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《环境保护与循环经济》2015,(10)
分析了甘肃内陆河流域某造纸企业技术提升前后水资源利用、污染物排放及环保效益变化情况,并分析了技术提升中生产方式变化情况,归纳总结了适宜于甘肃内陆河流域工业生产技术提升中的废水循环利用模式。 相似文献
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本节通过论述绿洲可持续发展的必要性,探讨新疆绿洲经营的问题,并在探讨绿洲持续发展的一般条件的基础上,阐述农业与绿洲保护的关系,并探索了新疆农业可持续发展的近期目标与措施。1实施绿洲可持续发展的必要性绿洲是干旱区及半干旱区特有的景观,寓于荒漠,异于荒漠。在干旱区三大子系统中,山地是基础,集结、提供水源;绿洲是核心,是干旱区生物和人类生活聚集区;而荒漠是水资源散失区,是绿洲存在的屏障和发展的后备基地。没有绿洲,就没有干旱区人类生存和发展的空间,而人类在不断利用和改造自然的过程中,大量吸收、转化系统中… 相似文献
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干旱区的农业生态环境问题,实为绿洲的生态环境问题。在干旱区,农业活动均以绿洲为依托。绿洲与荒漠的景观迥异,但两者却又互为依存,并依一定条件互向其对立面转化,因而,了解绿洲的特殊属性及其与荒漠的依存与转化关系,对此区农业生态环境资源利用与保护,将有重要现实意义。本文据近年对干旱区的研究的一些资料,从生态学角度探讨当前敏感的环境问题,就沙化过程逆转的绿洲保护与建设策略进行分析。 相似文献
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1 项目代表性内陆干旱区荒漠绿洲农业是灌溉农业,这些荒漠中的绿洲依托着河流而形成。阜康三工河流域就是天山北麓的一个代表性流域,由博格达峰直至库尔班通古特沙漠南缘上下100km多,流域面积有2170km~2。组成一个复合的荒漠绿洲农业生态系统。 2 荒漠区存在的问题与待解决的关键课题 2.1 荒漠区存在的生态环境问题 2.1.1 自然资源的保护,维持生物多 相似文献
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《环境保护与循环经济》2015,(3)
<正>进入本世纪以来,水资源之于各国的重要性日益凸显,国际河流作为各国水资源联系的重要纽带和载体,更是各国关注和争夺的重点。我国国际河流众多,再加之邻国众多,水资源的国际合作问题就显得更为纷繁复杂。国际河流是我国水资源的重要组成部分,加强各流域国之间的合作是充分有效利用国际河流水资源的唯一途径,然而目前我国与周边国家之间的合作现状不容乐观。要想取得我国与周边国家水资源合作的突破,必须建立和完善信息共享机制、以流域整体 相似文献
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生态屏障建设是推进人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化的重要手段,内陆河流域生态屏障建设评价对于总结生态屏障建设成效与问题及落实中国式现代化建设战略任务具有重要意义。基于社会—生态耦合视角,在构建生态屏障建设评价指标体系基础上,运用综合指数法,对2015—2020年河西内陆河流域生态屏障建设状况进行了动态综合评价,并据此提出提升策略。结果表明:(1)河西内陆河流域生态屏障建设综合指数呈小幅上升态势,生态屏障建设处于发展提升阶段,流域生态安全多处于一般和较差状态;(2)流域生态屏障建设成效空间上整体呈现出自西往东逐渐下降的趋势,其中张掖市生态屏障建设成效明显,生态屏障建设综合指数稳步提升。基于上述研究,建议从社会—生态系统整体性出发,将生态屏障建设融入流域建设全过程,在生态产业、生态文化和生态社会等方面进行整体谋划和系统安排,统筹推进流域生态屏障建设转型提升。 相似文献
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通过对新疆平原区荒漠和绿洲两种生态系统的分析,特别是对天然绿洲生态系统中人工绿洲水资源利用方式及过程的分析,尝试性提出生态需水量在流域规划和水资源管理中的定位、不同生态系统的保护方式和基本生态水量的确定方式,并简述了新疆奎屯河流域以生态退水作为恢复流域生态水量的实例。 相似文献
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Gabriele Villarini Enrico Scoccimarro Kathleen D. White Jeffrey R. Arnold Keith E. Schilling Joyee Ghosh 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(5):1361-1371
Our improved capability to adapt to the future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural United States Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socioeconomic impacts. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However, the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increased trends, in particular, in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a nonstationary world. 相似文献
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Environmental assessment in countries in transition: evolution in a changing context 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cherp A 《Journal of environmental management》2001,62(4):357-374
Over the last fifteen years, Environmental Assessment systems of transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have undergone dramatic change from appraisals integrated into centrally planned economies to formal procedures aimed to ensure interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts and linked to publicly accountable decision-making. In most Central European nations, EA systems have been radically reformed to approximate the procedures used in developed countries, particularly in the European Union. In contrast, EA in most of the former Soviet republics has been reformed more gradually and is still based on the so-called State Environmental Review procedure inherited from the USSR and substantially different from 'Western' EA. About one-third of the transitional countries (in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia) have, so far, failed to establish functioning EA systems. Throughout the region, there has been a gap between EA legislation and practice, especially concerning interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts, public participation, and utilisation of EA findings in decision-making. A key driving force in the reform of EA systems has been the change in their societal context, the so-called 'process of transition'. Three main policy agendas--environmental protection, reforms of decision-making, and conforming to international requirements--along with the institutional context of EA regulations and practice have influenced both the change of EA systems over time and the regional variations in the patterns of their evolution. This study suggests that an effective reform of an EA system should be context-sensitive, or be 'in gear' with the political and economic transition. Future EA research should consider their changing societal contexts and focused on practical effects of applying EA procedures. 相似文献
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Yuriko Sakairi 《Natural resources forum》2000,24(4):313-323
This article presents a case study from Mozambique of the electrification of two selected towns under a World Bank financed project. Low-cost electricity services were extended to the two isolated areas after an enabling framework had been created for private sector participation. The World Bank project also demonstrates that the private sector can be attracted to participate in rural electrification schemes even in a poor country. The example shown in this article is one of the few of its kind in SubSaharan Africa. 相似文献
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As a result of Structural Adjustment Programme from the 1980s, many developing countries have experienced an increase in resource extraction activities by international and transnational corporations. The work reported here examines the perceived impacts of gold mining at the community level in the Wassa West District of Ghana, Africa and discusses those perceived impacts in the context of globalization processes and growing multinational corporate interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Interview data compared community members' perceptions with those of company representatives in three communities. The results indicate that communities held companies responsible for a series of economic, social, and environmental changes. While recognizing some of the benefits brought by the mines, communities felt that the companies did not live up to their responsibility to support local development. Companies responded by denying, dismissing concerns, or shifting blame. Findings from this work show that lack of engagement and action by government agencies at all levels resulted in companies acting in a surrogate governmental capacity. In such situations, managing expectations is key to community-company relations. 相似文献
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Xinzhi Yu 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(6):939-959
The preparation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inclusive sustainability appraisals (SAs) for neighbourhood plans (NPs) in England may be required when significant environmental effects are expected to arise from an NP. In this paper, we report on the result of a Ph.D. project, conducted between 2012 and 2015, in which all 15 NP SEA inclusive SAs that had been completed at the time were evaluated. In this context, the quality of SA practice was found to differ substantially. SAs were prepared either ‘in-house’ (i.e. by neighbourhood planning steering groups) or by consultants. The quality of SAs was found to be associated with their overall perceived degree of influence on the underlying NPs. Whilst the focus of this paper is on practice in England, findings are expected to be of interest to a wider international audience, in particular to those experimenting with voluntary neighbourhood/local level plan SA/SEA. 相似文献
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Environmental Flows (EFlows) are defined as the quantity, timing and quality of the flow of water, sediment and biota necessary to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems, and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. As such they are a vital component of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). A recent survey found that, in general, Africa lags behind schedule with respect to the global SDG Target 6.5 to implement IWRM at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate. This web-based review explores progress made in EFlows Assessments and implementing their outcomes in southern Africa. It outlines the apparent impetus to the uptake of EFlows provided by legislation, common funding mechanisms for EFlows assessment and evolving trends in EFlows assessment. It also highlights instances of implementation of EFlows in both in-country and transboundary settings. 相似文献
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Rainfall samples were collected during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons at four agricultural locales across the USA in Maryland, Indiana, Nebraska, and California. The samples were analyzed for 21 insecticides, 18 herbicides, three fungicides, and 40 pesticide degradates. Data from all sites combined show that 7 of the 10 most frequently detected pesticides were herbicides, with atrazine (70%) and metolachlor (83%) detected at every site. Dacthal, acetochlor, simazine, alachlor, and pendimethalin were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and diazinon were the only insecticides among the 10 most frequently detected compounds. Of the remaining pesticide parent compounds, 18 were detected in fewer than 30% of the samples, and 13 were not detected. The most frequently detected degradates were deethylatrazine; the oxygen analogs (OAs) of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion; and 1-napthol (degradate of carbaryl). Deethylatrazine was detected in nearly 70% of the samples collected in Maryland, Indiana, and Nebraska but was detected only once in California. The OAs of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were detected primarily in California. Degradates of the acetanilide herbicides were rarely detected in rain, indicating that they are not formed in the atmosphere or readily volatilized from soils. Herbicides accounted for 91 to 98% of the total pesticide mass deposited by rain except in California, where insecticides accounted for 61% in 2004. The mass of pesticides deposited by rainfall was estimated to be less than 2% of the total applied in these agricultural areas. 相似文献