共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
8.
桐庐县富春江、分水江库区漂浮物主要由水葫芦、生活垃圾、动物尸体三部分构成,结合桐庐县垃圾处理处置设施建设现状及规划,对水葫芦及生活垃圾采用机械打捞-压缩中转-烘干(仅水葫芦)-焚烧工艺,对动物尸体采用人工打捞-冷藏车运输-冷库储存-焚烧工艺。为确保水葫芦焚烧可行性,比较了烟气直接烘干和蒸汽间接烘干两种工艺,推荐采用蒸汽间接烘干。 相似文献
9.
近几年来,我国著名经济学家于光远同志,对环境保护的许多重大问题进行了卓有成效的研究。这里介绍的于光远同志过问利用水葫芦防治水域污染的事,比之于他对环境保护事业的贡献,可谓是细枝末节。然而,“一滴水里见太阳”,我们从这件小事里可以窥见一位经济学家的远见卓识。 相似文献
10.
水葫芦为雨久花科凤眼蓝属的一种水生浮游植物.凤眼蓝原产南美洲,现已遍布北纬32°至南纬32°之间的热带和亚热带地区,习见于河流、沟渠等缓流及静水的湖泊、池塘、稻田等的水面上。它在控制环境污染,作为家畜饲料、肥料、能源,以及其它产品方面具有潜在价值,然而曾一度被当作大害草加以消灭的水葫芦,今天越来越受到人们的重视。 相似文献
11.
凤眼莲在污水处理中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
叙述了水生植物凤眼莲的生活习性及生物特性,对污水的净化作用,有别于化学处理的各种特点及效果,在我国的发展前景以及使用中应注意的问题等。 相似文献
12.
The invasion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has resulted in enormous ecological and economic consequences worldwide. Although the spread of this weed in Africa, Australia,
and North America has been well documented, its invasion in China is yet to be fully documented. Here we report that since
its introduction about seven decades ago, water hyacinth has infested many water bodies across almost half of China’s territory,
causing a decline of native biodiversity, alteration of ecosystem services, deterioration of aquatic environments, and spread
of diseases affecting human health. Water hyacinth infestations have also led to enormous economic losses in China by impeding
water flows, paralyzing navigation, and damaging irrigation and hydroelectricity facilities. To effectively control the rampage
of water hyacinth in China, we propose a sustainability science-based management framework that explicitly incorporates principles
from landscape ecology and Integrated Pest Management. This framework emphasizes multiple-scale long-term monitoring and research,
integration among different control techniques, combination of control with utilization, and landscape-level adaptive management.
Sustainability science represents a new, transdisciplinary paradigm that integrates scientific research, technological innovation,
and socioeconomic development of particular regions. Our proposed management framework is aimed to broaden the currently dominant
biological control-centered view in China and to illustrate how sustainability science can be used to guide the research and
management of water hyacinth. 相似文献
13.
Jayaweera MW Kasturiarachchi JC Kularatne RK Wijeyekoon SL 《Journal of environmental management》2008,87(3):450-460
Severe contamination of water resources including groundwater with iron (Fe) due to various anthropogenic activities has been a major environmental problem in industrial areas of Sri Lanka. Hence, the use of the obnoxious weed, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in constructed wetlands (floating aquatic macrophyte-based plant treatment systems) to phytoremediate Fe-rich wastewaters seems to be an appealing option. Although several studies have documented that hyacinths are good metal-accumulating plants none of these studies have documented the ability of this plant grown under different nutrient conditions to remove heavy metals from wastewaters. This paper, therefore, reports the phytoremediation efficiencies of water hyacinth grown under different nutrient conditions for Fe-rich wastewaters in batch-type constructed wetlands. This study was conducted for 15 weeks after 1-week acclimatization by culturing young water hyacinth plants (average height of 20+/-2cm) in 590L capacity fiberglass tanks under different nutrient concentrations of 1-fold [28 and 7.7mg/L of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP), respectively], 2-fold, 1/2-fold, 1/4-fold and 1/8-fold with synthetic wastewaters containing 9.27Femg/L. Another set-up of hyacinths containing only Fe as a heavy metal but without any nutrients (i.e., 0-fold) was also studied. A mass balance was carried out to investigate the phytoremediation efficiencies and to determine the different mechanisms governing Fe removal from the wastewaters. Fe removal was largely due to phytoremediation mainly through the process of rhizofiltration and chemical precipitation of Fe2O3 and FeOH3 followed by flocculation and sedimentation. However, chemical precipitation was more significant especially during the first 3 weeks of the study. Plants grown in the 0-fold set-up showed the highest phytoremediation efficiency of 47% during optimum growth at the 6th week with a highest accumulation of 6707Femg/kg dry weight. Active effluxing of Fe back to the wastewater at intermittent periods and with time was a key mechanism of avoiding Fe phytotoxicity in water hyacinth cultured in all set-ups. Our study elucidated that water hyacinth grown under nutrient-poor conditions are ideal to remove Fe from wastewaters with a hydraulic retention time of approximately 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Biological Control of Water Hyacinth Under Conditions of Maintenance Management: Can Herbicides and Insects Be Integrated? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ted D. Center F. Allen Dray Jr. Greg P. Jubinsky Michael J. Grodowitz 《Environmental management》1999,23(2):241-256
Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi. We therefore sampled water hyacinth and weevil populations at 54 sites distributed statewide. Half were under maintenance
control, half were not treated with herbicides. General site conditions were assessed, demographic data were collected on
weevil and plant populations, the reproductive condition of the weevils was determined, and plant nutrient and proximate composition
of water hyacinth leaves were analyzed. Water hyacinth infestations under maintenance control were minimal when compared to
unmanaged sites. Likewise, on a population basis, all weevil cohorts were much lower due to the paucity of plants. Plants
at unmanaged sites, where weevil intensities were much higher, suffered high levels of stress and showed low growth potential.
Lower percentages of the female weevils were reproductive at unmanaged sites when compared to managed sites, so densities
of reproductives and immatures were similar at both site types. Reproductive status of the weevils improved with increased
plant quality. Plant quality, in turn, declined as stresses arising from weevil feeding increased. Plant quality was positively
correlated with plant growth potential and flower production. Thus, maintenance control improved plant nutritive quality thereby
inducing reproductive vigor of the weevils, but ensuring plant regrowth and the need for future control. This suggests that
biological and herbicidal controls should be integrated, using herbicides to maintain water hyacinth infestations below management
thresholds but in a manner that conserves biological control agent populations. This approach would lead to improved plant
nutritional quality that would, in turn, stimulate reproduction in biological control agent populations. 相似文献
15.
Clifford B. Fedler Runbin Duan 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(8):793-800
Bioenergy production from biomass is proposed as a method to solve part of the nation's energy problem. However, biomass and bioenergy production is questioned as an environment-friendly approach due to the potential increase of water pollution and the potential decrease of available water resource. A conceptual model of an integrated natural waste treatment system that produces biogas and biomass for bioenergy, treat waste and wastewater, conserve fresh water, and decrease the potential water pollution is presented. The potential biomass production from water hyacinth, duckweed, cattail, and knotgrass was investigated using recycling wastewater from an integrated natural waste treatment system from 2005 to 2008. Although the biomass production from recycling wastewater was not controlled for maximum production, this research identified the large potential impact that could be made if these systems were implemented. The overall average water hyacinth growth rate was high to 0.297 kg wet wt./m2/day during a research period of over 500 days, including both the active and non-active growing seasons. The average daily growth rates of duckweed, cattail, and knotgrass were 0.099-0.127, 0.015, and 0.018 kg wet wt./m2, respectively. This research illustrated that water hyacinth was a more promising aquatic plant biomass for bioenergy production when wastewater effluent was recycled as water and nutrient sources from an integrated natural waste treatment system. 相似文献
16.
Arthur R. Benton Wesley P. James John W. Rouse 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(4):919-930
ABSTRACT: Water hyacinth, an attractive, floating aquatic plant, poses a substantial threat of unanticipated water loss from Texas reservoirs. A mature plant will lose about three times as much water through evapotranspiration as is lost from evaporation of an equivalent area of open water. The reservoirs of east and southeast Texas, which comprise the bulk of the state's existing and planned water storage capacity, seem likely to suffer a 20 percent average surface infestation of water hyacinth. A coverage that great will result in a yearly net loss of over 2,000,000 acre-feet of impounded water, based on present water development plans for the state. This would amount to nearly 20 percent of the anticipated yield from the reservoirs affected. An effective aquatic plant control program could head off the threat of this significant water loss. 相似文献
17.
Chongrak Polprasert P.Y. Yang Noppadol Kongsricharoern Wilai Kanjanaprapin 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1994,11(1-4)
This paper presents a case study on pig farm waste management in which pig manure is stabilized in two-stage anaerobic reactors (to produce methane), while pig farm wastewater is treated in water hyacinth ponds from which the harvested water hyacinth plants are used in the production of silage (animal feed) or compost fertilizer. The results suggest the technical feasibility of applying these technologies to treat and recycle pig farm wastes. Cost/benefit analysis reveals the option to produce methane gas and silage to be financially viable after 15 years of operation. A management concept of waste recycling programs is presented, including relationships among objectives, constraints and implementation plan. Decision on a waste recycling program should not be based only on cost/benefit analysis, but also on the pollution control and public health improvement to be gained. 相似文献
18.
Studies have been made of the growth characteristics of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, and its ability to remove N, P and K, in a secondary settling pond of a small secondary sewage treatment plant serving both the academic and residential blocks of the Swire Marine Laboratory, University of Hong Kong. The treatment plant consists of, in series, a primary settling tank, a trickling filter compartment and a secondary settling pond from which part of the treated wastewater is recycled to the primary settling tank while the remaining effluent (1 to 2 m3 daily) mixes with and hence is diluted by the outflowing seawater from the aquarium system of the Swire Marine Laboratory before discharge to the sea. Samples of wastewater have been taken regularly from the primary sedimentation pond, the outflow of the trickling filter, the secondary settling pond and the effluent of the treatment plant (before mixing with aquarium outflow) since January, 1992. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the samples have been determined and are typical of secondary effluents, with a mean pH of about 7.5, total solids 1200 mg L−1, suspended solids 45 mg L−1, conductivity 2000 μS cm−1, salinity 1 ppt, dissolved oxygen 2 mg L−1, BOD5 45 mg L−1, Kjeldahl-N 30 mg L−1, NH4,-N 25 mg L−1, NO3-N 4 mg L−1, total P 10 mg L−1, K 35 mg L−1 and total coliforms of less than 105 colonies 100 ml−1.Water hyacinth plants have been stocked in the secondary settling pond as an integral part of the treatment plant so as to improve the quality of, as well as to retrieving and recycling nutrient elements from, the wastewater. The plants are periodically harvested to maintain an active growing crop. The growth rate, standing crop biomass, tissue nutrient composition, nutrient storage and accumulation rate of two growth cycles, one from February 25 to March 18 (mean temperature 17.6°C) and the other from 22 April to 12 May (24.8°C) are reported. The water hyacinth assumed a relatively high standing crop biomass of 10 kg m−2 (5 to 6 t DM ha−1), and growth rates of 48 and 225 g m−2 day−1, respectively, for the first and second growth period. Nutrient storage capacities were relatively high, at about 20, 7.5 and 16.5 g m−2 for N, P and K, respectively. The nutrient composition was very high, reaching 5.42% for N, 1.97 for P, and 4.57 for K. Both the stem and lamina accumulated high levels of N, while the petiole had the highest level of P and K. Apart from nutrient removal, the water hyacinth also helped to decrease the suspended solids, BOD5 value and total coliforms of the wastewater.It is concluded that water hyacinth improves the quality of wastewater in such small-scale sewage treatment plants and it is recommended that frequent harvests of water hyacinth would increase the treatment efficiency, especially during the active growing season with high temperatures coupled with intense solar radiation. 相似文献
19.
Martin M. Karpiscak Kennith E. Foster Susan B. Hopf John M. Bancroft Peter J. Warshall 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(2):219-227
ABSTRACT: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes L.) has shown to be effective in the treatment of municipal wastewater in a pilot study begun in January 1989 by the Pima County Wastewater Management Department and researchers associated with The University of Arizona's Office of Arid Lands Studies in the Sonoran Desert near Tucson. The influent pumped into the pilot facility's six raceways (ponds) typically has been treated secondary effluent diverted from a conventional treatment facility, although primary effluent from the same facility also has been treated. The Secondary Influent Treatment System has met the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) tertiary standard for BOD5 and TSS of 10 mg/l for every month of its operation since March 1990; the Primary Influent Treatment System met the ADEQ secondary standard for BOD5 and TSS of 30 mg/1 for most of the 10 months it was in operation. 相似文献