含油污泥回注技术开辟环保新思路

含油污泥的处理或再生利用,已成为国内外各油田亟待解决的难题。利用含油污泥产于地层、与油层有良好配伍性的有利因素,对其进行化学处理,使之成为含油污泥调剖剂进行回注,用于高渗透注水井调剖。室内试验表明,含油污泥调剖剂能够进入油层深部,起到较好深部调剖的作用。     

油田含油污泥深度调剖技术研究

针对目前油田联合站中含油污泥处理难的问题,提出了利用含油污泥开展深度调剖技术,通过对含油污泥组分和颗粒粒径分布测试分析,研制出合适的含油污泥深度调剖剂,室内评价结果表明:该调剖剂抗剪切能力强,热稳定性好,适用于80℃以下油藏,可提高驱油效率31.8%,不仅提高了注水开发效果,而且为解决油田含油污泥污染环境问题提供了一个途径。     

含油污泥调剖技术研究及应用

从工艺成熟性和处理程度方面简述了化学热洗技术、热分解技术、焚烧处理技术、溶剂萃取技术、含油污泥调剖技术处理含油污泥的现状,并对几种工艺进行对比分析。探讨了含油污泥无害化处理的指标、处理流程工艺的优化、无害化处理的效果。通过分析含油污泥组成及粒径,进行了含油污泥复合堵剂性能试验及含油污泥冻胶体系性能试验,对含油污泥堵剂性能进行室内评价,并进行调剖现场试验,分析了措施效果,评价了经济效益情况,为油田含油污泥资源化利用提供参考。     

含油污泥物化法处理研究进展

含油污泥是石油开采及加工过程中产生的含油量高、脱水难、水溶性小的固体废物。文章主要介绍了国内物化技术处理含油污泥研究的现状及进展,包括洗脱、萃取、调质分离、热洗、调剖等。对这些方法进行了评价和比较,并对今后的研究方向提出建议,需要在微波、超声波和调剖剂上作进一步研究。     

河南油田含油污泥调剖技术研究及应用

河南油田在生产过程中产生的含油污泥,外排后造成土壤板结和碱化,对周围环境造成严重污染。为此,利用化学剂对含油污泥进行处理,使其变成活性稠化的调剖剂。处理后的含油污泥作为调剖剂须达到的技术指标为:含油污泥粘度低(≤0.3Pa·s),可泵性好;加入悬浮剂后含油污泥的悬浮性能好,沉降时间超过3h。在该油田3口注水井进行了调剖试验,处理含油污泥5309m3。截止2003年1月底,累计增油796.5t,投入产出比为1∶3.6,获得了较好的经济效益。     

陇东油田含油污泥处理技术

阐述了陇东油田含油污泥及其处理现状,重点介绍了陇东油田在含油污泥处理技术上的探索与实践。一种方法是将含油污泥经过化学剂处理后作为调剖剂用于注水井调剖,达到了增油降水效果。另一种方法是对大量的含油污泥采取规模化的焚烧集中处理,最终达到含油污泥的规范、合理处置。     

低成本含油污泥深部调剖技术

文章将含油污泥再利用与注水井调剖有机结合,将含油污泥添加一定的悬浮剂、分散剂,形成活性调剖体系,适用0.20%~0.30%的SDBS乳化剂,0.05%~0.1%的悬浮剂,30%的含油污泥加量,室内岩心封堵效率大于96.0%以上,适合在用注水井调剖,封堵裂缝大孔道,扩大注水波及体积,经过现场验证,技术经济可行。含油污泥调剖回注油层能较好地解决含油污泥的利用问题,减少了环境污染。     

稠油热采井含油污泥调剖技术研究与应用

以稠油开发为主的曙光油田进入中后期开采阶段后,随着含水率升高,集输和水处理系统中含油污泥产出量增大,稠油含油污泥处理困难、成本高。针对该问题,结合稠油蒸汽吞吐中动用不均、汽窜等开发矛盾,在含油污泥组分分析的基础上,深入封堵机理研究,以含油污泥为主要原料研制含油污泥调剖系列堵剂,配套设计段塞组合、施工工艺、地面流程及专用设备,用于稠油热采井的调剖封窜。实际应用表明,该技术可有效动用中低渗透层、缓解汽窜,在改善开发效果的同时实现含油污泥的绿色资源化利用,节约含油污泥处理成本,具有广阔的应用前景。     

含油污泥深度调堵技术在大庆油田的应用

含油污泥调堵技术是将废弃的含油污泥配制成调堵剂,对低压井进行调堵,既可废物利用,又可对低压井进行治理。对配制工艺在室内实验研究的基础上,对大庆油田两口井的含油污泥进行了调堵试验,完成了设计注入量。对调堵剂的配方、配制技术、注入量及注入工艺进行了一系列的现场实践检验。结果表明,含油污泥深度调堵技术不仅能改善注入井吸水剖面,而且为解决油田废弃油泥的环境污染问题提供了新的途径。     

含油污泥深度调剖技术研究与应用

大庆油田通过含油污泥深度调剖剂的室内配方研究,分析了各种影响因素,得出最佳含油污泥调剖剂配方,并选择杏10-1-W472井进行了现场应用。应用结果为:深度调剖后2个月,周围连通油井开始见效,平均日增液27m3,日增油1.6t,综合含水率下降0.5%,平均流压上升0.93MPa,说明低出液、低含水部位的出液比例得到了大幅提高,实现了对这部分剩余油的挖潜目标。该实验表明:含油污泥经过处理后复配成调剖剂,回注到地下,既可提高采收率,又可解决长期以来含油污泥外排造成的环境污染问题。     

Investigation of the toxicity of the products of decoloration of Amaranth by Trametes versicolor

Trametes versicolor decolorized 2000 mg L(-1) of the mono-azo substituted naphthalenic dye Amaranth with no dye sorption observed visually. The changes in the toxicity were assessed over a period of 30 d for the dye-treated viable culture, control (no dye added), and a boiled culture treated with dye, using the Microtox Acute Toxicity assay. Before dye addition, the culture filtrate had some toxicity, which increased after the dye addition. The toxicity of the dye-treated culture decreased during the treatment. The loss of toxicity occurred at the same time, with the loss of color suggesting that detoxification is associated with decoloration. The change in pH was due to natural metabolic processes and had a small effect on detoxification. Because the toxicity of the treatment was similar to that of the control at the end of the treatment, the effluent seems to be safe for release into the environment, potentially rendering this treatment suitable for industrial application.     

城镇化建设中乡村环境保护关键点分析

城镇化是推动我国经济社会发展的重要动力,在高速发展的同时,带来大量污染排放,威胁乡村环境质量与可持续发展。在对乡村生态环境问题剖析的基础上,从战略、实施、方式等层面探索解决思路,围绕科学规划、发展方式、基础建设、管理机制、宣传教育等方面分析关键点,加强乡村环境保护,保障城镇化建设健康发展,为促进农村农业持续发展提供持久动力。     

山东省环境经济系统地域分异研究

环境保护与经济发展相协调,是人类社会持续发展的必由之路.环境经济系统是由环境子系统和经济子系统耦合而成的复合大系统.在用系统论对环境经济系统进行结构分析的基础上,采用主成分分析法和加法合成原理,对山东省17地市环境经济系统进行综合分析和类型划分,并从地域差异角度提出了分区特点及今后的发展建议,以期为山东省环境经济系统高水平协调发展提供决策依据.     

随机规划在泵站树状给水管网优化中的应用

泵站树状给水管网流量具有随机性,而这种随机性变化会直接影响管网的建设费用和动力费用.针对这-特点,应用随机规划原理,建立泵站树状给水管网机会约束模型,编写基于随机模拟的遗传算法程序求解该模型.机会约束模型能较客观地反映该管网的实际工况,使优化设计结果更符合实际.     

Numerical and experimental investigation of state of health of Li-ion battery

ABSTRACT

Estimation of State of Health (SoH) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is essential to predict the lifespan of batteries of an electric vehicle (EV). The efficient prediction of battery health indicates to the effective and safe operation of EV. However, delivering an effective and accurate method for the estimation of SoH in the real condition is truly a challenging task. The present study proposed a holistic procedure of combining both experimental and numerical investigations to conduct the fundamental study on coupled mechanical-electrochemical behavior of Li-ion battery. The proposed investigation highlighted the effect of stress on the capacity of the battery, considering capacity fade as an equivalent parameter to its health for real-time estimation of SoH. Finally, a simple model of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is provided, which shows the linear dependency of stress with the SoH. The results obtained from the ANN model are validated with a Linear Regression (LR) model for a better understanding of the inspection. The predicted value of mean Square Error (MSE) and R square error in the ANN training model are found to be 0.000309 and 0.849687, respectively. Whereas for the test model, these predicted values are found to be 0.000438 and 0.819347, respectively.     

MAPGIS在龙口市土地利用现状数据库建设中的应用

以中国地质大学开发的MMPGIS通用型地理信息系统软件为基础,以山东龙口市2004土地利用现状为例,介绍了龙口市土地利用信息系统建设的方法与步骤,包括影像数据的纠正,矢量数据、属性数据的采集,以及数据入库方法,最后提出了在建库过程中遇到的一些问题.     

Patterns of television viewing and of perceptions of hazards to life

A previous study using respondents in a London regional audience appreciation diary panel showed that links existed between overall amounts of the viewing of television recorded across one week and levels of perception of risk of three hazards to life, namely lightning, flooding and terrorist bomb attacks. With a fourth hazard, cancer, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between perceived risk level and amount of viewing. At the same time there were no relationships between amounts of viewing of news and documentary material and perceived risks of any of 12 hazards. Two new surveys were done, nearly three years after the previous one, asking people in widely different regions about their perceptions of nine various hazards, and linking these results with measures of attitudes towards certain adaptations of new technology (which could prove hazardous or beneficial according to points of view) and to patterns of television viewing. The two surveys agreed on a wide number of points with each other; they agreed with the previous study in finding no steady relationships between information programme viewing and hazard perception. Lightning and flooding were again related, this time more specifically with viewing of particular types of television programming. A new finding is that heavier viewing of television sport is associated with less perceived risk of cancer and of nuclear pollution. Interpretations are generally favoured along the lines of a selective process of viewers with certain predispositions choosing certain kinds of viewing patterns, rather than that programme contents provide an example for formulating perceptions and attitudes.     

开发白洋淀旅游资源的制约因素与对策

作者在实地调查研究的基础上，认为制约白洋淀旅游业发展的因素主要有水位不稳、水质受到污染、旅游项目内容贫乏、参与性差、景区文化氛围不和谐，以及管理不到位。作者提出，应努力保持其水位稳定，加强流域内污染治理，理顺管理体制，建立白洋淀湿地保护区，加大旅游资源开发和宣传力度，丰富旅游的文化内涵等来保证白洋淀旅游的可持续发展。     

基于“四元主体模型”的城市技术创新体系研究

依据创新型城市的基本内涵,构建出四元城市创新体系模型,形成以四元创新主体为核心,集知识、技术于一体的网络创新体系,说明城市创新体系四元模型中,各主体之间的关系及其伴随社会的不同发展时期四元模型的变化趋势和变化过程中主导驱动元素扮演的角色、作用和地位。