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1.
Global sustainability: Toward definition 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Becky J. Brown Mark E. Hanson Diana M. Liverman Robert W. Merideth Jr. 《Environmental management》1987,11(6):713-719
Sustainability is increasingly viewed as a desired goal of development and environmental management. This term has been used in numerous disciplines and in a variety of contexts, ranging from the concept of maximum sustainable yield in forestry and fisheries management to the vision of a sustainable society with a steady-state economy. The meaning of the term is strongly dependent on the context in which it is applied and on whether its use is based on a social, economic, or ecological perspective, Sustainability may be defined broadly or narrowly, but a useful definition must specify explicitly the context as well as the temporal and spatial scales being considered. Although societies differ in their conceptualizations of sustainability, indefinite human survival on a global scale requires certain basic support systems, which can be maintained only with a healthy environment and a stable human population. A clearer understanding of global sustainability and the development of appropriate indicators of the status of basic support systems would provide a useful framework for policy making. 相似文献
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Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Place attachment has been researched quite broadly, and so has been defined in a variety of ways. The various definitions of the concept are reviewed and synthesized into a three-dimensional, person–process–place organizing framework. The person dimension of place attachment refers to its individually or collectively determined meanings. The psychological dimension includes the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of attachment. The place dimension emphasizes the place characteristics of attachment, including spatial level, specificity, and the prominence of social or physical elements. In addition, potential functions of place attachment are reviewed. The framework organizes related place attachment concepts and thus clarifies the term. The framework may also be used to stimulate new research, investigate multidimensionality, create operational definitions for quantitative studies, guide semi-structured interviews for qualitative studies, and assist in conflict resolution for successful land-use management. 相似文献
4.
Creating a habitat classification and mapping system for marine and coastal ecosystems is a daunting challenge due to the
complex array of habitats that shift on various spatial and temporal scales. To meet this challenge, several countries have,
or are developing, national classification systems and mapping protocols for marine habitats. To be effectively applied by
scientists and managers it is essential that classification systems be comprehensive and incorporate pertinent physical, geological,
biological, and anthropogenic habitat characteristics. Current systems tend to provide over-simplified conceptual structures
that do not capture biological habitat complexity, marginalize anthropogenic features, and remain largely untested at finer
scales. We propose a multi-scale hierarchical framework with a particular focus on finer scale habitat classification levels
and conceptual schematics to guide habitat studies and management decisions. A case study using published data is included
to compare the proposed framework with existing schemes. The example demonstrates how the proposed framework’s inclusion of
user-defined variables, a combined top-down and bottom-up approach, and multi-scale hierarchical organization can facilitate
examination of marine habitats and inform management decisions. 相似文献
5.
Derek Armitage 《Environmental management》1995,19(4):469-479
Sustainable environmental planning and management require effective integration of ecological, socioeconomic, and institutional
elements. This paper presents an integrative methodological framework for sustainable environmental planning and management.
The development of this integrative framework is accomplished by combining two complementary analytical approaches—Hufschmidt's
conceptual framework for watershed planning and management and the ABC resource survey method. The combined methodological
framework seeks to delineate and synthesize essential ecological information utilizing an integrative resource survey method.
This method generates classifications of environmental significance and constraint. Areas of environmental significance and
constraint are then linked to appropriate and acceptable resource management actions, implementation tools (e.g., education,
technical assistance), and institutional and organizational arrangements. The integrative methodological framework was developed
for application in the Rio Fortuna watershed in Costa Rica's Arenal Conservation Area. The watershed is characterized by a
variety of land and resource uses, including biologically diverse and ecologically fragile protected areas, small-parcel agriculture,
cattle ranching, and tourism. 相似文献
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Over the past decades, many Asian economies have achieved striking levels of economic growth. This economic growth has been necessary in order to fulfil the material needs and aspirations of growing populations. However, it has also been accompanied by substantial environmental degradation. While the precise interactions between economic growth, economic development and environmental degradation is subject to controversy and a comprehensive assessment of the Asian environment may be required to fully understand this relationship and the present conditions of the environment, it is argued in this paper that the achievement of sustainable economic development and the harmonizing of economic and environmental objectives will not be possible without deliberate policy interventions. Such policies need to incorporate a regional dimension in the form of institution building, in parallel to the concept of regional economic growth. The article focuses on the current problems of environmental and natural resource degradation in Asia, within a possible conceptual framework of impoverishing or unsustainable economic growth, and suggests a set of policies that need to be adopted in order to solve current difficulties. 相似文献
8.
Environmental degradation, competition for resources, increasing food demands, and the integration of agriculture into the
international economy threaten the sustainability of many food production systems. Despite these concerns, the concept of
sustainable food production systems remains unclear, and recent attempts to appraise sustainability have been hampered by
conceptual inconsistencies and the absence of workable definitions. Six perspectives are shown to underpin the concept. Environmental
accounting identifies biophysical limits for agriculture. Sustained yield refers to output levels that can be maintained continuously.
Carrying capacity defines maximum population levels that can be supported in perpetuity. Production unit viability refers
to the capacity of primary producers to remain in agriculture. Product supply and security focuses on the adequacy of food
supplies. Equity is concerned with the spatial and temporal distribution of products dervied from resource use. Many studies
into sustainable agriculture cover more than one of these perspectives, indicating the concept is complex and embraces issues
relating to the biophysical, social, and economic environments. Clarification of the concept would facilitate the development
of frameworks and analytical systems for appraising the sustainability of food production systems.
LRRC Contribution No. 90–46. 相似文献
9.
R. P. Rudra W. T. Dickinson M. J. Abedini G. J. Wall 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(5):1159-1170
A multi-tier approach for agricultural watershed management has been proposed. The approach involves identification of a watershed management issue/problem, selection or development of simple conceptual model suitable for the exploration of the issue/problem identified and appropriate to the database available, and application of the model the address the identified issue/problem. The procedure is repeated by increasing the complexity in the conceptual model until the identified issue/problem has been addressed satisfactorily. An application of the procedure to an example watershed in southern Ontario conditions is shown. The application example has revealed that for identification of temporal pattern of runoff and sediment loads a simple conceptual model is adequate. For identification of spatial location of the sediment source areas and for the development of a monitoring program for the evaluation of remedial strategies a more complex distributed agricultural watershed model is necessary. 相似文献
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This article critically reviews the evolution of urban environmental management in Shanghai since 1978. Established in a transitional
postsocialist economy and shaped by a spectacular urban redevelopment process, the current environmental management framework
of Shanghai has succeeded in mitigating major industrial pollution and improving urban amenities with unprecedented pace and
magnitude. However, it generally failed to take social equity and environmental justice issues into consideration. Based on
Haughton’s models of sustainable urban development, this article proposes four priorities and five principles within the framework
of a fair shares cities model for the future environmental management of Shanghai and briefly discusses their policy implications
and implementation issues. The authors argue that Haughton’s approach is relevant to Shanghai’s case because the essence of
his argument—the multidimensional equity principles—is the core of the concept of sustainable development. 相似文献