各种农药使用趋势

据报道,我国今后农药使用趋势是: 1.目前大力推广使用的有9种:三环唑、富士一号、粉锈宁、特克多、水胺硫磷、混灭威、敌鼠钠盐、丁草胺、草甘膦。 2.近年内仍可继续用的有22种:井冈霉素、多菌灵、托布津、克瘟散、叶青双、叶枯宁、叶枯净、萎锈灵、克菌丹、乙磷铝、杀虫双、叶蝉散、速灭威、辛硫磷、乙酰、敌敌畏、二嗪农、乐果、氧化乐果、马拉松、二溴磷、倍硫膦。 3.逐步控制使用的有24种:百菌清、敌菌灵、401、甲胺磷、磷铵、久效磷、1605、3911、治螟灵、呋喃丹、杀虫胀、二氯苯醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、多虫畏、速灭杀丁、杀灭菊酯、溴甲     

我国的国家一级保护动植物

国家的一级重点保护植物：人参、金花茶、银杉、珙桐、水杉、望天树、秃杉、桫椤。国家的一级保护动物：蜂猴、熊猴、台湾猴、豚尾猴、叶猴、金丝猴、长臂猿、马来熊、大熊猫、紫貂、貂熊、熊狸、云豹、豹、虎、雪豹、儒艮、白暨豚、中华白海豚、亚洲象、蒙古野驴、西藏野驴、野马、野骆驼、鼷鹿、黑鹿、白唇鹿、坡鹿、梅花鹿、豚鹿、麋鹿、野牛、野牦牛、普氏原羚、藏羚、高鼻羚车、扭角羚、台湾鬣铃、赤斑羚、塔尔羊、北山羊、河狸、短尾信天翁、白腹军舰鸟、白鹳、黑鹳、朱、中华秋沙鸭、金雕、白肩雕、玉带海雕、白尾海雕、虎头海雕、拟…     

四川彭县中草药资源概况

据统计,彭县有药用植物630余种,隶属150科。其中药用低等植物10种,主要为蝉花、长松萝,节松萝、雪茶等。药用蕨类植物40种,主要有石松、木贼、海金沙、单芽狗脊蕨、槲蕨、石苇等。药用种子植物580余种,其中裸子植物有银杏、侧柏等5种、双子叶植物460余种,单子叶植物93种,主要有首乌、药用大黄、川牛膝、连、黄连、三叶木通,牡丹、厚朴、杜仲、贴梗海棠、杏、橘,吴茱萸、黄皮树、楝、酸枣、紫花地丁、羽叶三七、川芎、蒿本,重齿毛当归、防风、北柴胡、紫花前胡、益母草、薄荷、玄参、双边瓜蒌、忍冬、党参、桔梗、牛蒡、白术、云木香、红花、泽泻、天南星、天门冬、米贝母、玉竹、土茯苓、藜芦、射干、姜、白芨、天麻等。药用动物有40余种,分属33科,主要有地龙、蝉蜕、九香虫、僵蚕、虻虫、蜂蜜、蜂蜡、羌活鱼、龟板、鳖甲、乌梢蛇、鸡内金、夜明砂、狗肾、豹骨、穿山甲,牛黄、猴骨等.矿物药有空青石、绿矾、滑石、禹余粮、硫磺,自然铜和种乳石等7种.目前彭县中草药已正式收入中国药典1985年版的     

有害废物和垃圾类别

有害废物和垃圾类别一、含氰废物二、含多氯联苯废物三、废杀虫剂、除草剂、杀菌剂四、含有铍、六价铬、砷、硒、镉、锑、碲、汞、铊、铅及其化合物的废物，含铜、锌化合物的废物五、石棉废物六、废酚和酚化合物七、醚类废物八、废有机卤代化合物九、废无机氟化合物十、废...     

资源综合利用目录(2003年修订)

一、在矿产资源开采加工过程中综合利用共生、伴生资源生产的产品1.煤系伴生的高岭岩(土)、铝钒土、耐火粘土、膨润土、硅藻土、玄武岩、辉绿岩、大理石、花岗石、硫铁矿、硫精矿、瓦斯气、褐煤蜡、腐植酸及腐植酸盐类、石膏、石墨、天然焦及其加工利用的产品;2.黑色金属矿山和黄金矿山回收的硫铁矿、铜、钴、硫、萤石、磷、钒、锰、氟精矿、稀土精矿、钛精矿;3.有色金属矿山回收的主要金属以外的硫精矿、硫铁矿、铁精矿、萤石精矿及各种精矿和金属,以及利用回收的残矿、难选矿及低品位矿生产的精矿和金属;4.利用黑色、有色金属和非金属及其…     

二氧化硫污染控制区范围

省、自治区、直辖市控制区范围（国家重点扶持的贫困县除外）北京市东城区、西城区、宣武区、崇文区、朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区、石景山区及门头沟区、通州区、房山区、昌平县、大兴县天津市市区河北省石家庄市市区及辛集市、藁城市、晋州市、新乐市、鹿泉市邯郸市市区及武...     

绿色中国企业论坛加盟企业名单

中国长江三峡工程开发总公司、中国航天科工海鹰集团、中国机械设备进出口总公司、中国水电建设集团、中国海洋置业公司、中国电子进出口总公司、中国船级社、中国国旅集团公司、中信国安集团公司、中国医药集团总公司、中国通用技术集团控股份有限公司、首钢总公司、大连实德集团、鞍山钢铁集团公司、邯郸钢铁股份有限公司、北京现代汽车有限公司、北大方正集团公司、新浪网、美国高胜(亚洲)公司、招商银行、北京李宁体育有品有限     

柴达木地区的矿产资源

柴达木地区的矿产资源十分丰富.经过广大地质工作者四十多年的艰苦努力,共发现石油、天然气、煤、铁、铅锌、金、银、钨、锡、铌、钽、锂、钾盐、镁盐、石盐、硼、溴、碘、芒硝、石膏、天然碱、自然硫、压电水晶、天青石、硅灰石、石棉、化工灰岩等矿产80种,产地近千处.其中,探明储量的矿产52种,产地270处,占全省探明产地数的40%,探明储量潜在经济价值占全省总潜在经济价值的90%以上.在探明储量的矿产中氯化钾、氯化镁、氯化锂、食盐、化工灰岩、石棉等居全国首位;三氧化二硼、氯化铷分别居全国第二、三位.氯化钾、氯化锂、氯化镁、石盐的储量分别占全国总储量的     

哈希公司发布DR900便携式多参数比色计

哈希公司发布最新一代DR900便携式多参数比色计。配合Hach预制试剂,可在现场快速、简便、准确地测量COD、TOC、氨氮、总氮、总磷、余氯、总氯、ss、浊度、氰、氟、及六价铬、总铬、铜、铁、锰、锌等参数,非常适合对污水、地表水、自来水、锅炉水等水样的检测与测量。     

全国环境保护系统首届色谱学术交流会在穗召开

由国家环境保护局委托华南环境保护科研所主办,全国环境保护系统首届色谱学术交流会于1986年3月3～6日在广州举行。来自全国环境保护系统的单位有国家环保局、中国环境科学院、中国环境监测总站、广东环保局、北京市环境监测中心、北京市环保所、上海市环保所、华南环保所、四川、山东、河北、广东,吉林、陕西、重庆、广州、武汉、苏州、深圳、海南等省、市的所、站及中国科学院环境化学所、同济医科大学、北京分析仪器厂、大连油漆厂等36个,60名代表参加     

Hydrological,Physical, and Chemical Functions and Connectivity of Non‐Floodplain Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review

We reviewed the scientific literature on non‐floodplain wetlands (NFWs), freshwater wetlands typically located distal to riparian and floodplain systems, to determine hydrological, physical, and chemical functioning and stream and river network connectivity. We assayed the literature for source, sink, lag, and transformation functions, as well as factors affecting connectivity. We determined NFWs are important landscape components, hydrologically, physically, and chemically affecting downstream aquatic systems. NFWs are hydrologic and chemical sources for other waters, hydrologically connecting across long distances and contributing compounds such as methylated mercury and dissolved organic matter. NFWs reduced flood peaks and maintained baseflows in stream and river networks through hydrologic lag and sink functions, and sequestered or assimilated substantial nutrient inputs through chemical sink and transformative functions. Landscape‐scale connectivity of NFWs affects water and material fluxes to downstream river networks, substantially modifying the characteristics and function of downstream waters. Many factors determine the effects of NFW hydrological, physical, and chemical functions on downstream systems, and additional research quantifying these factors and impacts is warranted. We conclude NFWs are hydrologically, chemically, and physically interconnected with stream and river networks though this connectivity varies in frequency, duration, magnitude, and timing.     

新时代生态文明法律体系统筹协调与集成创新的进展和建议

在“五位一体”总体布局内，生态环保法律体系通过内外协调，进入以生态文明理念为指导的全面升级时期。绿色、循环、低碳要求的统筹协调和集成创新不断加强，明确了一些流域或区域的综合保护立法。对照生态文明体制改革要求，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长的法制建设不足，山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理的法制建设不足，一些改革措施并未写入法律法规，一些概念和部门的职责并不清晰，一些特殊区域和流域缺乏综合性保护专门立法，影响绿色、循环、低碳发展的综合绩效。建议全面开展法制梳理，提升降碳、减污、扩绿、增长类法律法规的衔接性和互助性，促进山水林田湖草沙各要素法律法规的兼容性和协同性，针对特定流域和区域的保护、重点行业的绿色、循环、低碳发展及国土空间规划、自然资源资产管理等领域开展专门立法；界定有争议的概念，区分相关监管和监测职责；加强一般立法与流域、区域保护立法的衔接。     

生态保护的基础、关键及重点

生态保护的基础是生态监测与生态调查，生态保护的关键则是生态系统健康评价，生态系统健康评价因素有组织、结构、活力、恢复力、系统对相邻系统的影响、投入、对人类健康的影响等，其类型有健康、较健康、亚健康、不健康、患病五级；其相应的生态恢复为生态预防、自然恢复、生态修复、生态重建；其相应的生态工程有建立自然保护区、封育、补播与放流、人工林、人工草场、人工湿地等。     

生态环境科技进展与“十四五”展望

科技是国之利器,持续改善生态环境、建设生态文明、打造美丽中国,离不开强有力的环境科技支撑。本文梳理总结我国"十三五"时期的生态环境科技进展,在分析生态环境科技发展趋势和"十四五"科技需求的基础上,提出构建生态环境质量改善、风险防控、智慧监管三大技术体系和完善激发创新活力、提升创新效能的能力支撑体系的科技发展目标,以及坚持问题导向、系统治理、创新引领、协同增效和深化改革的原则,并从基础研究、技术研发、方法体系、应用示范、创新能力、成果转化六个方面系统设置重点任务,由此推动科技更好地支撑引领生态环境保护中心工作。     

Effects of ionic strength, temperature, and pH on degradation of selected antibiotics

Aqueous degradation rates, which include hydrolysis and epimerization, for chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TET), lincomycin (LNC), sulfachlorpyridazine (SCP), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfathiazole (STZ), trimethoprim (TRM), and tylosin A (TYL) were studied as a function of ionic strength (0.0015, 0.050, or 0.084 mg/L as Na(2)HPO(4)), temperature (7, 22, and 35 degrees C), and pH (2, 5, 7, 9, and 11). Multiple linear regression revealed that ionic strength did not significantly affect (alpha = 0.05) degradation rates for all compounds, but temperature and pH affected rates for CTC, OTC, and TET significantly (alpha = 0.05). Degradation also was observed for TYL at pH 2 and 11. No significant degradation was observed for LNC, SCP, SDM, STZ, TRM, and TYL (pH 5, 7, and 9) under study conditions. Pseudo first-order rate constants, half-lives, and Arrhenius coefficients were calculated where appropriate. In general, hydrolysis rates for CTC, OTC, and TET increased as pH and temperature increased following Arrhenius relationships. Known degradation products were used to confirm that degradation had occurred, but these products were not quantified. Half-lives ranged from less than 6 h up to 9.7 wk for the tetracyclines and for TYL (pH 2 and 11), but no degradation of LIN, the sulfonamides, or TRM was observed during the study period. These results indicate that tetracyclines and TYL at pH 2 and 11 are prone to pH-mediated transformation and hydrolysis in some cases, but not the sulfonamides, LIN nor TRM are inclined to degrade under study conditions. This indicates that with the exception of CTC, OTC, and TET, pH-mediated reactions such as hydrolysis and epimerization are not likely removal mechanisms in surface water, anaerobic swine lagoons, wastewater, and ground water.     

Environmental occurrences, behavior, fate, and ecological effects of nanomaterials: an introduction to the special series

The release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the biosphere will increase as industries find new and useful ways to utilize these materials. Scientists and engineers are beginning to assess the material properties that determine the fate, transport, and effects of ENMs; however, the potential impacts of released ENMs on organisms, ecosystems, and human health remain largely unknown. This special collection of four review papers and four technical papers identifies many key and emerging knowledge gaps regarding the interactions between nanomaterials and ecosystems. These critical knowledge gaps include the form, route, and mass of nanomaterials entering the environment; the transformations and ultimate fate of nanomaterials in the environment; the transport, distribution, and bioavailability of nanomaterials in environmental media; and the organismal responses to nanomaterial exposure and effects of nanomaterial inputs, on ecological communities and biogeochemical processes at relevant environmental concentrations and forms. This introductory section summarizes the state of knowledge and emerging areas of research needs identified within the special collection. Despite recent progress in understanding the transport, transformations, and fate of ENMs in model environments and organisms, there remains a large need for fundamental information regarding releases, distribution, transformations and persistence, and bioavailability of nanomaterials. Moreover, fate, transport, bioaccumulation, and ecological impacts research is needed using environmentally relevant concentrations and forms of ENMs in real field materials and with a broader range of organisms.     

ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSERVATION OF AQUATIC BIODWERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY1

ABSTRACT: Ecologically effective ecosystem management will require the development of a robust logic, rationale, and framework for addressing the inherent limitations of scientific understanding. It must incorporate a strategy for avoiding irreversible or large-scale environmental mistakes that arise from social and political forces that tend to promote fragmented, uncritical, short-sighted, inflexible, and overly optimistic assessments of resource status, management capabilities, and the consequences of decisions and policies. Aquatic resources are vulnerable to the effects of human activities catchment-wide, and many of the landscape changes humans routinely induce cause irreversible damage (e.g., some species introductions, extinctions of ecotypes and species) or give rise to cumulative, long-term, large-scale biological and cultural consequences (e.g., accelerated erosion and sedimentation, deforestation, toxic contamination of sediments). In aquatic ecosystems, biotic impoverishment and environmental disruption caused by past management and natural events profoundly constrain the ability of future management to maintain biodiversity and restore historical ecosystem functions and values. To provide for rational, adaptive progress in ecosystem management and to reduce the risk of irreversible and unanticipated consequences, managers and scientists must identify catchments and aquatic networks where ecological integrity has been least damaged by prior management, and jointly develop means to ensure their protection as reservoirs of natural biodiversity, keystones for regional restoration, management models, monitoring benchmarks, and resources for ecological research.     

应对气候变化治理模式国别比较分析

应对气候变化是全球各国共同面临的严峻挑战，而不同国家由于其自身发展阶段、治理水平等存在差异，气候治理模式也呈现不同特征。本文系统梳理了英国、德国、法国、美国、欧盟、日本、韩国、印度、巴西、南非等全球主要经济体和排放体的气候政策体系与机构设置情况，将其气候治理模式分为五类：政策引领型、法律缺失型、整体完备型、部分行业先行型和政策协调双缺失型，并从政治体制和党派态度、资源禀赋和强势部门、战略定位与气候叙事、公众态度与国际事件四个维度进行了影响因素的分析。建议我国未来可在加快推进气候立法、充分发挥制度优势、形成中国特色治理方案、推动建立公平合理互利共赢国际治理体系、落实完善“1+N”政策体系等方面加强工作部署，提升应对气候变化治理水平，促进“双碳”目标尽早实现。     

基于可持续发展视阈下城市生态规划的途径探析

随着经济全球化、城市化进程的加剧,城市生态的规划建设对社会经济发展起着至关重要的作用。从可持续发展视域探讨当前城市规划建设中存在的由规划滞后、规划重复、规划片面、执法不严等造成的城市规划环境污染、资源浪费和生态破坏的问题,提出构建城市生态规划的现实必然性和基本原则,从强化机制、转变观念、以人为本、健全法制、合理规划等角度探讨可持续发展视阈下城市生态规划的途径。     

Evaluating Microbial Indicators of Environmental Condition in Oregon Rivers

Traditional bacterial indicators used in public health to assess water quality and the Biolog system were evaluated to compare their response to biological, chemical, and physical habitat indicators of stream condition both within the state of Oregon and among ecoregion aggregates (Coast Range, Willamette Valley, Cascades, and eastern Oregon). Forty-three randomly selected Oregon river sites were sampled during the summer in 1997 and 1998. The public health indicators included heterotrophic plate counts (HPC), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and Escherichia coli (EC). Statewide, HPC correlated strongly with physical habitat (elevation, riparian complexity, % canopy presence, and indices of agriculture, pavement, road, pasture, and total disturbance) and chemistry (pH, dissolved O2, specific conductance, acid-neutralizing capacity, dissolved organic carbon, total N, total P, SiO2, and SO4). FC and EC were significantly correlated generally with the river chemistry indicators. TC bacteria significantly correlated with riparian complexity, road disturbance, dissolved O2, and SiO2 and FC. Analyzing the sites by ecoregion, eastern Oregon was characterized by high HPC, FC, EC, nutrient loads, and indices of human disturbance, whereas the Cascades ecoregion had correspondingly low counts of these indicators. The Coast Range and Willamette Valley presented inconsistent indicator patterns that are more difficult to characterize. Attempts to distinguish between ecoregions with the Biolog system were not successful, nor did a statistical pattern emerge between the first five principle components and the other environmental indicators. Our research suggests that some traditional public health microbial indicators may be useful in measuring the environmental condition of lotic systems.