零价纳米铁在修复受污染地下水中的最新进展

本文针对零价纳米铁(nZVI)在修复受污染地下水中存在的易于团聚、迁移性低及易于老化等问题,详细介绍了近年在这些问题研究上的最新进展,包括材料的改性,改性材料对污染物降解的效果及研究中不同因素的影响等。并就nZVI对难降解复杂有机污染物的降解进行了总结,在此基础上展望了nZVI对一类新兴污染物,药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)的降解。     

基于零价铁(ZVI)的化学还原修复技术

介绍了零价铁的性质特点以及基于零价铁的化学还原技术在污染土壤和地下水修复中的应用,着重介绍了其反应机理、影响因素,并通过中试研究验证了该技术对于氯化脂肪族化合物(CAHs)污染地下水的修复效果。     

纳米零价铁在石油污染场地中的应用研究

近年来，纳米零价铁（nZVⅠ）凭借其反应活性强等优势被广泛应用于石油污染场地修复研究。文章结合国内外研究情况，针对氯代烃污染物的修复机理作了阐述，分析了nZVⅠ的制备方式、改性优化等方面内容，重点阐述了nZVⅠ在原位修复过程中存在的典型问题及应用研究现状。电爆炸法作为一种低成本、可批量 生产的方法，同时通过固体负载、表面修饰等改性手段开发新型nZVⅠ材料，是nZVⅠ工程应用的有效手段。鉴于nZVⅠ及其改性材料具有成本低、扰动小、用途广等特点，该类材料在石油污染场地风险控制及修复治理中有较大的研究潜力与应用价值。     

“混凝沉淀+纳米零价铁”处理印刷电路板生产废水中试研究

提出一种新纳米零价铁反应器(Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Reactor,简称NIR)及"混凝沉淀+纳米零价铁"处理工艺,通过实际生产废水进行中试,考察和研究该工艺和NIR技术处理江苏省某市印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board,简称PCB)工业园区废水的效果。结果表明,此工艺对PCB生产废水中Cu、TP及COD Cr去除率分别可达到97.3%、73.7%、26%,其中Cu处理效果最佳;XRD结果表明,纳米零价铁(Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron,nZVI)与PCB生产废水反应后含有γ-Fe2O3、Fe3O4、γ-FeOOH、CuO、Cu2O、Cu0等产物。"混凝沉淀+纳米零价铁"工艺处理废水时具有处理效果好、工艺耐冲击性能好、产泥量小、不易造成二次污染等优点。     

零价铁还原脱氮技术研究进展

针对生物脱氮技术的缺点,对单纯零价铁及零价铁与生物耦合还原脱氮的效果、反应条件以及减少零价铁钝化现象的方法等进行了综述,以期为现有的污水处理厂升级改造提供理论依据和设计运行参数参考。同时为零价铁与生物耦合系统的研究方向提出了建议。     

弱磁场强化零价铁对水中偶氮染料脱色降解的作用初探

本文以橙黄Ⅰ、橙黄Ⅱ、橙黄Ⅳ和日落黄4种偶氮染料为目标染料,首次尝试利用外加弱磁场(~20 mT)的方法来强化零价铁脱色降解偶氮染料。结果表明加磁或不加磁时反应过程均符合一级反应动力学。在磁场的存在下,4种偶氮染料的降解速率都较不加磁场时有很大的提高,提高倍数分别为110.67、111.97、59.51和94.00。弱磁场对零价铁降解偶氮染料的促进作用可能是由于外加磁场所产生的洛伦兹力以及零价铁表面产生的感应磁场所产生的磁场梯度力促进了Fe2+的释放,加快了零价铁的腐蚀,促进零价铁释放更多电子和新生态氢,加速了—N=N—键的断裂,从而强化了染料的脱色降解。     

活性炭负载纳米零价铁去除水中高氯酸盐研究

如何有效去除水中高氯酸盐,解决普通零价铁去除效果不佳和易被氧化等缺点是本研究的主要出发点。采用浸润法制备活性炭负载纳米零价铁复合材料,运用扫描电镜对复合材料进行表征,考察了不同条件下复合材料对高氯酸盐的去除效果,并分析了去除机理。研究结果表明:高氯酸盐去除效果在一定范围内随着材料含铁量的增加而升高;高氯酸盐去除效果与其初始浓度呈负相关;pH=5时,去除效果最好;共存阴离子对去除效果具有一定抑制作用;溶液中高氯酸根最终被复合材料(nZVI-GAC)还原成无毒Cl-。     

反硝化细菌对零价铁表面的影响

作为一种标准的地下水污染原位修复技术,限制零价铁渗透反应格栅技术(ZVI PRB)在地下水污染修复中广泛应用的一个关键瓶颈就是ZVI表面的钝化问题.本文通过批实验,研究了反硝化细菌(DNBE)存在下ZVI表面氧化膜的变化.通过研究发现,DNBE的存在对ZVI表面成分和形态结构会产生影响,进而影响其反应活性,加速其钝化过程.     

可渗透反应墙的研究与发展现状

原位修复技术可渗透反应墙(Permeable Reactive Barrier,PRB),不仅经济有效、节约土地资源,而且对环境干扰小,不占用地面空间,可以实现地下水的持续原位修复,因此,有着良好的应用前景。综述了PRB的结构类型;介绍了PRB的国内外研究现状;零价铁PRB去除污染物的作用效果及机理;同时也分析了目前PRB存在的一些问题,对可渗透反应墙未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

零价金属还原降解水中污染物的应用研究综述

介绍了零价金属在处理环境污染物中的具体应用，包括卤代有机物、重金属、硝基芳香族化合物、偶氮染料、高氯酸盐以及硝酸盐等，指出零价金属可以通过还原和混凝吸附等作用有效地治理环境污染物，并分析了零价金属处理污染物的特点和应用前景。     

纳米零价铁去除磷酸盐机理研究

纳米零价铁(nanoscale zero-valent iron,nZVI)颗粒具有独特核-壳结构,使其具有较强氧化还原特性,比表面积大和表面活性高等特点,因此被广泛用于不同环境介质中多种污染物的去除修复。本研究采用传统的液相化学还原法合成nZVI颗粒并用于去除水溶液中的磷酸盐。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征nZVI颗粒的性质。实验研究了nZVI投加量、PO3-4初始浓度、溶液初始pH值对nZVI去除PO3-4效率的影响及微米零价铁(micro-ZVI)和nZVI去除PO3-4的对比。实验结果表明,当PO3-4初始浓度为20mg/L时,随着nZVI投加量从200mg/L增加到1000mg/L,PO3-4去除效率从32.94%上升到90.17%;当nZVI投加量为600mg/L时,随着PO3-4初始浓度从10mg/L增加到100mg/L,PO3-4去除效率从87.33%下降到45.77%;当nZVI投加量为600mg/L且PO3-4初始浓度为20mg/L,溶液pH分别为3和4时,PO3-4去除效率分别为83.63%和92.36%;nZVI和mZVI投加量均为600mg/L且PO3-4初始浓度为10mg/L,nZVI的PO3-4去除率(87.33%)是mZVI(8.86%)的9.86倍。研究结果表明,nZVI能够高效去除水体中的磷酸盐,主要去除机理是吸附和化学沉淀的双重作用。     

Reductive dechlorination of activated carbon-adsorbed trichloroethylene by zero-valent iron: carbon as electron shuttle

Sequestration of organic contaminants in carbonaceous materials can significantly affect contaminant fate and transport. We investigated the reductive dechlorination of granular-activated carbon (GAC)-adsorbed trichloroethylene (TCE) by nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) to understand the effect of sequestration on abiotic reactivity of organic contaminants. Significant reduction of TCE sequestered in GAC micropores was observed, even though direct contact with nZVI was unlikely. Reduction of sequestered TCE by reactive Fe(II) species or molecular hydrogen was ruled out as the reaction mechanisms. We propose that GAC served as the conductor for the transfer of electrons or atomic hydrogen from nZVI to the micropores, wherein adsorbed TCE molecules were reduced. An important implication for environmental remediation is that carbonaceous adsorbents not only function as a superb sink for organic contaminants but also allow them to be slowly degraded while being trapped.     

树脂纳米零价铁催化过硫酸钠降解甲基橙的研究

采用树脂负载零价纳米铁（NZVI-resin）作为铁源,活化过硫酸钠,产生硫酸根自由基氧化降解偶氮染料甲基橙。考察了温度、NZVI-resin加入量、pH值及过硫酸钠的浓度等因素对甲基橙降解率的影响,并对其降解动力学规律作了初步探讨。结果表明：降解反应遵循准一级反应动力学,在pH=3.0、Fe0=0.2 g.L-1、Na2S2O8=1.33 g.L-1的条件下,30 mg.L-1的甲基橙溶液降解率为99.7%。     

Heavy metals removal and hydraulic performance in zero-valent iron/pumice permeable reactive barriers

Long-term behaviour is a major issue related to the use of zero-valent iron (ZVI) in permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation; in fact, in several published cases the hydraulic conductivity and removal efficiency were progressively reduced during operation, potentially compromising the functionality of the barrier. To solve this problem, the use of granular mixtures of ZVI and natural pumice has recently been proposed. This paper reports the results of column tests using aqueous nickel and copper solutions of various concentrations. Three configurations of reactive material (ZVI only, granular mixture of ZVI and pumice, and pumice and ZVI in series) are discussed. The results clearly demonstrate that iron-pumice granular mixtures perform well both in terms of contaminant removal and in maintaining the long-term hydraulic conductivity. Comparison with previous reports concerning copper removal by ZVI/sand mixtures reveals higher performance in the case of ZVI/pumice.     

零价铁活化过硫酸盐降解污水中萘普生的研究

为了提高零价铁(ZVI)活化过硫酸盐(PS)的ZVI/PS体系对有机污染物萘普生(NAP)处理的技术水平,即实现对污水中NAP的有效降解.采用对比试验,通过设置不同投加量的PS与ZVI的方式,观察在不同酸碱度条件下NAP的降解量.研究结果表明,酸性条件下,当PS投加量为0.5mM或ZVI投加量为1.50mM时,NAP的...     

Zerovalent iron nanoparticles for treatment of ground water contaminated by hexachlorocyclohexanes

Ground water and aquifer samples from a site contaminated by hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs; C(6)H(6)Cl(6)) were exposed to nanoscale iron particles to evaluate the technology as a potential remediation method. The summed concentration of the HCH isomers in ground water was approximately 5.16 micromol L(-1) (1500 microg L(-1)). Batch experiments with 2.2 to 27.0 g L(-1) iron nanoparticles showed that more than 95% of the HCHs were removed from solution within 48 h. Using a pseudo first-order kinetics model, the HCH isomers were removed in accordance with the trend gamma congruent with alpha > beta > delta. This seems to be correlated with the orientation (axial vs. equatorial) of the chlorine atoms lost in the dihaloelimination steps. Although the reactivity of the HCH isomers has been investigated in the classical organic chemistry literature, the present study was the first in the environmental remediation arena. The rate of removal is directly correlated to the number of axial chlorines. The observed rate constant varied from 0.04 to 0.65 h(-1), and the rate constant normalized to the iron surface area concentration ranged from 5.4 x 10(-4) to 8.8 x 10(-4) L m(-2) h(-1). Post-test extractions of the reactor contents detected little HCH remaining in solution or on the iron surfaces, reinforcing the contention that reaction rather than sorption was the operative mechanism for the HCH removal. Together with previously published work on a wide variety of chlorinated organic solvents, this work further demonstrates the potential of zerovalent iron nanoparticles for treatment and remediation of persistent organic pollutants.     

EFE-1100回转切换定位反吹风旁插扁袋除尘器在济钢原料厂汽车受料槽除尘系统的应用

EFE-1100旁插扁袋除尘器采用一个电动回转切换阀实现对各室依次进行定位反吹清灰。具有结构紧凑、机构简单、组装灵活、换袋方便、维护量小、控制自动化、运行可靠等特点,在原料厂汽车受料槽、一炼铁铁水罐间、第二烧结厂原料场等除尘系统中广泛应用,均取得了明显的效果,以原料厂为例将除尘器的设计及应用做详细的介绍。     

Impact of sample preparation on mineralogical analysis of zero-valent iron reactive barrier materials

Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) of zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) are increasingly being used to remediate contaminated ground water. Corrosion of Fe(0) filings and the formation of precipitates can occur when the PRB material comes in contact with ground water and may reduce the lifespan and effectiveness of the barrier. At present, there are no routine procedures for preparing and analyzing the mineral precipitates from Fe(0) PRB material. These procedures are needed because mineralogical composition of corrosion products used to interpret the barrier processes can change with iron oxidation and sample preparation. The objectives of this study were (i) to investigate a method of preparing Fe(0) reactive barrier material for mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and (ii) to identify Fe mineral phases and rates of transformations induced by different mineralogical preparation techniques. Materials from an in situ Fe(0) PRB were collected by undisturbed coring and processed for XRD analysis after different times since sampling for three size fractions and by various drying treatments. We found that whole-sample preparation for analysis was necessary because mineral precipitates occurred within the PRB material in different size fractions of the samples. Green rusts quickly disappeared from acetone-dried samples and were not present in air-dried and oven-dried samples. Maghemite/magnetite content increased over time and in oven-dried samples, especially after heating to 105 degrees C. We conclude that care must be taken during sample preparation of Fe(0) PRB material, especially for detection of green rusts, to ensure accurate identification of minerals present within the barrier system.