城镇垃圾转运系统布局研究

垃圾转运是城镇垃圾处理系统的重要环节，而转运系统布局所涉及的转运站选址、服务范围及半径设置、规模及数量的设定、与外部环节的衔接等问题均会对整个垃圾处理系统的投资效益和运营效率产生重大影响，因此必须统筹规划、综合协调。本文就上述问题进行了系统论证，并以中山市中心城区垃圾转运系统布局为例进行了实例研究。     

渤海油田海洋平台生活垃圾处理方法探究

随着生活垃圾相关法律规范逐步完善，其处置与管理的要求也逐渐提高，但由于海洋平台生活垃圾相对特殊，一直缺乏专门研究。以目前城镇生活垃圾的研究成果为基础，通过现场调研与资料收集，总结了海洋平台生活垃圾的特点：与城镇生活垃圾相比较，垃圾分类方法不同，可回收垃圾与餐厨垃圾占比较高，垃圾收集与转运过程周期长、监管部门多、处置单位分散等。针对目前海洋平台生活垃圾所面临的主要问题，对标法律规范，阐述实施源头分类的可行性与必要性；依托信息化技术，完善硬件设施，加强过程管控；结合资源利用的可持续发展要求，摒弃“规模小、分布散”的处置模式，筛选出适合海洋平台生活垃圾的处置与管理方法，从而为渤海海域开展固体废物规范化管理提供依据。     

城镇垃圾转运系统的市镇二级规划模型研究

本文根据我国城镇的特点,将城镇垃圾转运系统分为中心城区和郊镇两个层次,分别对建立转运站布局设置的数学模型进行研究,并结合实例进行了系统论证.     

基于模糊层次分析法的集装化生活垃圾转运系统后评估

生活垃圾集装化转运系统将生活垃圾压缩至标准化垃圾集装箱内进行运输,与传统方式相比更加先进、环保。通过对集装化垃圾转运系统全流程进行分析,选取系统中关键运行因素,构建针对集装化转运系统的后评估评价指标体系。采取模糊层次分析法,结合专家意见,对体系中各项指标进行权重分析,便于量化对各项指标的评价。以上海市生活垃圾集装化转运系统为例,根据评价模型中各层次的权重分布和分析现状所得的平均评价值,可以求得5个主要评价因素压缩中转、调度管理、设备运行、环境保护、作业安全的平均评价值分别为83.71、92.36、73.37、77.82、95.00。结合各因素的权重,得到上海市市区生活垃圾集装化转运系统的综合评价值为87.10,隶属于优秀评语集分数区间[80,90],故上海市生活垃圾集装化转运系统综合评价等级为优秀。     

德阳市城市生活垃圾处理技术的研究与实践

本文以德阳市城市生活垃圾的研究及垃圾处理工程的建设为主线，论述了德阳市在生活垃圾处理实践中不断探索和改造的实情；以满足城市发展需要的垃圾处理方式及转运工作为主线，介绍了生活垃圾处理场不断进行科研和实践的工作。     

FQZ系列复式气化焚烧技术

ＦＱＺ系列复式气化焚烧技术ＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｏｆＦＱＺＳｅｖｉｅｓＣｏｍｐｌｅｘＧａｓｉｆｉｅｄＩｎｃｉｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ由广州市通用新产品开发公司研制开发的ＦＱＺ系列复式气化焚烧技术，适用于医院垃圾、城镇生活垃圾及工业有机废渣、废液处理，可广泛用于宾...     

青海城镇生活垃圾填埋场勘察与建设中应注意的问题

随着西部大开发战略的深入实施和青海经济建设的快速发展，城镇固体垃圾产生量在逐年增长，生活垃圾填埋场建设势在必行。文章立足生活垃圾填埋场的勘察与建设，结合青海城填建设实际，从建设规模、场址选择、拦挡坝稳定性及场区防渗处理四个方面如何满足规范要求提出了应注意的问题。     

太湖一级保护区水污染成因及控制对策研究

江苏省太湖流域一级保护区综合整治是治理太湖的重点工作，直接关系太湖湖体水环境质量。本文对一级保护区存在的污染问题进行全面分析，提出了严格控制建设用地规模、调整工业结构、优化城乡布局、调整人口结构等减小生态压力的途径，通过提高城镇污水处理能力、加快城镇管网建设、实施污水处理厂脱氮除磷提标改造、推进中水回用和污泥安全处置、完善城镇及乡村垃圾收运系统、治理内源污染等方法进行综合整治，为全面治理太湖水污染提供理论依据。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究

本文介绍了垃圾渗滤液的特点，对常用的垃圾渗滤液处理技术及目前的研究现状作了分析，并对城市垃圾渗滤液处理组合工艺的可行性进行了探讨，对该技术未来的研究方向进行了预测。     

垃圾收集、转运和处理过程的空气异味扬尘净化塔

由北京西山新干线环保设备有限公司开发的垃圾收集、转运和处理过程的空气异味扬尘净化塔,主要应用于垃圾收集和初级分捡站、垃圾转运站以及垃圾综合处理厂的中转、堆放以及分捡等工艺通风除尘除臭。主要技术内容一、基本原理采用自主研发的湿法复合吸收式污染空气净化技术。     

垃圾填埋处理中微量金属元素迁移和转变特性分析

城市生活垃圾中含有多种微量金属元素,并且在填埋处理过程中会产生重金属的二次污染,是城市垃圾填埋处理中最难解决的问题。本文对垃圾中微量金属的来源、微量金属在填埋过程中的迁移和转变特性等方面进行了研究。研究认为,微量金属在填埋处理过程中除受本身特性的影响,还与垃圾的产地和组成有关。     

Metabolisms of injustice: municipal solid-waste management and environmental equity in Barcelona's Metropolitan Region

Environmental justice studies that focus on the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) typically examine the unequal distribution of associated health and environmental risks in minority social groups and the political processes that generate these inequalities. With the aim to complement current views on the field, in this work, we explore whether there is an issue of environmental justice in municipal systems' grade of self-sufficiency in treating the MSW that they generate and in their effort to close their material cycles. The methodology used is based on the concept of urban metabolism and is applied to 12 coastal municipalities of Barcelona's Metropolitan Region in Spain. The metabolism of the MSW flows of each system is analysed to examine (i) the system's efficiency to close its MSW cycles, corresponding to an indicator of environmental sustainability, and (ii) the MSW export and import flows, as an indicator of social sustainability. The results demonstrate a positive correlation between socioeconomic status and the externalisation of MSW treatment-related hazards. The proposed indicator proves to be an excellent tool for the evaluation of both the environmental and social performance of a system considering MSW management.     

Towards the estimation of demand for recycling in Chile: The case of Santiago

In developing countries, the recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) as an alternative to the traditional MSW management requires an economic sustainability valuation. From this perspective, the estimation of demand for recycling is crucial. In this paper, we study the case of recycling MSW in Santiago, Chile. We estimate the relation between the monthly amount of MSW separated voluntarily from apartments located in Santiago and the monthly price required to participate in a municipal recycling program. We consider the transference of the municipal cost savings to the owners of the apartments due to the amount of MSW separated for recycling, which is not collected and deposited in the current MSW system. For the estimation, we use concepts from environmental economics and psychology, analyzing the operation and municipal costs incurred by current MSW management and designing and applying a survey based on a contingent valuation method (CVM) approach. The results indicate that the percentage of MSW separated for recycling varies between a 27.98% and 33.18%, that only four MSW types are affected by a variation of the monthly price, and that a reduction of monthly collection trips in the current MSW system from 24 to 18 can be obtained. Additionally, we discuss a number of methodological aspects to be considered in a similar study of valuation of recycling in developing countries. Our conclusion is that Santiago has favorable conditions for the implementation of a recycling program as an alternative to the current MSW system.     

Municipal solid waste management in China: Status,problems and challenges

This paper presents an examination of MSW generation and composition in China, providing an overview of the current state of MSW management, an analysis of existing problems in MSW collection, separation, recycling and disposal, and some suggestions for improving MSW systems in the future. In China, along with urbanization, population growth and industrialization, the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation has been increasing rapidly. The total MSW amount increased from 31.3 million tonnes in 1980 to 212 million tonnes in 2006, and the waste generation rate increased from 0.50 kg/capita/day in 1980 to 0.98 kg/capita/year in 2006. Currently, waste composition in China is dominated by a high organic and moisture content, since the concentration of kitchen waste in urban solid waste makes up the highest proportion (at approximately 60%) of the waste stream. The total amount of MSW collected and transported was 148 million tonnes in 2006, of which 91.4% was landfilled, 6.4% was incinerated and 2.2% was composted. The overall MSW treatment rate in China was approximately 62% in 2007. In 2007, there were 460 facilities, including 366 landfill sites, 17 composing plants, and 66 incineration plants. This paper also considers the challenges faced and opportunities for MSW management in China, and a number of recommendations are made aimed at improving the MSW management system.     

A multi-objective location-allocation optimization for sustainable management of municipal solid waste

The location problem of treatment and service facilities in municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is of significant importance due to the socioeconomic and environmental concerns. The consideration of waste treatment costs, environmental impact, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, social fairness as well as other relevant aspects should be simultaneously taken into account when a MSW management system is planned. Development of sophisticated decision support tools for planning MSW management system in an economic-efficient and environmental friendly manner is therefore important. In this paper, a general multi-objective location-allocation model for optimally managing the interactions among those conflicting factors in MSW management system is proposed. The model is comprised of a three-stage conceptual framework and a mixed integer mathematical programming. The inclusion of environmental impact and GHG emission objectives push the output of the model tightening toward more environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions in MSW management. The application of this model is demonstrated through an illustrative example, and the computational efficiency of the programming is also tested through a set of incremental parameters. Latter in this paper, a comparison with previous case studies of MSW system design is presented in order to show the applicability and adaptability of the generic model in practical decision-making process, and the perspectives of future study are also discussed.     

The Prospect of Municipal Waste Landfill Diversion Depends on Geographical Location

This study reports on experimentation with municipal and industrial solid waste in Brazil, on mutual inspection of municipal sanitation models in selected Spanish and Brazilian towns, and on observations of municipal solid waste (MSW) management models effective in Argentina, Great Britain, Sweden, and Germany. The diversity of management strategies inhibits technology transfer. Judging by the models inspected, Sweden and Germany appear to be best prepared for stricter European landfill diversion targets in the near future. Experimentation in Brazil has resulted in a proactive MSW management model based on divided collection, which achieves 80 percent landfill diversion. This result, surprisingly, meets and exceeds European diversion targets in a South American context. As the gap in strategy and target narrows between South America and Europe, both technology and management methods may gain intercontinental mobility and thus enhance commercial ties between the two markets in the specific branch of MSW management.     

Regionalization of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Japan: Balancing the Proximity Principle with Economic Efficiency

The proximity principle—disposing of waste close to its origin—has been a central value in municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Japan for the last 30 years and its widespread adoption has helped resolve numerous “Not in My Backyard” issues related to MSW management. However, MSW management costs have soared, in large part because of aggressive recycling efforts and because most MSW is incinerated in a country that has scarce landfill capacity. In addition, smaller, less sophisticated incinerators have been closed because of high dioxin emissions. Rising costs combined with the closure of smaller incinerators have shifted MSW management policy toward regionalization, which is the sharing of waste management facilities across municipalities. Despite the increased use of regionalized MSW facilities, the proximity principle remains the central value in Japanese MSW management. Municipal solid waste management has become increasingly regionalized in the United States, too, but different driving forces are at work in these two countries. The transition to regionalized MSW management in Japan results from strong governmental control at all levels, with the central government providing funds and policy direction and prefectures and municipalities being the primary implementing authorities. By contrast, market forces are a much stronger force with US MSW management, where local governments—with state government oversight—have primary responsibility for MSW management. We describe recent changes in Japan’s MSW programs. We examine the connections between MSW facility regionalization, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the proximity principle, coordination among local governments, central government control, and financing mechanisms.     

垃圾焚烧炉预处理系统设计与优化

论述了垃圾预处理系统的一些关键设备和技术要点,分析了垃圾焚烧炉预处理系统的流程设计和不同的设备组合方式,并介绍了一种用于循环流化床焚烧炉的预处理系统流程和试验结果。     

Optimizing the treatment and disposal of municipal solid wastes using mathematical programming—A case study in a Greek region

Goal of the work is to present a simplified methodology to optimize an integrated solid waste management system. The methodology performs two optimizations, namely: (i) minimization of the total cost of the MSW system and (ii) minimization of the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions (CO_2e) generated by the whole system. The methodology is modeled via non-linear mathematical equations, uses 32 decision variables and does not require complex LCA databases. The proposed model optimally allocates eight MSW components (paper, cardboard, plastics, metals, glass, food wastes, yard wastes and other wastes) to four MSW management technologies (incineration, composting, anaerobic digestion, and landfilling) after source separation of recyclables has taken place. The Region of East-Macedonia and Thrace in Greece was selected as a case study. Results showed that there is a trade off between cost and CO_2e emissions. Incineration and composting were favored as the principal treatment technologies, while landfilling was always the least desirable management technology under both objective functions. The recycling participation rate significantly affected all optimum scenarios.