准东工业园区大气污染物对区域内敏感地带的影响研究

本文通过整理准东工业园区2014年度规模以上企业大气污染物排放清单,利用大气污染扩散模型,模拟2014年准东区域规模以上企业排放对周边敏感区域的影响。结果表明:2014年度规模以上企业排放的SO_2、NO_2对各个敏感点均存在影响。其中SO_2排放贡献最高的为北三电厂,贡献浓度为12.3μg/m~3,其次是五彩湾镇,贡献浓度为12.0μg/m~3,其余敏感点位贡献浓度均小于10μg/m~3。NO_2排放贡献最高的敏感点位亦为北三电厂,贡献浓度为8.72μg/m~3,其次是五彩湾镇,贡献浓度为8.69μg/m~3,其余敏感点位贡献浓度均小于8μg/m~3。现有企业为卡山保护局、五彩湾调蓄水库、奇台硅化木、五彩湾服务区等点位首要污染因素。     

亲身体验——环境教育的有效途径

教育学意义上的“体验”既是一种活动过程，也是一种活动结果。作为一种活动过程，指学生亲身经历某事，并获得相应的认识和情感；作为一种活动结果，指学生从其亲历中获得认识结果和情感体验。因此，学校和老师要创设学生亲身体验的环境和机会让学生在‘做中学”，在实践中体验。这种体验不单指用耳朵听，用手去做，更强调用脑想，用心去体会，要调动全部感官系统和思维机器，全身心地投入，从而达到行为和认知的统一。     

2008福州市环境保护宣传教育工作进展

环境保护事业在不断地发展，形势喜人，给环保工作提出了新的要求，环保宣教工作也面临新的机遇和挑战。福州市在多年的环境保护宣传教育工作实践和探索中，积累了一定的经验和做法，但同时，我们更希望能借鉴更多先进的经验和做法，不断总结和提高，更多地发现和把握环保宣教工作的特点和规律，更好地服务于环保事业的发展大局。以下为我市环保宣教工作的一些经验和做法：     

含油污泥的处理与利用

石油开采和加工过程中产生的含油污泥，带有有害物质和较高的热值，既需处理又可综合利用，这是一个复杂而又重要的课题。当前，我国含油污泥处理与利用和国外先进水平有较大差距，处理装置技术落后，不配套，多数污泥未进行无害化处理，造成了环境污染和能源资源的浪费。在收集了大量资料的基础上，列举了含油污泥的性质及危害。“九五”期间应积极开展先进工艺设备的引进推广工作，特别在含油污泥的脱水干燥、污油回收和绿化利用上，可推广江汉、中原油田的先进工艺设备，使含油污泥达到无害化乃至变废为宝。     

浅层地能

浅层地能，是指地壳下近表层数百米内的土壤、砂石和地下水中所蕴藏的低温可再生能源。其能量主要来源于太阳辐射，是太阳能的另一种存在形式。这种低温热能，尤其适用于住宅和办公楼房以及其他公共场所的堡棼碧制冷。较之深层地热，浅层地能分布广泛，储量巨大，再生迅速，采集方便，投资和风险较少，开发利用价值非常大。     

新疆融雪措施对环境的影响及其防治对策

随着国民经济的飞速发展，促进和带动了城市化发展，在我国北方寒冷地区城市中，积雪对城市发展和交通安全运营的制约因素越来越受到各界人士的关注。有关部门引进并使用融雪剂去除冰雪，融雪剂在提高清除积雪效率的同时，也给城市的基础设施和生态环境带来潜在危害。为了正确合理的使用融雪剂，了解融雪剂的特性和它的融雪机理是十分必要的，在此基础上提出减轻危害的对策，为今后正确使用融雪剂提供参考依据。     

《国家重点保护野生植物名录（第一批）》

形态特征 多年生草本，高10-30厘米；根状茎短而直立或斜升，连同叶柄和叶轴密被覆瓦状鳞片；鳞片大，卵状披针形，棕色或老时苍白色，边缘具细锯齿状睫毛。分布在高山冻荒漠带，由于强烈的寒冻和物理风化作用，地形多为裸岩、峭壁和碎石构成流石滩，即高山冰川下延的地段。高山热量不足，辐射强烈，风力强劲，昼夜温差大，气候严寒恶劣。流石滩常处在冰雪覆盖和冰冻状态，仅有短暂的暖季（7-8月），当地表解冻消融后，     

透视橡皮人“无梦”的生命

“橡皮人”在都市职场逐渐走红，他们“没有神经，没有痛感，没有效率，没有反应。整个人犹如橡皮做成的，不接受任何新生事物和意见，对批评表扬无所谓，没有耻辱和荣誉感。”     

浅析电镀含铜和含镍污泥的资源化回收工艺

电镀污泥中含有大量重金属，属于危险废物，但经恰当处理，对金属进行回收，可产生一定的经济效益和环境效益，其中的铜和镍最具有回收价值。本文简述了电镀含铜和含镍污泥的资源化回收工艺，并对其中的物料平衡和金属平衡作了分析。     

国际履约，承担我们的职责——环境合作对外项目履约进展

1、提前实现CFCs和哈龙淘汰目标。经过精心组织，周密安排，政策到位、措施有力，2007年7月1日，我国全面停止了CFCs和哈龙两种最主要消耗臭氧层物质的生产和进口，率先在发展中国家提前两年半完成淘汰目标，兑现了中国政府的庄严承诺。国家环保总局、联合国环境规划署和世界银行联合召开．总结大会，向世界宣布这一重大成果。     

深沪湾地质公园地质遗迹景观特征及开发思路

深沪湾地质公园旅游地学资源十分丰富,拥有国家海洋自然保护区--深沪湾海底古森林和古牡蛎礁等地质遗迹.通过对深沪湾地质景观的特征描述,提出了以可持续发展思想为指导,以维护最佳生态环境为目标的地质公园规划原则及开发思路.     

Perceived landscape impacts of mobile telecommunications development in the Peak District National Park,England

This study explored the public perceptions of mobile telecommunications development – new landscape elements installed to deliver new technology – in a protected area. It examined: (1) the perceived landscape impacts of such development; (2) the importance attached to the socio-economic value of mobile telecommunications; and (3) the factors underlying the perceived landscape impacts of mobile telecommunications development. A postal questionnaire survey was conducted in the Peak District National Park, England with 420 respondents drawn from National Park residents and visitors, urban dwellers and members of environmental organisations. The study suggests that: (1) there was a prevailing antipathy towards the landscape impacts of mobile telecommunications development in the National Park; (2) apart from emergency uses, the other socio-economic benefits of mobile telecommunications technology were thought to be relatively unimportant in the National Park; and (3) rather than socio-demographic characteristics, it was respondents' understandings of protected areas' needs for the technology and potential health risks that had significant effects on the perceived landscape impacts. Overall, this study suggests that the significance of National Park landscapes is respected by the public, even when setalongside the convenience of modern technology, which has substantial implications for landscape planning and management in protected areas.     

Who Visits a National Park and What do They Get Out of It?: A Joint Visitor Cluster Analysis and Travel Cost Model for Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park visitor data were obtained from a survey collected for the National Park Service by the Park Studies Unit at the University of Idaho. Travel cost models have been conducted for national parks in the United States; however, this study builds on these studies and investigates how benefits vary by types of visitors who participate in different activities while at the park. Visitor clusters were developed based on activities in which a visitor participated while at the park. The clusters were analyzed and then incorporated into a travel cost model to determine the economic value (consumer surplus) that the different visitor groups received from visiting the park. The model was estimated using a zero-truncated negative binomial regression corrected for endogenous stratification. The travel cost price variable was estimated using both 1/3 and 1/4 the wage rate to test for sensitivity to opportunity cost specification. The average benefit across all visitor cluster groups was estimated at between $235 and $276 per person per trip. However, per trip benefits varied substantially across clusters; from $90 to $103 for the “value picnickers,” to $185–$263 for the “backcountry enthusiasts,” $189–$278 for the “do it all adventurists,” $204–$303 for the “windshield tourists,” and $323–$714 for the “creature comfort” cluster group.     

Water quality standards: Everglades National Park

Water quality criteria were developed for delivery waters to Everglades National Park. The park receives a minimum of 12.34 m³/sec (315,000 acre-ft/yr) of water from controlled sources external to its boundary. These waters often originate from areas that are or potentially are impacted from urban and agricultural developments. When, in 1970, the U.S. Congress guaranteed minimum water deliveries to Everglades National Park, it also required that these waters be of good quality.The Everglades National Park water quality data base was analyzed from 1970 to 1978 at both in-park and water delivery sites to determine the current level of delivery water quality and to select representative delivery sites. It was found that current delivery water quality was sufficiently high to be adopted as criteria against which future water quality could be compared. From the delivery sites S-12C and L-67A all data were combined from 1970–1978 for 36 parameters including macronutrients, heavy metals, and field parameters such as DO, pH, and specific conductance. Mean concentrations and upper limits were computed and tabulated for comparison during future monitoring programs. These criteria were subsequently adopted through a joint memorandum of agreement between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Florida Water Management District and the U.S. National Park Service.     

Change in a petrified forest and implications towards management

The Gallatin Petrified Forest of Montana, USA, is a unique resource. The extensive area of the fossil forests, the numerous petrified trees in upright positions, and the large number of vertical layers of “successive” forests are unparalleled in the world. Collection by permit is permitted, but damage to the petrified forest by indiscriminate collection occurs. To assess the impact, a comparative examination of replicate (over 13 yr) photography of selected specimens was undertaken. The amount of change over time, the possible cause of change, and the relationship of the location of the specimen to that amount of change were determined. It was found that although considerable loss continues, impacts prior to a 1973 collection policy were most severe. There was more loss by natural erosion than by collection, but the collections are additive to the natural changes. Size of petrified outcrops and the steepness of the slope on which they were found did correlate with the amount of natural change occurring over time. Human-induced change was associated with the distance of the outcrops from the main trailheads and the specimen size. This method provides a tool with which to monitor impacts and develop a future policy aimed towards conservation of a unique resource in light of the need for appreciative recreation and some specimen collection. Recommended changes in present management policy are provided.     

Effects of sheep and goat grazing on the species diversity in the alpine meadows of Western Himalaya

This paper deals with effects of sheep and goat grazing on plant species diversity, species richness and species composition in two important conservation areas of the Western Himalaya; the Valley of Flowers (VOF) National Park and the Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP). The VOF is a completely Protected Area as it is devoid of livestock grazing whereas, 20,000 sheep and goats annually graze in GHNP. Both the National Parks possess sub-alpine and alpine vegetation that is distributed in 13 major habitat types. Present investigations indicate that all the habitat types in VOF are higher in plant species diversity and richness compared to habitat types in GHNP. Similarly, all three eco-climatic zones in VOF are higher in species diversity and richness compared to GHNP. Species diversity also decreases with increasing altitude in both the National Parks. The findings of this study are discussed in the light of the management and conservation of alpine meadows of the Western Himalayas.     

Legal considerations in challenging external threats to Glacier National Park,Montana, USA

External threats to the environmental integrity of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, fit into three categories: adverse land use practices adjacent to the Park, air pollution, and water pollution. This article identifies and evaluates the laws that Glacier National Park officials might rely upon to protect the Park against these external threats. The article also assesses the available scientific information relating to external threats, and it identifies additional information needed to establish a legal basis for challenging the threats.     

安徽旅游地质资源及开发与保护建议

旅游地质资源是地质作用形成的特殊自然资源。在阐述旅游地质资源涵义的基础上，对安徽的旅游地质资源进行了初步分类和评述，并提出了安徽旅游地质资源的开发建议。     

Effects of Metal Mining and Milling on Boundary Waters of Yellowstone National Park, USA

/ Aquatic resources in Soda Butte Creek within Yellowstone National Park, USA, continue to be threatened by heavy metals from historical mining and milling activities that occurred upstream of the park's boundary. This includes the residue of gold, silver, and copper ore mining and processing in the early 1900s near Cooke City, Montana, just downstream of the creek's headwaters. Toxicity tests, using surrogate test species, and analyses of metals in water, sediments, and macroinvertebrate tissue were conducted from 1993 to 1995. Chronic toxicity to test species was greater in the spring than the fall and metal concentrations were elevated in the spring with copper exceeding water quality criteria in 1995. Tests with amphipods using pore water and whole sediment from the creek and copper concentrations in the tissue of macroinvertebrates and fish also suggest that copper is the metal of concern in the watershed. In order to understand current conditions in Soda Butte Creek, heavy metals, especially copper, must be considered important factors in the aquatic and riparian ecosystems within and along the creek extending into Yellowstone National Park.KEY WORDS: Mining; Metals; Toxicity; Biomonitoring; Copper; Yellowstone National Park     

Estimating the Economic Value of National Parks with Count Data Models Using On-Site,Secondary Data: The Case of the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve

We estimate an individual travel cost model for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (GSD) in Colorado using on-site, secondary data. The purpose of the on-site survey was to help the National Park Service better understand the visitors of GSD; it was not intended for a travel cost model. Variables such as travel cost and income were estimated based on respondents’ Zip Codes. Following approaches found in the literature, a negative binomial model corrected for truncation and endogenous stratification fit the data the best. We estimate a recreational benefit of U.S. $89/visitor/year or U.S. $54/visitor/24-h recreational day (in 2002 U.S. $). Based on the approach presented here, there are other data sets for national parks, preserves, and battlefields where travel cost models could be estimated and used to support National Park Service management decisions.