共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
Effects of habitat and landscape fragmentation on humans and biodiversity in densely populated landscapes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Manuela Di Giulio Rolf Holderegger Silvia Tobias 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(10):2959-2968
Landscape fragmentation has often been seen as an only ecological problem. However, fragmentation also has a societal perspective, namely, in how humans perceive landscape fragmentation and in how landscape fragmentation potentially influences human well-being. These latter aspects have rarely been addressed so far. The inter-relationship of ecological and human dimensions of landscape fragmentation becomes especially evident when looking at the landscape where most people in industrial countries live, namely in suburban and urban areas. In these areas, landscape planners and environmental managers are confronted with the problem that landscapes should fullfil various functions, often with conflicting goals, e.g. nature reserves to enhance species richness vs. recreational areas for city-dwellers. We reviewed the ecological and sociological literature relevant for fragmentation in suburban and urban landscapes. In an interdisciplinary approach, we evaluated whether there are similarities and dissimilarities between the ecological and the human aspects of landscape fragmentation. We found important similarities. An example is that for both, humans and biodiversity, the loss of semi-natural areas has more drastic effects than the fragmentation of these areas per se. However, there are also relevant differences. We concluded that in densely populated landscapes a shift from responsive planning to an intentional design of environments is therefore needed. 相似文献
2.
Mattia Trabucchi Patrick J. O’Farrell Eduardo Notivol Francisco A. Comín 《Environmental management》2014,53(6):1132-1145
Semi-arid Mediterranean regions are highly susceptible to desertification processes which can reduce the benefits that people obtain from healthy ecosystems and thus threaten human wellbeing. The European Union Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 recognizes the need to incorporate ecosystem services into land-use management, conservation, and restoration actions. The inclusion of ecosystem services into restoration actions and plans is an emerging area of research, and there are few documented approaches and guidelines on how to undertake such an exercise. This paper responds to this need, and we demonstrate an approach for identifying both key ecosystem services provisioning areas and the spatial relationship between ecological processes and services. A degraded semi-arid Mediterranean river basin in north east Spain was used as a case study area. We show that the quantification and mapping of services are the first step required for both optimizing and targeting of specific local areas for restoration. Additionally, we provide guidelines for restoration planning at a watershed scale; establishing priorities for improving the delivery of ecosystem services at this scale; and prioritizing the sub-watersheds for restoration based on their potential for delivering a combination of key ecosystem services for the entire basin. 相似文献
3.
4.
Denyse Lajeunesse Gérald Domon Pierre Drapeau Alain Cogliastro André Bouchard 《Environmental management》1995,19(4):481-495
Preservation of small natural areas is not in itself a sufficient measure to maintain the integrity of the ecosystems for
which they were initially set aside. Intense pressure from recreational use is just one of the many human-caused stresses
that may degrade natural areas. Therefore, land-use planning and management from an ecological perspective is necessary to
assess, ensure, and in some cases increase, the ecological integrity of protected natural areas. An ecosystem management approach
for small protected natural areas with high recreational use is presented, based on three interrelated components: an ecological
evaluation procedure of ecosystems, the implementation of management interventions on ecosystems, and the development of a
monitoring scheme of ecosystem components. The ecological evaluation procedure combines two concepts: the biotic value of
vegetation and wildlife and the abiotic fragility of the soils. This combined evaluation process results in the creation of
a sensitivity map that can be used as a management tool for planners and managers. Management interventions, the second component
of the management approach, are derived from concepts of ecological succession. Intentional human interventions are used to
maintain the ecological integrity of ecosystems or in some cases to restore degraded sites. For the third component, only
the basic principles of the monitoring program will be discussed. A pilot project in one of the Montreal urban community protected
areas is presented to illustrate aspects of the proposed ecosystem management approach. 相似文献
5.
Alan R. Johnson 《Environmental management》1988,12(4):515-523
The state of an ecosystem may be represented by a multidemensional state vector,x. The goal of ecosystem management is to insure that the ecosystem remains within some setX of acceptable states, such thatx X. Since ecosystem management decisions must be based on limited knowledge, a small number of diagnostic variables must be found which accurately reflect ecosystem state. If the vector of diagnostic variables, , is found to be within a specified set , the state vectorx is predicted to be withinX. The selection and use of such diagnostic variables is examined in the context of an aquatic ecosystem simulation model. Techniques used in searching for diagnostic criteria include multiple linear regression, discriminant analysis, and visual inspection of graphical data displays. The adequacy of a diagnostic criterion as a predictor of ecological risk is demonstrated to be a function of the associated rates of type I and type II statistical errors. A simple cost-benefit analysis is undertaken to illustrate one approach for choosing an optimal balance between these error rates. 相似文献
6.
Marine protected areas are not established in an institutional and governance vacuum and managers should pay attention to the wider social–ecological system in which they are immersed. This article examines Islas Choros-Damas Marine Reserve, a small marine protected area located in a highly productive and biologically diverse coastal marine ecosystem in northern Chile, and the interactions between human, institutional, and ecological dimensions beyond those existing within its boundaries. Through documents analysis, surveys, and interviews, we described marine reserve implementation (governing system) and the social and natural ecosystem-to-be-governed. We analyzed the interactions and the connections between the marine reserve and other spatially explicit conservation and/or management measures existing in the area and influencing management outcomes and governance. A top-down approach with poor stakeholder involvement characterized the implementation process. The marine reserve is highly connected with other spatially explicit measures and with a wider social–ecological system through various ecological processes and socio-economic interactions. Current institutional interactions with positive effects on the management and governance are scarce, although several potential interactions may be developed. For the study area, any management action must recognize interferences from outside conditions and consider some of them (e.g., ecotourism management) as cross-cutting actions for the entire social–ecological system. We consider that institutional interactions and the development of social networks are opportunities to any collective effort aiming to improve governance of Islas Choros-Damas marine reserve. Communication of connections and interactions between marine protected areas and the wider social–ecological system (as described in this study) is proposed as a strategy to improve stakeholder participation in Chilean marine protected areas. 相似文献
7.
生态优先、绿色发展是长江经济带国家战略的核心要求,城市生态协同发展是落实"共抓大保护、不搞大开发"的关键。城市生态协同发展主要体现为特定地方对全流域生态环境质量的贡献度,体现了特定地方对流域性生态公共物品和服务的供给能力。长江经济带110个地级以上城市生态环境协同发展能力差异悬殊。协同发展水平较高的城市主要集中在经济发展水平较高、能耗和污染排放较少的城市以及经济发展水平不高、工业污染较少的城市。而生态协同发展能力较差的城市多集中在那些能耗和污染严重的地区。这些城市形成了三大一级城市群和八大二级城市子群的空间分异格局。该格局表明,区域经济发展水平与生态协同发展能力之间在现阶段并非存在着严格的对应关系。长江经济带生态协同发展需要切实体现一体化治理(流域性)、中央集中性治理(国家战略性)和经济、社会、生态、环境统筹性治理(复合地域生态系统)三大内在需求。从长江流域整个生态系统恢复与地方生态环境保护的分工协作入手,处理好中央与地方政府在流域生态环境治理中的责权利关系,实现上下游之间、中央与地方政府之间在生态环境治理实践中的战略协同。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
董瑶 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2014,(3):27-28,81
秦皇岛市开发区受开发活动的影响,植被面积和生物多样性减少,生态系统服务功能价值下降,水土流失增加。基于秦皇岛开发区生态保护现状,从敏感生态系统建设、城区绿化、城市综合生态功能廊道、生态补偿、水土保持等方面,加强开发区生态保护,构建和谐生态,实现人与自然的协调发展。 相似文献