微评

<正>深夜捉虫每年立秋过后,河南延津县数万村民捉虫忙。8月16日凌晨5点,僧固乡德士村蟋蟀交易市场开始热闹起来。捉了一晚上蟋蟀的村民们,骑着摩托车、电动车,头戴矿灯,三两一群提着特制的篮子,兴致勃勃地到各摊位前,向收蟋蟀的老板们展示他们一晚的战利品。蟋蟀没有明码标价,每只少则10元,多则百元千元甚至万元。只要卖到千元的,村民们都会放鞭炮庆贺。蟋蟀俨然成了当地的"致富虫"。     

人类、昆虫和杀虫剂

人类和昆虫是一对欢喜冤家。昆虫对人类既有益．又有害。有些昆虫以虫为食，人类就利用它们防治有害的昆虫，例如用七星瓢虫防治蚜虫，用金小蜂防治棉铃虫；有些昆虫善鸣叫，人们就豢养它们作宠物，聆听它们悦耳动听的鸣叫声．如金蛉子、蟋蟀、叫蝈蝈、纺织娘等等；有些昆...     

人工草坪 曲高和寡

一块城市草坪,要是放在过去,准有许多的蚯蚓、蟋蟀、蝼蛄、屎克郎、地鳖虫等等……土地的上面,生活着许多的蚱猛,蝗虫、纺织娘、沙螽和蟾蜍……空中,有蜻蜓、蝉、金龟子、蝴蝶以及一些蓝色的、黑色的、棕色的小鸟……当然,地面上更包括许许多多野生植物和数不清的微生物……如今可好,这么多小生命的生存空间,竟被一种或几种“高贵”的小草占据了!举个例子:我们这里一种非常珍贵的小灰蝶(同世界最小的巴西小蝴蝶相当)的生存,就离不开几种特殊的野革,并且,它们的幼虫必须钻进草芯里才能成活。可建人工草坪后,那些野草已经绝迹     

常识学科中渗透环境教育的方法

欣赏美丽的大自然 　　大自然是美丽的,有蓝蓝的天空,无边的海洋,千姿百态的虫鱼鸟兽,万紫千红的花草树木。大自然的一切对孩子们有着无穷的吸引力。 　　在《我们的学校》一课,老师带领孩子来到学校各个花坛,看看青青的绿叶,鲜艳的花朵,抚摸柔软的草被。《植树节》一课,让孩子来到田野里,欣赏早春景色,感受春的气息。在《瓢虫与蜻蜓》、《软体动物》、《昆虫》等课中,让孩子们到草丛中捉蝗虫、瓢虫;在乱石堆里挖蚯蚓、蟋蟀;空旷处用网罩蜻蜓。在高年级的分区地理课中,通过多媒体,让学生领略北京故宫、颐和园、北海的豪华壮…     

给我一片天空

给我一片天空 一片幼年的乳白色天空 游逛的白云像成群的娜羊 倒映在辽阔的池塘和草原上 衣晚总有月亮温柔的窥探 还有星星眨眼讲着芍远的故事 我爱这一片天空 让我看见蜻蜓和松鼠的腾跃 让我听到蟋蟀和清蛙的歌唱 别给我太多的娇宠和搀扶 我要试着从跌倒中学会走路 给我一片天空 一片童年的蔚蓝色天空 永远有长尾巴的风筝在飘扬 听到热带鱼唉喋和林鸟的叫啾 嗅到泥土和花草的馨香 别老叫我把心拴在斗室里 别让屯子游戏机昏眩我的视力 我的天空有一道畅快的滑梯 呼啸着滑向友伴的玩闹和嬉戏 给我一片天空 一片青年的金黄色天空 泳远有蒸发不…     

资源条件对城市可持续发展的影响--以重庆市为例

根据城市发展对资源的依赖程度,把资源分为必需型资源和特色型资源两种类型,分别讨论了这两类资源对城市可持续发展的影响,然后在评价城市资源优劣势的基础上,提出了重庆市基于资源条件的持续发展对策.     

河北省资源文明城市社区建设对策研究

本文针对河北省资源文明城市、社区建设的经济社会背景以及省辖主要城市的社会经济和资源状况,研究了资源文明城市、资源文明社区的建设和限制因素,概述了能源和矿产资源型、港址资源型、人文旅游资源型城市以及白洋淀水乡社区和西柏坡革命纪念地社区的总体规划方案,提出了资源文明城市和资源文明社区建设的基本对策。     

资源型城市资源开发补偿法律制度研究——以四川省达州地区天然气开发为例

随着资源型城市的资源不断耗竭,我国"矿竭城衰"现象越来越严重,许多资源型城市都面临着可持续发展的困境。因此,应以科学发展观为出发点,从改革资源税费制度和理顺资源利益分配关系两方面来完善我国资源开发补偿法律制度,以促进我国资源型城市的可持续发展,最终实现国家的可持续发展。     

基于旅游价值的陵墓资源开发研究——以扬州为例

陵墓资源是一个地区人文资源的重要组成部分,具备一定的旅游开发价值。对陵墓资源进行旅游功能开发,首先要分析陵墓资源自身价值对旅游开发的意义。在阐述这一问题的基础上,对扬州地区陵墓资源的旅游价值进行了系统分析和评价,指出陵墓资源开发对发展旅游业的启示,最后提出陵墓资源旅游价值开发的思路和措施。     

海南西部资源环境一体化研究

传统发展模式引发的资源环境问题迫使人类思考去寻求新的可持续的发展模式,资源环境一体化就是适应此背景的新兴发展理念。以海南西部沙地环境资源化与山区资源环境化的发展实践,实证分析了资源环境一体化的发展模式与发展机制。按资源与环境是可相互转化的这一资源环境一体化理论基础,海南西部干旱与多沙的环境可将其作为旅游资源进行开发,而针对山区资源过度利用的现状,则通过实施设立自然保护区、退耕还林、封山育林等措施实行保护性开发,实现山区资源环境化。重视环境与可持续发展思想、资源与环境的同源性与资源时效性、科学发展与技术进步、环境政策的完善与严格、政府与企业推进是促进资源环境一体化的主要推动机制。     

Variability of soil-water quality due to Tsunami-2004 in the coastal belt of Nagapattinam district, Tamilnadu

In this study, the Tsunami-caused deterioration of soil and groundwater quality in the agricultural fields of coastal Nagapattinam district of Tamilnadu state in India is presented by analyzing their salinity and sodicity parameters. To accomplish this, three sets of soil samples up to a depth of 30cm from the land surface were collected for the first six months of the year 2005 from 28 locations and the ground water samples were monitored from seven existing dug wells and hand pumps covering the study region at intervals of 3 months. The EC and pH values of both the soil and ground water samples were estimated and the spatial and temporal variability mappings of these parameters were performed using the geostatistical analysis module of ArcGIS((R)). It was observed that the spherical semivariogram fitted well with the data set of both EC and pH and the generated kriged maps explained the spatial and temporal variability under different ranges of EC and pH values. Further, the recorded EC and pH data of soil and ground water during pre-Tsunami periods were compared with the collected data and generated variability soil maps of EC and pH of the post-Tsunami period. It was revealed from this analysis that the soil quality six months after the Tsunami was nearing the pre-Tsunami scenario (EC< 1.5dSm(-1); pH<8), whereas the quality of ground water remained highly saline and unfit for irrigation and drinking. These observations were compared with the ground scenarios of the study region and possible causes for such changes and the remedial measures for taking up regular agricultural practices are also discussed.     

Tracking changes in the global impacts of metal concentrate acquisition for the metals industry in Finland

This article considers the environmental impacts and the governance framework of the domestic and international supply of iron, zinc, copper and nickel concentrates smelted and refined in Finland. The metals industry in the country is heavily dependent on imported concentrates, and the research is thus focused on defining the level of impacts related to mining and mineral processing abroad, and the change in the impacts between 2000 and 2010. The estimations of environmental impacts are based on waste minerals and CO_2eq emissions, and the quality of governance in the set of indicators measuring different aspects of governance. The total amount of waste minerals and CO_2eq emissions related to metal concentrates decreased over the ten-year period. At the same time, the quality of governance improved in all concentrate groups except nickel. Ore grade, mine type and transportation distance appear to be the most influential factors on environmental impacts. The results suggest that the country of origin can have a noticeable effect on the environmental impacts and the quality of governance of the mining and processing of metal concentrates.     

全面系统完善我国生态文明党内法规体系

生态文明党内法规是中国特色社会主义法治体系的重要组成部分。党的十八大以来,随着生态文明写入党章,生态文明专门党内法规及相关党内法规对生态文明的规定得到丰富和发展。但由于建设时间短,加上我国正处于经济社会发展的转型期,生态文明党内法规体系建设存在相关党内法规制定的规范性和权限的明确性不够、法规的系统性和体系的层次性不够、条文的清晰性和规范的可操作性不够、适用的涵盖性和内外的衔接性不够等问题。为此本文建议：①统筹规划,开展生态文明党内法规的系统性和规范性建设;②重点建设,分级分领域制修订生态文明建设和改革的专门党内法规;③全面融入,将生态文明的建设和改革要求分解到各级各类党内法规中;④厘清关系,加强与国家生态环保法律法规的衔接和协调。     

我国噪声与振动控制行业2012年发展综述

综述了2012年我国噪声与振动控制行业的发展环境以及行业的生产经营情况;阐述了行业总体技术进展、新技术的开发应用概况,以及行业市场特点及重要动态;分析了行业主要骨干企业的发展情况及企业的国内国际竞争力状况;针对行业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了解决对策和建议,并对行业的发展进行了展望。     

Review of studies on environmental impacts of recreation and tourism in Australia

The paper provides a review of available information on the impact of recreation and tourism on environments, particularly on vegetation and soil, in Australia, with an emphasis on forests. Efforts have been made to compare the current research and development situation in Australia with some overseas countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. While many documents reveal that Australia has been experiencing an increasingly high level of recreation and tourism use in its environments, only limited studies of environmental impacts of recreation and tourism have been published. Compared with other developed countries, particularly the United Kingdom and the United States, Australia lags behind in undertaking research in this area. The results of these limited studies and some observations indicate that the most common recreational and tourist activities (such as bush walking, camping, horse-riding) can, if not well managed, adversely affect the values of Australian natural and semi-natural resources. Overall, they can affect the vegetation and other recreational sites physically and biologically. Physical effects include track formation, soil loss and/or compaction and an increase in fire frequency. Littering and water pollution are also seen as impacts associated with bush walking and camping. Biological effects include causing damage to vegetation, increasing risk of myrtle wilt disease and the spread of the soil pathogen,Phytophthora cinnamomi, as well as assisting weed dispersal. Based on the information reviewed, the authors suggest the following areas as priorities for future research into the environmental impact of recreation and tourism in Australia: determine the type of natural features that attract recreation use; determine the quantitative relationship between the impact and the level of recreation and tourism use for different activities within major vegetation habitats; ascertain site carrying capacity or environment thresholds for major vegetation habitats and recreation activities; and determine the impacts of recreation and tourism for major regions and major vegetation habitats where there have been considerable nature-based recreation and tourism activities.1998 Academic Press     

新疆区域创新系统演化发展历程与动力研究

为科学把握新疆维吾尔自治区区域创新系统的演进脉络和规律,将新疆区域创新系统40余年的发展历程划分为萌芽、过渡、构建与完善4个阶段,从环境要素、创新主体、企业创新、结网程度4个方面对各阶段进行盘点总结,分析推动区域创新系统发展的动力因素,总结出新疆区域创新系统发展的1个核心与4条历史主线,并得出两点基本经验:一是政府核心科技政策的实时引导与政策创新始终是系统发展的重要牵引力;二是系统的开放与市场化的深入始终为新疆区域创新系统发展的源动力。     

Effectiveness of a publicly-funded demonstration program to promote management of dryland salinity

Community and catchment-based approaches to salinity management continue to attract interest in Australia. In one such approach, Catchment Demonstration Initiative (CDI) projects were established by the Western Australian (WA) Government in 2000 for targeted investment in large-scale catchment-based demonstrations of integrated salinity management practices. The aim was to promote a process for technically-informed salinity management by landholders. This paper offers an evaluation of the effectiveness of one CDI project in the central wheatbelt of WA, covering issues including: its role in fostering adoption of salinity management options, the role of research and the technical requirements for design and implementation of on-ground works, the role of monitoring and evaluation, the identification and measurement of public and private benefits, comparison and identification of the place and value of plant-based and engineering-based options, reliance on social processes and impacts of constraints on capacity, management of governance and administration requirements and an appreciation of the value of group-based approaches.A number of factors may reduce the effectiveness of CDI-type approaches in facilitating landholder action to address salinity, many of these are socially-based. Such approaches can create considerable demands on landholders, can be expensive (because of the planning and accountability required) on the basis of dollars per hectare impacted, and can be difficult to garner ownership from all involved. An additional problem could be that few community groups would have the capacity to run such programs and disseminate the new knowledge so that the CDI-type projects can impact outside the focus catchment. In common with many publicly-funded approaches to salinity, we found that direct benefits on public assets are smaller than planned and that results from science-based requirements of monitoring and evaluation have long lead times, causing farmers to either wait for the information or act sooner and take risks based on initial results. We also found that often it is a clear outline of the process that is of most importance in decision making as opposed to the actual results. We identified limitations in regulatory processes and the capacity for local government to engage in the CDI.The opportunities that CDI-type approaches provide centre around the value of its group-based approach. We conclude that they can overcome knowledge constraints in managing salinity by fostering group-based learning, offer a structured process of trialling options so that the costs and benefits can be clearly and transparently quantified, and avoid the costly mistakes and “learning failures” of the past.     

Sustainability of the dimension stone industry in Zimbabwe—challenges and opportunities

The rapid expansion of the dimension stone and black granite industry in Zimbabwe in the 1990s, a result of increasing domestic and international demand for black granite, has ushered in new challenges and opportunities for producers and beneficiaries alike. This article investigates the social, environmental and economic challenges emanating from the export boom, the economic opportunities presented by the expanding market and the potential role the robust industry could play in regional economic development and poverty alleviation. The article evaluates the long-term sustainability of the dimension stone industry and recommends the reinvestment of revenues into diversification of the regional economic base, upgrading of local infrastructure, further processing of rough stone before export and encouragement of micro-businesses to enhance sustainability. The author argues for modification of economic incentives to incorporate environmental and social objectives in order to enhance sustainability. The need for a holistic approach to policies affecting the exploitation, processing and marketing of granite resources and their products is recognized. More research on the operations of the industry is called for.     

自然资源估价及其在国民经济发展中的作用

自然资源无价、资源产品低价导致资源需求过度膨胀,资源浪费严重,环境污染加剧.自然资源产权市场化、多元化是解决这一问题的关键,也是我国经济发展的必然趋势.自然资源估价是资源市场化、多元化的价值依据.自然资源估价不同于资源产品定价,既要考虑资源的价值又要考虑资源的稀缺性、丰饶度、地理位置等因素.自然资源估价关系到资源的合理开发利用和环境保护问题,对我国的社会主义现代化进程和人民生活水平的提高将构成重大影响.