长江干流江苏段水质评价

利用长江干流江苏段16个断面的水质监测资料，采用最差因子评价法，对长江干流江苏段的16个断面水质状况进行了分析评价。结果表明，长江干流江苏段的水质以Ⅱ、Ⅲ类为主，夏半年的水质优于冬半年，部分断面水质较差，各断面的主要污染物以氨氮为主。     

六塘河泗阳段水环境状况及污染防治对策

结合近年来对江苏泗阳县城区内河（沟）水质监测和调查，分析六塘河泗阳段水环境污染现状和成因，并对控制淮河流域重点控制断面——六塘河石渡段面（泗阳县）水质达标，结合泗阳实际情况，提出相关对策。     

长江泰兴段水质的变化趋势

通过对长江泰兴段监测断面的水质变化分析，结合工业发展与环境管理力度，分析长江水质变化的原因，总结长江水质变化的趋势，提出保护长江水质的对策与措施。     

实验室率定法测算长江南通段污染物降解系数

污染物降解系数是确定水环境容量的关键参数之一,本文采用实验室率定法,采集长江南通段的水样,分别于6℃、10℃、16℃、20℃室温下,在实验室内进行周期为20天的室内水质分析,根据室内水质分析结果,测算出不同温度下长江南通段"十二五"减排的约束性指标化学需氧量、氨氮的降解系数,并定性分析了长江水体中污染物本底浓度、可生化性、pH值等环境因子对污染物降解系数可能发生的影响。     

加强长江流域水环境管理迫在眉睫

一、令人关注的长江流域的水环境现状近十几年来，长江流域的工农业得到很大发展，与此同时，由于部分资源的不合理开发，污水和废渣的处理能力与工农业发展不平衡，城乡的水污染日益严重，部分江段和支流的水质不断退化，已引起两岸人民的关注。根据长江流域水资源保护局19周年长江干流水质调查结果来看，全流域仅工业企业（不包括事业单位）废污水年排放量就有142．38亿吨，占全国废污水总量的42.35％，其中悬浮物303．25万吨，化学耗氧量246.06万吨，石油类2．59万吨，挥发酚2858．5吨，氰化物1899吨．硫化物21．8吨，汞5吨．镉54吨，六…     

基于MIKE 21的长江江山制药排污口水环境影响分析——以江山制药公司污水处理站为例

为分析长江沿岸入河排污口设置对水环境的影响，采用MIKE 21建立了长江马鞍山-高桥段二维非稳态水量水质模型，并以江山制药公司污水处理站为例，对其排污口迁址改建前后的水环境影响进行模拟。结果表明，较于原排污口排放，拟设排污口在执行新排放标准情况下，对九圩港入江断面水质有改善作用，COD、NH₃-N、TP的改善率分别为29.0%、70.5%、29.7%;拟设排污口正常排放和事故排放时均不会对周围环境保护目标造成不利影响。研究成果可为长江泰州段水环境管理提供依据，也可为长江沿岸排污口设置及优化提供一定的理论指导。     

“成渝”交界濑溪河污染分析及治理方法研究

沱江位于长江上游，连接成渝双城经济圈，濑溪河是沱江左岸一级支流，濑溪河水环境状况直接影响沱江乃至长江水环境质量。采用污染物来源分析，污染负荷，三段式治理模式等方法，根据泸洲环境监测站例行监测数据，评价濑溪河(泸州段)流域水质在2011～2019年变化情况。结果表明，采用三段式治理模式的方法后，使治理后使濑溪河(泸州段)流域水质带来了突破性的改善，主流濑溪河官渡大桥和鹅项井监测断面水质分别由Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类提升到了Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类，污染较严重的支流九曲河水质也由劣Ⅴ类提升到了Ⅳ类。截止2019年，出河口污染物指标水质情况分别为：BOD₅Ⅰ类水质，DO、I_Mn、TP和NH₃-N均为Ⅲ类水质，仅COD为Ⅳ类水质。另外，主要的污染指标(COD、NH₃-N、TP)均达到了减排的目的。研究结果可为在具备相似污染物和地理条件的河流采用，三段式治理模式的提出丰富了大型流域水环境质量提升的治理方法。     

京杭运河常州段改线后水环境改善研究

依据京杭运河常州段河网水量水质同步监测数据,建立常州河网区水量水质数学模型,应用该模型对京杭运河常州段改线后水环境改善方案进行分析计算,京杭运河常州段通过引水可改善水质,但若要保持水质基本达到Ⅳ类水质标准,研究显示该区域在第三种截污情况下,需由上游新孟河和德胜河调引长江水50m3/s。     

三峡库区万州区段长江水中泥沙量对其水质的影响分析

长江三峡库区的生态环境及水质情况。随着三峡工程建设的不断深入而备受社会各界的瞩目。重庆市万州区地处三峡水库腹心地带。长江自西南向东北横穿万州区全境。过境流程83公里。万州区溪流纵横。水网密布，多数河流直接排入长江。而且在三峡库区大移民进程中有大量的移民集中在万州。在三峡大坝即将合龙之际，研究长江万州流域的水质情况无疑对指导库区的清理工作、生态环境建设等具有重大意义。本文对该地区的水污染源进行了初步考察。同时对万州区段长江流域的水质进行了探索性研究。发现该区水土流失情况较为严重，而且水中的泥沙含量与其COD水平有相关关系。江水中大部分的COD是由泥沙携带的有机物的贡献。     

新疆绿色食品与水土环境

新疆特殊的自然环境条件，决定了新疆绿色食品，尤其是园艺生产的瓜果品质优良，风味独特，优于其它省区。通过对新疆绿色食品原料基地的水质、土壤、大气的实地环境监测，结果表明：优质的农产品多来源于远离城镇的绿洲，自然生态环境较封闭，人为环境污染相对较小，土壤中各种微量元素的含量均在土壤背景值范围内（标准值上2S）；绿洲的水源依赖于天山、阿尔泰山和昆仑山冰雪融水和山区降水补给，水质清洁、矿化度较低。“绿色食品’廉自最佳生态环境，开发本地区绿色食品首要而基本的条件是：选择产品生产地应具有优良的生态环境，即大气环境、水环境、土壤环境（营养元素）的质量和对污染物（农药、化肥、有毒元素等）的有效控制。     

ELEMENTS OF A WATER QUALITY INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE STATE OF ILLINOIS1

ABSTRACT: A great deal of information can be derived from study of standard stream monitoring data, if these are properly ordered and organized. This information may then be used to make decisions about water quality management. Among critical information items are evaluation of performance to standards, determination of seasonality and time-trends of water quality conditions, and estimation of the effects on water quality to be expected from load reductions or standards modifications. Additional information on the magnitude of individual pollution sources is also critical to water quality management. Each of these items can be derived within the water quality information system which is currently under development for the State of Illinois.     

基于MapInfo的松嫩盆地水资源开发管理信息系统

以松嫩盆地水资源开发利用现状为基础 ,以GIS软件 (地理信息系统 )MapInfoProfessional作为开发平台 ,设计和建立了松嫩盆地水资源开发管理信息系统。该系统的建立对松嫩盆地水资源开发管理状况和相关信息的查询、检索提供了方便 ,同时对松嫩盆地水资源的合理开发利用及其管理决策提供了科学依据。     

REGULATORY WATER QUALITY MONITORING: A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE1

ABSTRACT: Regulatory water quality monitoring has evolved to the point where it is a rather complex system encompassing many monitoring purposes and involving many monitoring activities. Lack of a system's perspective of regulatory monitoring hinders the development of effective and efficient monitoring programs to support water quality management. In this paper the regulatory water quality monitoring system is examined in a total systems context. The purposes of regulatory monitoring are reviewed and categorized according to their legal evolution. The activities of regulatory monitoring are categorized and organized into a system which follows the flow of information through the monitoring program. The monitoring purposes and activities are combined to form a monitoring system matrix - a framework within which the total regulatory water quality monitoring system is defined. The matrix, by defining the regulatory monitoring system and clarifying many interactions within the system, provides a basis upon which a more thorough approach to managing, evaluating, and eventually optimizing regulatory monitoring can be developed.     

WATER MANAGEMENT IN ONTARIO1

ABSTRACT: The Ontario Ministry of the Environment has based its water quality management approach on a set of guidelines published in 1970. In light of the changing societal and economic background, advancement in technology and scientific knowledge, and philosophical attitudes towards water management, the water management program was recently revised. Factors influencing the revised approach, including federal-provincial interrelationships and international commitments under the Canada-U.S. Agreement, are summarized. The revised program consists of a goal statement, policies to implement this goal, revised water quality objectives, and detailed implementation procedures for field staff use. Rather than promulgating regulations to impose arbitrary effluent or receiving water standards on a province-wide basis, the revised approach involves the imposition of legally enforceable effluent requirements on a case-by-case basis. Although the paper emphasizes the surface water quality program, it also outlines the Ministry's goals, policies, and procedures for the management of surface-water quantity, as well as ground water quality and quantity.     

EVALUATION OF HYDROLOGIC MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR FOREST LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: A growing concern for environmental quality paralleled with increasing demands on our forest resources has prompted the Washington State Department of Natural Resources to evaluate simulation modeling as a technique for analyzing management decisions in terms of their environmental effects. The evaluation focused on a system of integrated models developed at the University of Washington which simulate processes and activities within the forest ecosystem. A major part of the system is a hydrologic model which predicts changes in discharge, stream temperature, and concentrations of suspended sediment and dissolved oxygen based on information generated by other models representing intensive management practices. The evaluation consisted of applying the system to a 72,000 acre tract of forest land, validating the models with two years of discharge and water quality data from a 93,000 acre watershed, and determining the pertinence of hydrologic modeling for management purposes. Results show several potential uses of hydrologic modeling for forest management planning, especially for analyzing the effects of timber harvesting strategies on water quality.     

欧盟游泳场水质监管现状及对我国游泳场水质管理的建议

欧洲国家对游泳场水质的管理由来已久,管理经验丰富,而我国对游泳场水质的管理刚刚起步,仍然存在很多不足。针对目前我国由于监督管理以及某些地区的经营不善出现的一系列游泳场水质问题,本文介绍了欧盟成员国的游泳场水质质量监测管理现状,分别从游泳场水质管理立法、游泳场水质监测方法、游泳场水质评估和等级划分,以及欧盟国家游泳场未来发展趋势等方面,对欧盟国家游泳场水质管理的发展情况进行了分析总结。借鉴欧盟发达国家游泳场的水质管理经验对我国游泳场水质进行监测和管理非常重要,最后提出完善我国游泳场水质管理的一些建议,如建立游泳场水质监测日志,制作游泳场水质信息系统,加强游泳场水质监测技术研究等。希望借助欧盟国家的游泳场管理经验,促进我国游泳场水质管理的进一步发展和完善。     

CONTINUOUS SIMULATION FOR WATER QUALITY PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: This paper describes a methodology for the evaluation of water quality plans analogous to procedures used in flood control planning, where flood damage frequency curves provide the basis for determining flood control benefits. The proposed method uses continuous water quality simulation to develop long term information from which water quality frequency curves can be obtained. This frequency information allows the evaluation of the impact of proposed water quality control plans taking into consideration the variable nature of the water resource. Using treatment costs and other economic indicators of water quality, the frequency information can be used to estimate the cost-effectiveness and economic efficiency of alternative plans. The method is demonstrated in a semi-hypothetical environment; real hydrologic and climatic characteristics are assigned to a hypothetical watershed configuration. Alternative management plans are simulated and analyzed for both physical and economic impacts. The advantages of continuous simulation and its use in water quality planning are explored.     

流域非点源水污染排放清单估算系统构建

基于流域水质改善与水环境管理需求,结合目前流域非点源水污染排放存在的问题,本研究采用SOA-B/S架构,运用MVC6和GIS与环境模型集成关键技术,构建流域非点源水污染排放清单估算系统,并系统梳理了地形数据、污染源环境统计数据、气象数据等基础信息,采用基于输出系数法的非点源水污染负荷估算模型,实现了对全年及年内各分水期非点源水污染排放清单的处理分析和估算。系统通过数据库、GIS平台、模型集成和业务系统建设,实现了对不同时间和空间尺度下不同地区的非点源水污染负荷估算,推进了流域非点源污染排放的信息化、科学化及可视化管理,为决策者制定流域水环境管理措施和方案提供了有力的技术支持。     

DATA REQUIREMENTS OF A WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM1

ABSTRACT: Routine data collection currently consumes a large amount of the total resources devoted to water quality management. All too often data collection becomes an end in itself, with little thought given to the purpose of the data collection. The problem generally stems from a lack of proper routine surveillance system design and a failure on the part of the designers to initially identify the data needs of the management program. This study attempts, in a general way, to delineate the data needs of a water quality management program. This first required an identification of the activities involved in water quality management. The activities were then discussed in terms of the types of information needed to successfully complete their assigned tasks. Several detailed examples are given. The results of the discussion are summarized and several strategies are proposed to relate the results to surveillance system design.     

An online water quality monitoring and management system developed for the Liming River basin in Daqing, China

This paper describes an online water quality monitoring and management system that was developed by combining a chemical oxygen demand sensor with an artificial neural network technology and a virtual instrument technique. The system was used to model the hydrological environment of the Liming River basin in Daqing City, China, in an effort to maintain the water quality in this basin at a level compatible with the status of Daqing City as a scenic resort. Operation of the system during the past 2 years has shown that an optimal allocation of water (including water released from an environmental reservoir to mitigate pollution events) could be achieved for the basin using the information gathered by the system; using mathematic models established for this system, the quantity of water released from the reservoir is adequate to improve the overall water environment. The results demonstrate that the system provides an effective approach to water quality control for environmental protection.