环境监测数据审核经验谈

环境监测必须为环境管理服务，环境管理要依靠环境监测。环境监测的数据质量则直接影响着为环境管理服务的水平和效能，报出一个错误的数据比没有数据影响还坏，数据质量是环境监测的“生命”。为了保证环境监测数据的“五性”，即精密性、准确性、代表性、可比性和完整性，在环境监测质量保证体系中确立了监测数据“三级”审核制度，这无疑是十分必要和重要的。本文就如何把握好数据审核这一关，结合笔者多年从事环境监测技术管理工作，在监测数据审核方面的经验与教训浅谈一点意见，供同行借鉴。且在监测数据审核中，除了对单个项目实验原…     

试论环境监测数据审核机制的建立及运作

环境监测数据审核是环境监测质量管理的重要一环.在对环境监测数据审核重要性的认识及其内容、依据分析解释的基础上建立了环境监测数据审核运行机制.并提出了几点措施,确保环境监测数据在获取过程中得到有效监控,把监测数据差错率清除在监测过程的各个环节.     

试论环境监测数据审核

环境监测数据的审核，是质量保证工作的重要环节。文章联系工作实际，指出应从数据的原始性、检测的规范性、检测的时效性、数据的合格性和信息的完整性等方面对数据进行审核。在数据审核中应考虑数据的客观规律和污染指标的关联性。     

环境监测数据的证据效力问题初探

本文根据湛江市环境监测与污染纠纷案件处理的实际情况，阐述了环境监测数据在环境污染纠纷处理中的重要作用，分析了环境监测数据证据的特点及其具有证据效力的基本条件，讨论了环境监测数据的证据效力的影响因素，指出了提高环境监测数据证据效力的基本途径，并就建立环境监测资质评估机制、完善环境质量标准体系等问题提出建议。     

浅议环境监测数据的审核

环境监测数据的审核工作是整个质量保证体系中最后有效的质量控制手段。针对我国环境监测数据审核现状与存在的问题,将"五性"质量指标贯穿于整个环境监测工作当中,是提升监测数据的审核力度,保证监测数据正确、可靠的有力措施之一。     

环境监测数据综合分析与评价技术研究

文章介绍了环境监测数据的质量要求及特征。从数据的代表性、完整性和合理性三个方面论述环境监测数据的审核,重点探讨了环境监测数据综合分析与评价方法,包括综合分析与评价思路,常规环境质量评价方法、统计方法和统计软件在环境监测数据分析中的应用,并对环境监测数据综合分析与评价技术发展方向进行了展望。     

浅谈环境监测数据的审核

阐述了环境监测数据审核程序与内容,对监测数据的审核方法进行了综述。     

浅论环境监测数据的综合分析方法

准确、可靠、可比的环境监测数据是环境科学研究工作的基础，是环境管理的依据。在第一时间判断出监测分析数据是否合理的基础上，再对监测分析的数据作进一步的分析评价，是整个数据综合分析的基础，为进一步综合分析数据提供了依据。本文通过分析几种常用的监测数据的分析方法，说明对监测数据进行综合分析是至关重要的。     

计算机图形技术在环境监测中的应用

讨论了计算机图形技术在环境监测实验室分析、监测数据趋势分析和环境数据统计等方面的应用,结合Internet技术的发展,对环境信息发布和地理信息系统(GIS)的结合应用进行了讨论,提出了Internet下环境信息应用的新思路:建立数据审核系统、数据查询分析系统、用户管理管理系统、地图出版系统,以提高环境监测分析应用水平.     

大数据环境下政府环境数据开放研究

在大数据环境下政府数据开放已经成为趋势。环境数据是政府数据的重要组成部分。本文探讨了环境数据开放的背景及意义,对国外环境数据开放的特点进行了总结,并重点提出了我国环境数据开放的对策。     

World data centre for greenhouse gases

News And Comments

World data centre for greenhouse gases     

Maintaining quality focus with critical data

Total Quality Management measurement tools are often the very tools necessary to ensure compliance with the rapidly growing regulatory demand for data. At the same time, interest in the environment by average citizens, environmental groups, and regulatory agencies has put increasing pressure on environmental managers for “zero defects.” Violations and exceedances are actively pursued and are, at a minimum, made public to produce incentive for companies to comply. Even companies in compliance face pressure to further improve their performance. No business can afford the lost legal, operational, and public relations costs of noncompliance. There is no room for error. This article discusses the basic tools used at IBM Rochester to better manage and control some key environmental operations and shows how these basic control steps work in an actual wastewater treatment process at the facility.     

Acid rain in scandinavia-some current data

Summary This article presents data on acid precipitation in various sites in Norway and Sweden during the period of the latter part of July, until mid August 1986. Areas appearing particularly vulnerable are highlighted and some implications are discussed. Data from two widely separated glaciers are also presented.Dr. Brian Pyatt is the Section Leader and Principal Lecturer in Ecology in the Department of Life Sciences at Trent Polytechnic, Nottingham. His primary research interests lie in the areas of environmental pollution and the ecology of near-Arctic areas.     

Integration of long-term fish kill data with ambient water quality monitoring data and application to water quality management

Almost half (354) of all fish kills (805) in South Carolina, USA, between 1978 and 1988 occurred in the coastal zone. These kills were analyzed for causative, spatial, and temporal associations as a distinct data set and as one integrated with ambient water quality monitoring data. Estuarine kills as a result of natural causes accounted for 42.8% followed by man-induced (35.1%) and undetermined causes (22.1%). Although general pesticide usage was responsible for 53.9% of man-induced kills, weed control activities around resorts and municipal areas accounted for slightly more kills (20.9%) than did agricultural (19.8%) or vector control (13.2%) uses. A dramatic decline in agricultural-related kills has been observed since 1986 as the integrated pest management approach was adopted by many farmers. When taken with the few kills (12.0%) resulting from wastewaters, this suggests that these two land-use activities have been successfully managed via existing programs (IPM and NPDES, respectively) to minimize their contributions to estuarine fish kills. Ambient trend monitoring data demonstrated no coastal-wide dispersion of pesticide pollution. These data confirmed the nature of fish kills to be site-specific, near-field events most closely associated with the contiguous land-use practices and intensities. Typically, fish kill data are considered as event-specific data limited to the bounds of that event only. Our analysis has shown, however, that a long-term data set, when integrated with ambient water quality data, can assist in regulatory and resource management decisions for both short- and long-term planning and protection applications.     

Development of an integrated environmental data base

The ability to access information for use in decision making is a well-recognized need within the context of management sciences. A similar need exists in order to make effective technical decisions pertaining to environmental resource management. Data bases are the principle vehicle by which scientists, engineers, and resource managers store and access environmental information. An integrated data-base mechanism is essential in order for federal agencies to manage programs such as enforcement of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), state of the environment (SOE) reporting, and the environmental assessment and review process (EARP). A data-base structure and data dissemination mechanism under current development within Environment Canada, Conservation and Protection, Atlantic Region, is presented along with some of its operational benefits and constraints.     

Analysis and application of forest fuels data

Recent advances in fire modeling permit quantitative estimations of fire behavior from quantitative inputs that describe the fuel array and conditions, such as weather and site data, under which it will burn. This paper describes the collection, analysis, and stratification of flammable forest fuels data for coniferous forest ecosystems in Montana and then illustrates the resource management application of these data in three areas: the development of the fire behavior model, a determination of the model's sensitivity to input errors as reflected by fire behavior prediction errors, and the development of a fire hazard simulator (TAROT). A new integrated stand simulator, GANDALF, is highlighted.Conclusions center on the need to integrate fire management into the land management planning decision-making process.This work was supported by a USDI National Park Service contract to Gradient Modeling, Inc., a nonprofit research foundation devoted to ecologic research and resource management applications, and by cooperative aid agreements between Gradient Modeling, Inc. and the USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Northern Forest Fire Laboratory (Fire in Multiple Use Management, R, D, and A Program).     

环境监测数据处理与分析

环境监测是保护环境的重要手段。随着科技发展,监测数据的处理与分析也有了很大的进步,为人类的生活提供了有力的保障。本文从数据获取出发,从多个角度对环境监测数据处理进行分析和研究,同时探讨新型方法在监测数据领域的应用。