于田绿洲生态脆弱带土地利用/覆被变化的动态变化研究

通过遥感与GIS技术，研究了lOa间于田地区的土地覆盖类型变化，通过对于田绿洲生态脆弱带的预警线提取，分析了该地区的生态脆弱带的开发利用现状，有针对性地提出相应的绿洲生态脆弱带生态环境建设的建议和保护措施。     

干早区绿洲形成演变与开发利用研究

绿洲是我国西北干旱区所特有。绿洲在干旱区所占面积虽少，却是干旱区人民赖以生存的场所。绿洲不仅是荒漠中的奇观，也是人类进军荒漠的大本营。目前，干旱区绿洲尚处在开发利用的初期，而水土矛盾和环境劣变问题已突出地摆在了开发者面前。因此，有必要对绿洲进行系统的研究，并从其形成演变的规律中探讨合理开发利用的途径。     

干旱区绿洲生态环境建设之途径--以新疆阿克苏绿洲为例

本文以干旱区绿洲的特定地域条件和干旱区绿洲的表现特征为对象，介绍了处于塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘的阿克苏绿洲的状况，对干旱区绿洲的共性及存在的主要环境问题做了分析阐述。认为在实施西部大开发战略中，扩大绿洲面积、加快生态环境建设力度；建立生态环境补偿机制，动用政策、经济、技术的手段；合理调配绿洲种植结构，全面推广节水农业；提高水土资源合理开发利用与有效保护。这些途径将有助于绿洲生态环境的改善。     

可持续发展的新疆绿洲及其农业

本节通过论述绿洲可持续发展的必要性,探讨新疆绿洲经营的问题,并在探讨绿洲持续发展的一般条件的基础上,阐述农业与绿洲保护的关系,并探索了新疆农业可持续发展的近期目标与措施。1实施绿洲可持续发展的必要性绿洲是干旱区及半干旱区特有的景观,寓于荒漠,异于荒漠。在干旱区三大子系统中,山地是基础,集结、提供水源;绿洲是核心,是干旱区生物和人类生活聚集区;而荒漠是水资源散失区,是绿洲存在的屏障和发展的后备基地。没有绿洲,就没有干旱区人类生存和发展的空间,而人类在不断利用和改造自然的过程中,大量吸收、转化系统中…     

干旱区绿洲生态环境的保护与建设策略初探

干旱区的农业生态环境问题,实为绿洲的生态环境问题。在干旱区,农业活动均以绿洲为依托。绿洲与荒漠的景观迥异,但两者却又互为依存,并依一定条件互向其对立面转化,因而,了解绿洲的特殊属性及其与荒漠的依存与转化关系,对此区农业生态环境资源利用与保护,将有重要现实意义。本文据近年对干旱区的研究的一些资料,从生态学角度探讨当前敏感的环境问题,就沙化过程逆转的绿洲保护与建设策略进行分析。     

“干旱区绿洲生态与环境”学术讨论会征文通知

“干旱区绿洲生态与环境”学术讨论会征文通知新疆生态学学会第一届理事会第二次会议，决定于１９９４年８—９月召开“干旱区绿洲生态与环境”学术讨论会，会议以推动干旱区绿洲生态农业的发展，探讨干旱区绿洲生态农业的低投入高产出的优化模式，在保护好绿洲生态环境资...     

干旱区绿洲农业生态系统特征及持续发展关键问题

干旱区绿洲农业生态系统特征及持续发展关键问题袁国映（新疆环境保护科学研究所乌鲁木齐８３００１１）干旱区绿洲大农业生态系统是在原有的自然绿洲荒漠戈壁上，经过人类开垦和长期的灌溉耕作形成的。绿洲农业在我国已有二、三千年以上的历史，随着历史上经济的发展，已...     

干旱区绿洲土地利用与经济协调发展能力研究——以武威市为例

在构建绿洲土地利用与经济协调发展评价模型的基础上,分析了武威市土地利用与经济的协调发展态势.结果表明,1998-2007年武威市土地利用与经济系统协调程度不高,协调发展度指数总体趋势上升;土地利用与经济耦合系统经历了由轻度失调衰退类经济损益型向勉强协调发展类经济滞后型的演进.该方法具有较强的可操作性,可为干旱区土地资源管理与开发利用决策提供参考依据.     

绿洲与生态农业及其持续发展

绿洲是干旱区的自然体，它既受干旱荒漠生态系统的全局性制约，亦反馈于全局。从局部与全局关系出发，绿洲的变化趋势，对当前人口资源与环境问题必将发生影响。绿洲生态系统本身又具有相对独立性和明显的整体性，绿洲的结构与功能将制约着绿洲农业，故绿洲与农业的持续发展应是相一致的。生态农业是我国实现持续农业行之有效的模式，因而，在绿洲推行生态衣业，将使农业的持续发展得到贯彻，亦必然是绿洲持续发展的可靠保证。     

新疆的绿洲与生态环境

干旱荒漠区绿洲是人类繁衍生息场所，社会、经济、资源、环境、人口综合作用的载体。把绿洲建设成经济繁荣、环境优美、文明富裕的综合体，必须不断探索、总结干旱区新疆绿洲经济、生态环境的优化结构与机制，保护、改善绿洲生态环境，促进经济、生态环境持续、协调的发展。     

Modeling Change-Pattern-Value Dynamics on Land Use: An Integrated GIS and Artificial Neural Networks Approach

The use of spatial methods to detect and characterize changes in land use has been attracting increasing attention from researchers. The objectives of this article were to formulate the dynamics of land use on the temporal and spatial dimensions from the perspectives of the Change-Pattern-Value (CPV) and driving mechanism, based on multitemporal remote sensing data and socioeconomic data. The Artificial Neural Networks were used to identify the factors driving changes in land use. The Pearl River Delta Region of southeast China, which was experiencing rapid economic growth and widespread land conversion, has been selected as the study region. The results show that from 1985 to 2000 in the study region (1) the most prominent characteristics of change in land use were the expansion of the urban land at the expense of farmland, forests, and grasslands, (2) the land-use pattern was being optimized during this period, (3) in an analysis of value, built-up land can yield a return of more than 30 times that of farmland, water area, and forests lands, and (4) rapid economic development, growth in population, and the development of an infrastructure were major driving factors behind ecological land loss and the nonecological land expansion.     

基于RS与GIS的福建省土地利用动态变化研究

利用1996年和2001年2期1：10万TM假彩色影像资料，采用人机交互目视解译方法，分析了福建省5年的土地利用动态特征。结果表明，土地利用的变化主要表现在林地、耕地的减少和草地、城镇建设用地的增加；5年间，城镇建设用地的年变化率最大，因此。加强林地保护，提高耕地质量，合理控制建设用地规模是切实可行的土地利用对策。     

水源保护区土地利用的时空变化分析——以昆明市松花坝为例

以昆明市松花坝水源保护区为典型区，选取1992年、2001年两期的遥感影像资料对该地区土地利用的时空变化进行了研究。采用监督分类方法对研究区土地利用类型进行分类，发现从1982-2001年林地面积呈明显减少趋势。最后进行驱动力分析，为今后该区的水源地保护提供指导。     

REMOTE SENSING OF RIPARIAN BUFFERS: PAST PROGRESS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS1

Riparian buffer zone management is an area of increasing relevance as human modification of the landscape continues unabated. Land and water resource managers are continually challenged to maintain stream ecosystem integrity and water quality in the context of rapidly changing land use, which often offsets management gains. Approaches are needed not only to map vegetation cover in riparian zones, but also to monitor the changes taking place, target restoration activities, and assess the success of previous management actions. To date, these objectives have been difficult to meet using traditional techniques based on aerial photos and field visits, particularly over large areas. Recent advances in remote sensing have the potential to substantially aid buffer zone management. Very high resolution imagery is now available that allows detailed mapping and monitoring of buffer zone vegetation and provides a basis for consistent assessments using moderately high resolution remote sensing (e.g., Landsat). Laser‐based remote sensing is another advance that permits even more detailed information on buffer zone properties, such as refined topographic derivatives and multidimensional vegetation structure. These sources of image data and map information are reviewed in this paper, examples of their application to riparian buffer mapping and stream health assessment are provided, and future prospects for improved buffer monitoring are discussed.     

Land use change analysis in the Zhujiang Delta of China using satellite remote sensing,GIS and stochastic modelling

Rapid land use change has taken place in many coastal regions of China such as the Zhujiang Delta over the past two decades due to accelerated industrialization and urbanization. In this paper, land use change dynamics were investigated by the combined use of satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and stochastic modelling technologies. The results indicated that there has been a notable and uneven urban growth and a tremendous loss in cropland between 1989 and 1997. The land use change process has shown no sign of becoming stable. The study demonstrates that the integration of satellite remote sensing and GIS was an effective approach for analyzing the direction, rate, and spatial pattern of land use change. The further integration of these two technologies with Markov modelling was found to be beneficial in describing and analyzing land use change process.     

From land cover change to land function dynamics: a major challenge to improve land characterization

Land cover change has always had a central role in land change science. This central role is largely the result of the possibilities to map and characterize land cover based on observations and remote sensing. This paper argues that more attention should be given to land use and land functions and linkages between these. Consideration of land functions that provide a wide range of goods and services makes more integrated assessments of land change possible. The increasing attention to multifunctional land use is another incentive to develop methods to assess changes in land functions. A number of methods to quantify and map the spatial extent of land use and land functions are discussed and the implications for modeling are identified based on recent model approaches in land change science. The mixed use of land cover, land use and land function in maps and models leads to inconsistencies in land change assessments. Explicit attention to the non-linear relations between land cover, land use and land function is essential to consistently address land change. New methods to map and quantify land function dynamics will enhance our ability to understand and model land system change and adequately inform policies and planning.     

基于RS与GIS的规划用地生态适宜性评价

利用遥感影像获取研究区土地利用类型,并运用GIS空间分析功能,分析了影响开发区规划用地生态适宜性的7个因子,并以此对生态适宜性进行综合评价,得到了定量化的评价结果,为区域规划奠定了基础。     

Soil erosion and non-point source pollution impacts assessment with the aid of multi-temporal remote sensing images

Soil erosion associated with non-point source pollution is viewed as a process of land degradation in many terrestrial environments. Careful monitoring and assessment of land use variations with different temporal and spatial scales would reveal a fluctuating interface, punctuated by changes in rainfall and runoff, movement of people, perturbation from environmental disasters, and shifts in agricultural activities and cropping patterns. The use of multi-temporal remote sensing images in support of environmental modeling analysis in a geographic information system (GIS) environment leading to identification of a variety of long-term interactions between land, resources, and the built environment has been a highly promising approach in recent years. This paper started with a series of supervised land use classifications, using SPOT satellite imagery as a means, in the Kao-Ping River Basin, South Taiwan. Then, it was designed to differentiate the variations of eight land use patterns in the past decade, including orchard, farmland, sugarcane field, forest, grassland, barren, community, and water body. Final accuracy was confirmed based on interpretation of available aerial photographs and global positioning system (GPS) measurements. Finally, a numerical simulation model (General Watershed Loading Function, GWLF) was used to relate soil erosion to non-point source pollution impacts in the coupled land and river water systems. Research findings indicate that while the decadal increase in orchards poses a significant threat to water quality, the continual decrease in forested land exhibits a potential impact on water quality management. Non-point source pollution, contributing to part of the downstream water quality deterioration of the Kao-Ping River system in the last decade, has resulted in an irreversible impact on land integrity from a long-term perspective.     

梁子湖自然保护区土地利用/土地覆盖动态变化研究

基于梁子湖自然保护区1987年和2004年Landsat-TM影像遥感数据，在Erdas Imagine 8．5图像处理软件的支持下，结合野外实地考察，获得了土地利用现状图，通过对数据的统计分析，研究了保护区近20年来土地利用／土地覆盖的动态变化。研究表明：耕地和水域是保护区内的主要土地利用类型；近20年来，耕地、园地、林地、草地的面积都有减少，其中耕地面积减少了2320．816hm^2，减少比例达到11．78％，是面积减少最多的土地利用类型；居民点、交通、水域用地有所增加，其中池塘面积变化最大，增幅达到213．4％，是面积增加最多的土地利用类型，居民点用地增加了551．18hm^2，增幅达到59．07％，是增长幅度较大的土地利用类型。变化的原因主要是经济的发展、人口数量的增长和旅游业的发展。     

Land-Use and Land-Cover Change and Farmer Vulnerability in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in Southwestern China

This study investigated land-use and land-cover change in three hamlets and two state rubber farms in the Nan-e watershed of the Xishuangbanna prefecture of Yunnan province in Southwestern China. The overall objective of the study was to understand how state policies affected land use and land cover and how changes in these variables affected farmer vulnerability to economic, social, and political events. Emphasis was placed on the cultivation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), promoted in southern Yunnan province since the 1950s as a means to meet the demands of rapid economic development. The study combined remote sensing analysis with secondary data and in-field interviews in order to understand the coupling between land-use and land-cover change and farmer vulnerability in light of the geographic, historical, and sociopolitical situation.