstream. In gravel-bed rivers, a number of factors distort
the simple relationship between particle size and hydraulic parameters at the threshold of sediment motion, inherent in the
formulas. This may lead to significant errors in predicting the bedload transport rates in such streams and hence to instability
of their regulated channels. The failure to recognize a nonstationary river regime may also result in unsuccessful channelization.
Rapid channel incision has followed channelization of the main rivers of the Polish Carpathians in the 20th century. A case
study of the Raba River shows that incision has resulted from the increase in stream power caused by channelization and the
simultaneous reduction in sediment supply due to variations in basin management and a change in flood hydrographs. Calculations
of bedload transport in the river by the Meyer-Peter and Müller formula are shown to have resulted in unrealistic estimates,
perhaps because the different degree of bed armoring in particular cross-sections was neglected. It would have been possible
to avoid improper channelization if the decreasing trend in sediment load of the Carpathian rivers had been recognized on
the basis of geomorphological and sedimentological studies. Allowing the rivers to increase their sinuosity, wherever possible
without an erosional threat to property and infrastructure, and preventing further in-stream gravel mining are postulated
in order to arrest channel incision and reestablish the conditions for water and sediment storage on the floodplains. 相似文献
12.
Little is known about the vulnerability to landslides, despite landslides causing frequent and widespread damage to the population
and the built-up environment in many areas of the world. Lack of information about vulnerability to landslides limits our
ability to determine landslide risk. This paper provides information on the vulnerability of buildings and roads to landslides
in Umbria, central Italy. Information on 103 landslides of the slide and slide-earth flow types that have resulted in damage
to buildings and roads at 90 sites in Umbria is used to establish dependencies between the area of the landslide and the vulnerability
to landslides. The dependencies obtained are applied in the hills surrounding the town of Collazzone, in central Umbria, an
area for which a detailed landslide inventory map is available. By exploiting the landslide inventory and the established
vulnerability curves, the geographical distribution of the vulnerability to landslides is mapped and statistics of the expected
damage are calculated. Reliability and limits of the vulnerability thresholds and of the obtained vulnerability assessment
are discussed. 相似文献
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Glenk K 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):531-541
This paper describes an approach to account for asymmetric preference formation in discrete choice models used for environmental valuation. The paper draws on data from a case study on preferences for environmental change resulting from a hypothetical rural development and conservation programme in Indonesia. Local knowledge on the current state of the environment was used to define an individual-specific status quo that consistently frames changes in a range of environmental services as gains or losses matching the perceptions of the local population living in the vicinity of a National Park. I estimated choice models that included separate parameters for increases and decreases in attribute levels for the environmental services and derived the indicators of local willingness to pay (WTP) corresponding to the bidirectional changes relative to the individual-specific status quo option. I found clear evidence of an asymmetric response to increase and decrease in attribute levels relative to the status quo. Ignoring asymmetric preference formation can therefore result in biased estimates of WTP indicators and welfare measures of change in cases where the outcomes of environmental programmes can plausibly result in both an increase and a decrease relative to a reference option. Compared to a symmetrical modelling approach, the combination of simultaneously accounting for asymmetric preference formation and preference heterogeneity in the choice model yielded additional insights that may be used to inform the development of local strategies towards biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
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Rory Coffey Michael J. Paul Jen Stamp Anna Hamilton Thomas Johnson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(4):844-868
In this paper we review the published, scientific literature addressing the response of nutrients, sediment, pathogens, and cyanobacterial blooms to historical and potential future changes in air temperature and precipitation. The goal is to document how different attributes of water quality are sensitive to these drivers, to characterize future risk, to inform management responses, and to identify research needs to fill gaps in our understanding. Results suggest that anticipated future changes present a risk of water quality and ecosystem degradation in many United States locations. Understanding responses is, however, complicated by inherent high spatial and temporal variability, interactions with land use and water management, and dependence on uncertain changes in hydrology in response to future climate. Effects on pollutant loading in different watershed settings generally correlate with projected changes in precipitation and runoff. In all regions, increased heavy precipitation events are likely to drive more episodic pollutant loading to water bodies. The risk of algal blooms could increase due to an expanded seasonal window of warm water temperatures and the potential for episodic increases in nutrient loading. Increased air and water temperatures are also likely to affect the survival of waterborne pathogens. Responding to these challenges requires understanding of vulnerabilities, and management strategies to reduce risk. 相似文献
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A multiple purpose wetland inventory is being developed and promoted through partnerships and specific analyses at different scales in response to past uncertainties and gaps in inventory coverage. A partnership approach is being promoted through the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands to enable a global inventory database to be compiled from individual projects and analyses using remote sensing and GIS. Individual projects that are currently part of this global effort are described. They include an analysis of the Ramsar sites' database to map the distribution of Ramsar sites across global ecoregions and to identify regions and wetland types that are under-represented in the database. Given the extent of wetland degradation globally, largely due to agricultural activities, specific attention is directed towards the usefulness of Earth Observation in providing information that can be used to more effectively manage wetlands. As an example, a further project using satellite data and GIS to quantify the condition of wetlands along the western coastline of Sri Lanka is described and trends in land use due to changes in agriculture, sedimentation and settlement patterns are outlined. At a regional scale, a project to map and assess, using remote sensing, individual wetlands used for agriculture in eight countries in southern Africa is also described. Land cover and the extent of inundation at each site is being determined from a multi-temporal data set of images as a base for further assessment of land use change. Integrated fully within these analyses is the development of local capacity to plan and undertake such analyses and in particular to relate the outcomes to wetland management and to compile data on the distribution, extent and condition of wetlands globally. 相似文献
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Momcilo Markus James Angel Kurt Woolford Kexuan Wang Shailendra Singh Brian Kerschner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2023,59(3):466-480
Storm frequency estimates and their temporal distributions are important in determining estimates of runoff or peak flow rates in many engineering and hydrological problems. Illinois State Water Survey Bulletin 70 has been serving as the design rainfall standard in Illinois since its publication in 1989. Although Bulletin 70 represented the best available data at the time of its publication, the standards needed to be reevaluated and updated after more than three decades and with the growing evidence of the nonstationary nature of heavy precipitation. The trends in heavy precipitation in Illinois prompted the creation of a new frequency study named Bulletin 75, providing precipitation frequencies for event durations ranging from 5 min to 10 days and for recurrence intervals ranging from 2 months to 500 years. The results are presented for the same 10 geographic sections in Illinois as in Bulletin 70 to maintain the continuity of hydrologic studies and compatibility with regulations. The primary goal of this paper is to outline some of the key methodological issues and challenges, to compare the results with the previous sources, and to highlight the effects of the changing precipitation standards on the development of amendments to existing ordinances. Lake County in Illinois, as one of the most affected urban areas with the highest change in heavy precipitation, was selected to illustrate issues related to the application of modified precipitation standards. 相似文献
17.
The high degree of physical disturbance associated with conventional response options to oil spills in wetlands is driving
the investigation of alternative cleanup methodologies. In March 1995, a spill of gas condensate in a brackish marsh at Rockefeller
Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Louisiana was remediated through the use of in situ burning. An assessment of vegetation recovery
was initiated in three treatment marshes: (1) oil-impacted and burned, (2) oil impacted and unburned, and (3) a nonoiled unburned
reference. We compared percent cover, stem density, and biomass in the treatment marshes to define ecological recovery of
the marsh vegetation and soil hydrocarbon content to determine the efficacy of in situ burning as a cleanup technique. Burning
led to a rapid decrease in soil hydrocarbon concentrations in the impacted-and-burned marsh to background levels by the end
of the first growing season. Although a management fire accidentally burned the oil-impacted-and-unburned and reference marshes
in December 1995, stem density, live biomass, and total percent cover values in the oil-impacted-and-burned marsh were equivalent
to those in the other treatment marshes after three years. In addition, plant community composition within the oil-impacted-and-burned
marsh was similar to the codominant mix of the grasses Distichlis spicata (salt grass) and Spartina patens (wire grass) characteristic of the surrounding marsh after the same time period. Rapid recovery of the oil-impacted-and-unburned
marsh was likely due to lower initial hydrocarbon exposure. Water levels inundating the soil surface of this grass-dominated
marsh and the timing of the in situ burn early in the growing season were important factors contributing to the rapid recovery
of this wetland. The results of this in situ burn evaluation support the conclusion that burning, under the proper conditions,
can be relied upon as an effective cleanup response to hydrocarbon spills in herbaceous wetlands. 相似文献
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Steven L. Serns 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1975,11(6):1221-1232
ABSTRACT: Zooplankton samples and dissolved oxygen-temperature readings and water samples were taken from a treatment and control pond on 41 and 42 separate occasions, respectively, both before and after the application of 5.0 mg/l (a.i.) dipotassium endothall to the 0.31 ha treatment pond on May 31, 1973. Seasonal fluctuations in the density of Cladocera and Copepoda coincided quite closely in both ponds and were similar to the fluctuations reported in the literature to be typical of temperate region ponds and lakes. An apparent seasonal shift in generic composition from .Daphnia spp. in May to Ceriodaphnia spp. in June to Chydorus spp. from July/early September occurred in both ponds and is thought to be at least partially due to fish predation. No apparent changes in species composition or generic densities of Cladocerans was noted in the treatment pond that did not also occur in the control pond. There were no noticeable effects of the dipotassium endothall on either the Calanoida or Cyclopoida suborders of Copepoda. A later pulse of Ostracoda in the treatment pond, when compared to the control, may have been due to the dipotassium endothall or to a combination of the effects of the herbicide on the macrophytes and the method of sampling. A decrease in dissolved oxygen below saturation, occurring in the treated pond from 3–21 days after treatment, was attributed to an increase in biological oxygen demand associated with weed-kill. There was no noticeable increase in plant nutrients (N and P) in the treated pond following herbicide application, nor were there any apparent changes in the other chemical parameters studied. 相似文献
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Michael J. Paul Rory Coffey Jen Stamp Thomas Johnson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(4):824-843
Anticipated future increases in air temperature and regionally variable changes in precipitation will have direct and cascading effects on United States (U.S.) water quality. In this paper, and a companion paper by Coffey et al., we review technical literature addressing the responses of different water quality attributes to historical and potential future changes in air temperature and precipitation. The goal is to document how different attributes of water quality are sensitive to these drivers, to characterize future risk to inform management responses, and to identify research needs to fill gaps in our understanding. Here we focus on potential changes in streamflow, water temperature, and salt water intrusion (SWI). Projected changes in the volume and timing of streamflow vary regionally, with general increases in northern and eastern regions of the U.S., and decreases in the southern Plains, interior Southwest, and parts of the Southeast. Water temperatures have increased throughout the U.S. and are expected to continue to increase in the future, with the greatest changes in locations where high summer air temperatures occur together with low streamflow volumes. In coastal areas, especially the mid‐Atlantic and Gulf coasts, SWI to rivers and aquifers could be exacerbated by sea level rise, storm surges, and altered freshwater runoff. Management responses for reducing risks to water quality should consider strategies and practices robust to a range of potential future conditions. 相似文献
20.
Local Peoples' Knowledge,Aptitude and Perceptions of Planning and Management Issues in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve,India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Local peoples' knowledge, aptitude, and perceptions of planning and management issues were investigated in Nanda Devi Biosphere
Reserve (NDBR) in Uttaranchal State of India. Conflicts ensued between local inhabitants and the management authority due
to lack of community participation. Although most respondents seem to claim the knowledge of the objectives of Nanda Devi
Biosphere Reserve, the source of information indicates their interaction with the management authority is not frequent. While
local population seem to agree on reduced intensity of agriculture with compensation equal to loss of net income, there is
a perceptible difference in responses among different age groups. While the younger generation seems to agree to move away
to other areas with suitable compensation packages, the older generation prefer those options that require some adjustments
in use and access to natural resources. The option of ecotourism as a source of income is acceptable to most respondents,
but young and old respondents disagreed about impact of such activity on social behavior of local inhabitants. Among those
groups studied, only the “self-employed group” seem to be more interested in ecotourism in comparison to other occupation
classes. Gender differences in perceptions are prominent with reference to development options. While the men preferred economic
opportunities, the women preferred improved living conditions. An evaluation mechanism similar to the one described in this
paper will be helpful to the management authority to assess and modify their management plans to mitigate conflicts with local
people. 相似文献