养老旅游意愿影响因素实证分析:基于推拉理论

基于推拉理论,以海南省为养老旅游目的地,对少数民族地区老年人旅游活动进行研究。运用结构方程模型对推拉因子与参加意愿、推荐意愿和关注意愿之间的影响关系进行实证分析,全面揭示养老旅游意愿的影响机制。研究结果显示:①推力和拉力维度各潜在因子之间相互影响,推拉因子对旅游意愿有直接的、正向的影响关系;②性别、年龄、学历、年收入等不同属性直接影响着推力与拉力之间的关系;③老年人养老旅游意愿受动机因子影响最大,推力因子优于拉力因子;④旅游意愿中受到影响程度最大的是参加意愿,其次分别是推荐意愿和关注意愿。     

红色旅游景区游客满意度研究

以我国知名红色旅游景区为研究对象，探讨了红色旅游景区游客满意度评价因子与整体满意度、重游意愿和推荐意愿之间的相互关系。通过因子分析法，萃取出5个红色旅游景区游客满意度评价因子——景区教育性、景区体验性、景区魅力性、景区服务、景区环境。分析显示，除性别、收入程度外，在年龄、受教育程度、职业等人口统计学变量下，红色旅游景区游客满意度评价存在显著性差异。多元回归分析验证了5个因子与整体满意度之间存在明显的正相关关系，除景区体验性外的4个因子与重游意愿和推荐意愿之间也存在明显的正相关关系。     

基于游客满意度提高乡村旅游经济效益的研究——以威海市河口胶东渔村为例

实现顾客满意是提高企业经营质量管理的重要手段之一,作者将其应用于乡村旅游业经济效益的研究.该研究在形成乡村旅游业游客满意度量表的基础上,加入游客花费的统计指标,使用多元回归分析技术发现游客满意与旅游花费之间统计上呈显著的负相关关系,使用逻辑斯谛回归来进行游客推荐、重游意愿两个二分变量的影响因素的研究,发现游客推荐及重游意愿均受游客花费影响,同时重游意愿还受到游客性别、年龄、收入因素的影响.     

论城市旅游景观视觉形象的影响因素——以扬州市为例

在视觉影响因素的作用下,旅游者对实地感知的城市旅游景观视觉辨别和鉴赏形成了视觉形象感知。城市旅游景观的品质不同对视觉形象产生的影响不同,而不同社会背景的旅游者及居民对同类旅游景观视觉形象感知的影响也不同。分析得出性别、年龄、文化水平、职业等不同社会背景的旅游者和居民对扬州旅游景观视觉形象感知的影响不显著,据此提出了提升城市旅游景观视觉形象的方法和建议,期望对城市旅游的规划者、决策者提供参考,以便创造更多更美的城市旅游景观。     

城市居民出境旅游决策的性别差异研究

在我国出境旅游迅猛发展的背景下,选择西部重要城市西安为案例地,运用因子分析和非参数检验法研究了不同性别的城市居民出境旅游动机与影响因素的差异性,在此基础上建立不同性别居民出境旅游动机与影响因素相关性结构方程模型,对比分析得出两者在出境旅游决策方面的相关性差异。结果表明:(1)不同性别的城市居民出境旅游动机差异显著,男性主要为"求动心理"驱动,女性则主要为"求静心理"驱动。(2)不同性别的城市居民出境旅游受"目的地供给水平、国内旅游推力"因素影响趋同,但女性更关注目的地的可进入性、节庆赛事等。(3)动机与影响因素之间存在相关性,且在不同性别中差异显著,在男性中表现出更高的协同一致性。     

城市旅游景观美学质量及其与景观格局的关系研究——以南京市为例

当前,城市旅游景观美学质量已经日益成为影响城市旅游竞争的一个重要因素。以江苏省南京市为例,同时采用美景度评估法对景观美景度进行评价,采用GIS、RS方法对景观空间格局进行分析,利用SPSS对美景度评价结果及其与格局指数的关系进行统计。结果表明:1评价者对开朗与闭合不同视域的景观,自然、人文与复合类不同类型的景观的审美无偏好;对闭合类景观、自然类景观审美趋于一致。2景观美景度与斑块数量、斑块密度之间呈负相关关系。3景观美景度与水域、草地所占景观面积之比为正相关关系,与交通所占景观面积之比为负相关关系。基于以上分析,建议对城市旅游景观规划应采取以下措施:适当降低斑块密度,增加水体、草地等自然类景观。     

城镇化背景下江苏省区域碳排放的影响因素研究

城镇化与碳排放问题关系到我国人口、经济与资源的协调发展。从衡量城镇化的影响因素出发,研究了城镇化对江苏省及各区域碳排放的影响,利用STIRPAT模型与面板数据广义最小二乘法(GLS)计算分析了城镇化进程中人口城镇化、产业城镇化、土地城镇化、研发强度、能源消费结构、FDI等因素对江苏省及苏南、苏中、苏北的影响程度。结果发现,人口城镇化、产业城镇化、研发强度、能源消费结构、FDI与城镇碳排放呈正相关关系,土地城镇化与城镇碳排放呈负相关关系,产业城镇化是影响江苏省及各区域的最主要因素,不同地区不同因素对碳排放的影响程度也存在差异,据此提出城镇化背景下江苏省碳减排的对策。     

利用灰色系统对乌鲁木齐地区大气能见度与大气污染关系的分析

一、前言大气能见度一般是指大气的清澈程度和清楚地看到远处目标的可能性。白天的能见度为在水平方向肉眼能看到的黑色目标的最远距离V_1,这个能见距离就是特定目标和背景之间的视反差,等于观测者的反差极吋的距离。大气能见度受多种因素的综合影响和制约,它不仅与观测时的天气有关,同时也与测量地区的大气污染程度有关,且气象因素与污染因素之间也存在一定关系。这样大气能见度涉及到的因素就较多,各因素之间的关系也较为复杂,利用灰色系统理论,能够     

中国旅游安全网络关注度的影响因素分析——基于中国省际面板数据的实证检验

选取2011—2015年我国31个省、自治区、直辖市的面板数据作为样本,分析了我国旅游安全网络关注度的影响因素。基于文献探讨,选择5类解释变量、7项指标数据,使用Eviews9.0软件,通过单位根检验、协整检验、F检验、Hausman检验等方法逐步确定面板数据模型类型,建立个体固定效应模型,以实证研究各因素对旅游安全网络关注度的影响方向及程度,分析内在作用关系。结果表明:(1)地区人口规模、互联网发展水平、地区经济发展水平和受教育程度对旅游安全网络关注度有显著正向影响,性别对旅游安全网络关注度水平无显著影响;(2)地区人口规模、互联网发展水平影响弹性系数较大,为主要影响因素。     

港口发展对区域经济的贡献分析——基于江苏省沿海三市港口的比较

运用1998—2015年数据,对江苏省沿海连云港、南通和盐城三城市的港口发展与区域经济的关系进行了检验。结果表明,无论是整体面板数据模型还是分地区时间序列模型,港口发展对区域经济存在显著的正向作用,但影响程度在不同地区有所不同。总体而论,成熟度和货物吞吐量更强的连云港相对于盐城和南通两个城市的影响程度更高,这可能与当地的产业结构有关。在三个城市中,南通的工业最发达,连云港最低,而运输业方面恰好相反,说明连云港的港口业务强度相对更大。在此强度下,对当地的就业和经济贡献较高,而南通和盐城由于其他产业对经济贡献度高,使港口经济效应相对变弱。     

Sustainable Forest Management Preferences of Interest Groups in Three Regions with Different Levels of Industrial Forestry: An Exploratory Attribute-Based Choice Experiment

The challenge of sustainable forest management is to integrate diverse and sometimes conflicting management objectives. In order to achieve this goal, we need a better understanding of the aspects influencing the preferences of diverse groups and how these groups make trade-offs between different attributes of SFM. We compare the SFM preferences of interest groups in regions with different forest use histories based on the reasoning that the condition of the forest reflects the forest use history of the area. The condition of the forest also shapes an individual’s forest values and attitudes. These held values and attitudes are thought to influence SFM preferences. We tested whether the SFM preferences vary amongst the different interest groups within and across regions. We collected data from 252 persons using a choice experiment approach, where participants chose multiple times among different options described by a combination of attributes that are assigned different levels. The novelty of our approach was the use of choice experiments in the assessment of regional preference differences. Given the complexity of inter-regional comparison and the small sample size, this was an exploratory study based on a purposive rather than random sample. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the aggregation of preferences of all individuals within a region does not reveal all information necessary for forest management planning since opposing viewpoints could cancel each other out and lead to an interpretation that does not reflect possibly polarised views. Although based on a small sample size, the preferences of interest groups within a region are generally statistically significantly different from each other; however preferences of interest groups across regions are also significantly different. This illustrates the potential importance of assessing heterogeneity by region and by group.     

Visual preferences of elderly public housing residents: Residential street scenes

Multiple regression predictors related judged visual attributes of housing exteriors to evaluative responses by elderly persons living in public housing in two different cities. In one city, the safety and composite preference evaluations of the 30 neighborhoods portrayed in photographs were found inversely related to both the dilapidation and diversity of the street scenes. In the other city the same evaluations were found related to the dullness and openness of the street scenes. In both cases, the responses predicted by the multiple regression equations for the sample in one city showed significant correlations with the obtained evaluative responses by the sample in the other city. However, the equations with dilapidation and diversity were the better predictors.     

Public opinion and interest group positions on open-space issues in Albuquerque,New Mexico,USA: Implications for resource management

The purpose of this research was to elicit and compare the open-space preferences of citizens and openspace experts in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. A randomly selected sample of 492 citizens and 35 open-space experts participated in a telephone survey during May 5–18, 1986. The following hypothesis was tested and used as a guideline for the study:HO1: There is no significant difference between respondents' status and preference for open space in Albuquerque, New Mexico.The hypothesis was rejected. Findings confirmed respondents' status affected preference for open space. Of the eight issues on which the citizen and expert groups were compared, five recorded significant differences in response profiles. The open-space expert group was significantly more supportive of using open space to accommodate offroad vehicle facilities, wildlife preserves, a citywide recreational trail, and a trail system along the arroyos and city ditches. The citizen sample was significantly more supportive of using open space to accommodate overnight camping facilities. Both groups equally supported using open space to accommodate an outdoor amphitheater, outdoor education facilities, and rafting, kayaking, and canoeing facilities.The finding indicated that expert preferences did not represent an aggregate of citizen preferences for managing open-space resources. Understanding both expert and citizen positions will facilitate decision-making processes and help resolve environmental disputes.     

Niagara region farmers' markets: local food systems and sustainability considerations

This article presents the findings of a survey of farmers' markets customers in the Niagara region of Ontario, Canada. The recent growth of farmers' markets in North America and the association of these markets with local food systems development provoke examination to gain insights into consumer motivations for patronizing these markets, and to then reflect on their potential role within locally oriented and sustainable food production systems. The survey carried out on customers of three Niagara region farmers' markets corroborates previous studies that noted that socioeconomic and cultural factors such as the importance of food freshness, support of local farmers and the local farm economy, and social interaction—embeddedness—are key expressions of people's support and interest in farmers' markets. This work serves to heighten our understanding of consumer attitudes toward direct marketing via farmers' markets, yields useful speculation about these markets and their roles in sustainable local food systems progress, and also raises critical questions about such customer patronage and associated farmers' markets potential in local food system development.     

Niagara region farmers' markets: local food systems and sustainability considerations

This article presents the findings of a survey of farmers' markets customers in the Niagara region of Ontario, Canada. The recent growth of farmers' markets in North America and the association of these markets with local food systems development provoke examination to gain insights into consumer motivations for patronizing these markets, and to then reflect on their potential role within locally oriented and sustainable food production systems. The survey carried out on customers of three Niagara region farmers' markets corroborates previous studies that noted that socioeconomic and cultural factors such as the importance of food freshness, support of local farmers and the local farm economy, and social interaction—embeddedness—are key expressions of people's support and interest in farmers' markets. This work serves to heighten our understanding of consumer attitudes toward direct marketing via farmers' markets, yields useful speculation about these markets and their roles in sustainable local food systems progress, and also raises critical questions about such customer patronage and associated farmers' markets potential in local food system development.     

Cognitive attributes and aesthetic preferences in assessment and differentiation of landscapes

The increasing pace and scale of landscape changes involve objective measurements in order to estimate the effects of changes on people's landscape preferences in a meaningful way. In the literature, some attempts have been made to provide a more conceptual base related to landscape preferences. These concepts and their indicators need to be tested empirically in different contexts and landscape types. In the present study, different items related to theoretical concepts of both aesthetic preference and cognitive rating were examined. They were combined in an in situ questionnaire, which was conducted among undergraduate students in geography during two different field excursions. Stimuli consisted of 11 landscape vistas selected during the excursions. All vistas represent rather rural landscapes but they vary with regard to relief, degree of urbanisation, and degree of agricultural land use. Statistical analysis of all data yielded significant correlations between aesthetic and cognitive ratings. However, these correlations did not appear to be very strong. When considering landscape vistas separately, the relations between all cognitive ratings seemed to vary. Further, not all cognitive aspects had an equal predicting value for aesthetic preference. Moreover, this predicting value appeared to vary between different landscape vistas. The groups of interrelated cognitive aspects could not be associated consistently with theoretical concepts. The results demonstrated the inconsistencies existing between the contents of the theoretical concepts and the indicators found within the landscape. The findings argued for the necessity to distinguish between different ratings and landscape types instead of using unitary preference measures and generalized data when studying landscape preference.     

中国城市土地市场有效性的实证研究

将有效市场假说应用于我国城市土地市场中,利用全国土地交易价格指数,采用序列相关检验、游程检验和方差比检验3种方法分别对我国城市土地市场的弱式有效性进行了实证检验,一致得出我国城市土地市场尚未达到弱式有效的结论.提出了对策建议:①营造公平、公开、公正的土地市场环境,发挥市场在配置土地资源方面的基础性作用.②打破对一级土地市场的垄断,构建城乡一体化的土地市场.③构建完善的土地市场指数系统,强化信息基础平台建设.     

Indicators of visual scale as predictors of landscape preference; a comparison between groups

Landscape change alters the visual scale of agricultural landscapes, as production units get larger and strips of taller vegetation are removed between smaller units. Visual scale, defined as the perceptual units reflecting the experience of landscape rooms, visibility and openness, is considered a key factor shaping landscape preference. The visual expression of landscapes affects people in many ways; aesthetic appreciation, health and well being. In order to understand how landscape changes alter the visual scale of landscapes, and hence its effect on human beings, it is important to establish efficient and practical ways of measuring visual scale and its relation to landscape preferences. This paper presents an empirical test of the ability to predict landscape preference of two photo-based indicators of visual scale; percentage open land in the view and size of landscape rooms. A preference survey was conducted with two groups of respondents; a student group from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) and a public group. The student group was chosen to represent future landscape professionals. Photos of landscapes varying in the expression of visual scale were shown to survey respondents, who were asked to give scores according to how much they liked the landscapes. Both indicators were found to be predictors of preference for the student group, but not for the public group. The results demonstrate that student preferences do not reflect the landscape preferences of the wider public. The different appreciation of visual scale in the landscape of future landscape professionals and the public implies that experts wanting to reflect preferences of the wider public should be cautious when evaluating the visual impact of landscape change.     

中国避暑旅居城市指标体系构建与分类评价

依据避暑旅居的内涵与特点,从环境质量、服务需求、旅游资源和市场潜力4个维度构建了我国避暑旅居指标体系,并运用多维度综合评价法对我国25个主要城市的避暑旅居潜力进行了研究。结果发现:不同城市的避暑旅居潜力差异较大,生态环境质量、旅游资源丰富性、地区经济水平、交通区位条件、服务接待能力和游客感知水平等是避暑旅居潜力大小的主要影响因素。通过对分类评价潜力模型的分析,提出各自的发展方向与建议。     

宝鸡市生态城市建设评价

结合生态城市的相关理论和不同学者的研究,遵循生态城市评价指标选择的原则和研究区域的实际情况,从经济、社会和自然三方面建立了宝鸡市生态城市建设的评价指标体系。通过采用熵权法确定各评价指标的权值,对宝鸡市近几年的生态城市建设进行了简要评价。结果表明,2004—2008年宝鸡市的生态城市建设十分成功,但在集中力量建设生态环境的同时,忽略了对城市的经济建设,使宝鸡市的经济结构开始出现不合理现象。建议宝鸡市在大力建设生态城市的同时,要集中力量在经济建设方面,以达到自然、经济与社会和谐发展的目的。