无人机地面微动特征视觉识别的可靠性分析

常规的无人机地面微动特征视觉识别可靠性分析方法因无人机航向重叠度较低,导致可靠性分析方法存在较高的相对误差。为此,设计无人机地面微动特征视觉识别的可靠性分析方法。通过分析无人机视觉定位和地面微动特征识别过程,确定与之对应的可靠性影响因子,利用影响因子分别计算无人机视觉定位可靠性指数和地面微动特征识别可靠性指数,以两者的和的大小作为依据,判断可靠性的强弱,完成可靠性分析。实验结果表明,与常规的可靠性分析方法相比,设计的无人机地面微动特征视觉识别的可靠性分析方法相对误差得到了降低,保持在正常范围内,证明了该方法更适合应用在无人机地面微动特征视觉识别中。     

影响乾安县地下水化学特征的不合理的人类活动探讨

乾安县地表水资源十分贫乏。研究区地下水水化学具有时空分布的特征。空间分布特征可分为水平特征和垂向特征。影响研究区地下水化学特征的不合理的人类活动主要有不合理的农业活动、不合理的打井取水活动和不合理的土地利用活动。     

集安市旅游资源特征、功能分区与深度开发

地区旅游资源类型和特征决定了旅游开发的可行性和方式,对旅游资源进行类型划分、特征分析、功能分区有利于区域旅游资源的优化和深度开发.基于此,以集安市为研究对象,分析其旅游资源类型和特征,针对旅游资源的类型、特征和空间布局划分不同的旅游功能区,探索旅游资源进一步开发的可能性和方式.     

山西地质旅游资源的分布特征及总体规划

山西省地质旅游资源丰富,不同地域分布着各具特征的地质景观。地质旅游资源特征明显、种类繁多,蕴藏着巨大的旅游潜力。在认真探讨各类地质景观分布特征的基础上,针对这些资源的开发现状和保护程度,提出了该省地质旅游线路规划、资源开发规划及地质旅游区的环境治理和保护规划方案。     

西藏入境旅游市场消费结构演化研究

把握入境旅游者的消费行为特征和消费结构特征,对目前西藏旅游业和区域经济实现可持续发展具有重要意义.以1997-2011年《中国旅游统计年鉴》和中国入境旅游者抽样调查资料为基础,对西藏入境旅游市场结构和消费结构演化特征进行分析,得出入境旅游消费结构不合理等相关结论,并在此基础上提出西藏入境旅游市场开发建议:加强旅游客源市场开发,及时调整旅游消费结构.     

环保产业生态产业与绿色产业

本文介绍了环保产业、生态产业与绿色产业的概念和相互关系及政策意义。绿色产业突出了区域性和包容性特征、生态产业突出了循环性和节约性特征、环保产业突出了服务性特征。     

青海省夏季旅游气候资源特征分析

文章选取24个气象站分别代表柴达木地区、东部农业区、祁连山区、黄河源区及长江源区的相应的气候特征，采用人体舒适指数和寒冷指数分别对青海省旅游气候特征进行了分析，并根据五个大区的气候特征作了最佳旅游时段的划分。文章从青海省气候资源特征方面介入，为青海省旅游资源的开发和建设提供基础和导向。     

北京市大学生绿色消费行为特征研究

当前资源短缺、环境污染等问题较为严重,从生态、环保的角度出发,人们应该选择绿色、可持续的消费行为。绿色消费作为一种全新的消费方式,正在以一种崭新的道德观、人生观和价值观融入人们的生活。与普通民众相比,大学生具有更高的知识水平和接受新生事物的能力,因此对大学生绿色消费行为特征的研究尤为必要。通过对国内外大学生绿色消费行为特征问题相关研究成果的梳理,探究影响大学生绿色消费行为特征的主要因素,并据此设计问卷对北京市大学生的绿色消费行为特征进行实证调研,通过对调查结果的分析,发现当前大学生在进行绿色消费时存在以下典型特征问题:对绿色产品或者绿色消费概念欠了解、超前消费和过度消费现象突出、具有从众消费和攀比消费心理、社交消费支出逐渐增大等问题。针对存在的特征问题建议大学生从加强自我管理、养成理财习惯、抵制非绿色消费行为、引导绿色消费时尚等方面进行改进。     

原油指纹识别技术

为使毛细管色谱“指纹”特征应用于污染事故的鉴定,采用分辨效能高的毛细管色谱柱及原油指纹识别技术,对江苏油田９个不同地区和来源的原油进行了分析考察,测定了油品中正构烷烃及姥鲛烷、植烷的含量。实验进一步论证了：以正构烷烃轮廓特征和姥鲛烷、植烷特征峰面积比值相结合的原油鉴别方法不受进样和色谱条件的影响,具有一定的准确性和可靠性。     

基于多源数据的城市空间活力时空特征分析——以南京市河西、仙林新城为例

采用微信宜出行数据、传统规划数据,探索南京市河西和仙林新城的空间活力时空特征。结果发现:(1)在空间层面,河西呈"东高西低、北高南低"的集聚特征,仙林活力分布与高校区位高度匹配。(2)在时间层面,河西呈"降—升—降—升—降"的波动特征,仙林呈"降—升—平缓"的波动特征。(3)工作日的河西活力集中在居住区,休息日集中在商业区;仙林在工作日和休息日无差异,均分布在高校区及其周边的商业区。     

Regulation for environmental protection: The Nanticoke industrial complex,Ontario, Canada

This assessment of the environmental protection regulatory system for the $2.2 billion iron and steel plant, oil refinery, and thermal generating station composing the core of the greenfield Nanticoke industrial complex is based upon: the use of governmental and industrial research in project management; technology and institutional arrangements for environmental protection; evidence of environmental changes to date; analysis of government and industrial approval files; and interviews with government, industry, and interest group representatives. Planning, regulation, and management have been reasonably efficient and effective to the beginning of the operational stage for all three major industries as of spring 1980. Of major future concern, however, is management of the cumulative and synergistic impacts of the industries and associated development on air quality as well as the lands, waters, and sensitive ecosystems of the nearby Lake Erie coast. Continuous monitoring, more comprehensive research, and better overall coordination of government, industrial, and public interests are required if Nanticoke benefits are to be achieved without undue cost to pre-project resource users within and outside the Haldimand-Norfolk region.     

主要发达国家碳达峰碳中和的实践经验及对中国的启示

气候变化问题是人类社会共同面临的重大挑战，关系到人类生存和各国利益。推进碳达峰碳中和是中国的一项重大战略决策，是负责任大国对国际社会的庄严承诺，也是推动高质量发展的内在要求。本文归纳分析欧盟、美国、日本、韩国、德国、英国等主要发达经济体碳达峰的经济社会特征、碳中和的路径共识，系统梳理推动实现碳达峰碳中和的经验举措，对比分析中国国内进展和差距，并提出重点借鉴的国际经验与启示。研究发现，中国已经逐步具备实现碳达峰国家的基本特征，但相比发达国家，在降碳效果核算评估、低碳安全高效能源系统构建、碳价格传导机制设计、低碳技术创新和新业态模式打造、法规制度系统化构建等方面仍有差距，仍需加强政策驱动和重点国际经验借鉴，进一步优化“双碳”目标评估指标体系，将构建清洁、低碳、安全、高效能源系统作为能源生产和消费革命的主要目标，有序推进碳排放权交易市场建设和能源资源市场化价格调控，强化绿色低碳技术的研发创新，加快构建形成系统性推动“双碳”目标的法规体系。     

新疆区域创新系统演化发展历程与动力研究

为科学把握新疆维吾尔自治区区域创新系统的演进脉络和规律,将新疆区域创新系统40余年的发展历程划分为萌芽、过渡、构建与完善4个阶段,从环境要素、创新主体、企业创新、结网程度4个方面对各阶段进行盘点总结,分析推动区域创新系统发展的动力因素,总结出新疆区域创新系统发展的1个核心与4条历史主线,并得出两点基本经验:一是政府核心科技政策的实时引导与政策创新始终是系统发展的重要牵引力;二是系统的开放与市场化的深入始终为新疆区域创新系统发展的源动力。     

BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ESTUARINE/COASTAL POLLUTION1

ABSTRACT: Sustained interest in and concern about the health status of the aquatic environment has resulted in extensive research focused on (1) effects of pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of resource species at all life stages; (2) diseases of fish and shellfish, as they may be related to pollution and as they may serve as indicators of environmental stress; and (3) contaminant body burdens in fish and shellfish - their effects on the aquatic animals and their potential effects on humans. Effects, lethal and sublethal, of pollutants on life history stages of fish and shellfish have been documented, as have impacts on local stocks in badly degraded habitats, but as yet there has been no adequate quantitative demonstration of effects on entire aquatic species - probably because of the difficulty in sorting out relative effects of the many environmental factors that influence abundance. Sublethal effects, especially those that result in disease, have been examined intensively, and some diseases and disease syndromes have been associated statistically with pollution. Other pollution indicators (biochemical, physiological, genetic, behavioral, and ecological) have also received some attention, as have body burdens of contaminants in aquatic species. Research, especially that conducted during the past decade, has done much to clarify the many pathways and toxic effects of contaminants on aquatic animals, and has also helped to identify mechanisms for survival of fish and shellfish in the presence of environmental changes caused by human activities.     

全面系统完善我国生态文明党内法规体系

生态文明党内法规是中国特色社会主义法治体系的重要组成部分。党的十八大以来,随着生态文明写入党章,生态文明专门党内法规及相关党内法规对生态文明的规定得到丰富和发展。但由于建设时间短,加上我国正处于经济社会发展的转型期,生态文明党内法规体系建设存在相关党内法规制定的规范性和权限的明确性不够、法规的系统性和体系的层次性不够、条文的清晰性和规范的可操作性不够、适用的涵盖性和内外的衔接性不够等问题。为此本文建议：①统筹规划,开展生态文明党内法规的系统性和规范性建设;②重点建设,分级分领域制修订生态文明建设和改革的专门党内法规;③全面融入,将生态文明的建设和改革要求分解到各级各类党内法规中;④厘清关系,加强与国家生态环保法律法规的衔接和协调。     

新型城镇化所存在的资源环境问题及对策初探

新型城镇化是我国城镇化发展的必然选择,是我国城镇化健康发展的根本保证。土地资源、水资源、能源等和生态环境是城镇发展的基础和根本保障。城镇化的快速发展导致一系列资源环境问题,因而,城镇化与资源环境有着密切的关系。本文从我国新型城镇化的发展背景、内涵出发,从水资源、土地资源、能源、环境容量几个方面深入探讨了我国新型城镇化所存在的资源环境问题,并在此基础上提出对策,这对于促进新型城镇化的健康发展和我国资源环境的可持续发展均具有重要的学术价值与实践意义。     

Ethical Issues Related to Food Sector Evolution in Developing Countries: About Sustainability and Equity

After a century of major technicaladvance, essentially achieved by and for theindustrialized countries, the evolution of thefood sector in southern countries should nolonger be thought of in terms of a ``headlongpursuit.'' In the present context of demographicgrowth, urbanization, poverty and disparities,environmental degradation, and globalization oftrade, new priorities have emerged, and newethical questions have been raised, mainlyrelated to sustainability and equity. Thispaper analyses these ethical concerns in thefollowing terms: can the model of food sectordevelopment initiated by the industrializedcountries be applied to the entire world on asustainable and equitable basis, given theeffects of this development with regard to theenergy consumed, the changes in dietarybehavior and related nutritional problems, thenew demands in terms of food safety, thequestions of biodiversity, ownership ofknowledge, cultural identities, gender issues,and Man's relationship to food and Nature?     

输水水质保障约束下的南四湖流域产业生态化发展研究

在生态文明建设理念的指导下,从南四湖流域的自身特点与现状出发,在总结和借鉴国内外产业生态发展主要经验的基础上,结合南四湖流域自身特点,从管理机制、财政政策、价格税收、技术创新、投资取向、政绩考核等多角度出发,构建了南四湖流域的产业生态政策体系,并从实施目标责任考核、建立流域产业布局规划的协调制度、完善产业结构调整优化的法律法规制度、增强生态产业的科技创新能力、建立流域的政府信息共享与公开机制、建立健全流域水环境执法机构六个方面提出了相应的生态保障措施。     

中国旅游整体形象的塑造与国际营销

东方华夏文明源远流长,是中国旅游最核心最具竞争力的形象,这一形象由"历史中国、自然中国、当代中国"三个形象面构成。为了实现这一形象的塑造,应该将区域个体形象与整体形象结合起来,打造地标性产品,实现企业、政府、非政府组织等不同营销渠道之间的交叉、融合、互补,建立起与旅游形象相匹配的价格策略,以培植和增强中国旅游的国际竞争力。     

Total Contents and Sequential Extraction of Heavy Metals in Soils Irrigated with Wastewater,Akaki, Ethiopia

The Akaki River, laden with untreated wastes from domestic, industrial, and commercial sources, serves as a source of water for irrigating vegetable farms. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of waste-water irrigation on the level of heavy metals and to predict their potential mobility and bioavailability. Zn and V had the highest, whereas Hg the lowest, concentrations observed in the soils. The average contents of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, V, and Hg of both soils; and Pb and Se from Fluvisol surpassed the mean + 2 SD of the corresponding levels reported for their uncontaminated counterparts. Apparently, irrigation with waste water for the last few decades has contributed to the observed higher concentrations of the above elements in the study soils (Vertisol and Fluvisol) when compared to uncontaminated Vertisol and Fluvisol. On the other hand, Vertisol accommodated comparatively higher average levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, etc V, and Cd, whereas high contents of Pb and Se were observed in Fluvisol. Alternatively, comparable levels of Co and Hg were found in either soil. Except for Ni, Cr, and Cd in contaminated Vertisol, heavy metals in the soils were not significantly affected by the depth (0–20 and 30–50 cm). When the same element from the two soils was compared, the levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn, V, Cd at 0–20 cm; and Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Zn at 30–50 cm were significantly different. Organic carbon (in both soils), CEC (Fluvisol), and clay (Vertisol) exhibited significant positive correspondences with the total heavy metal levels. Conversely, Se and Hg contents revealed perceptible associations with carbonate and pH. The exchangeable fraction was dominated by Hg and Cd, whereas the carbonate fraction was abounded with Cd, Pb, and Co. conversely, V and Pb displayed strong affinity to reducible fraction, where as Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni dominated the oxidizable fraction. Cr, Hg, Se, and Zn (in both soils) showed preference to the residual fraction. Generally, a considerable proportion of the total levels of many of the heavy metals resided in non residual fractions. The enhanced lability is generally expected to follow the order: Cd > Co > Pb > Cu > Ni > Se > V and Pb > Cd > Co > Cu > Ni > Zn in Vertisol and Fluvisol, respectively. For the similar wastewater application, the soil variables influence the status and the distribution of the associated heavy metals among the different soil fractions in the study soils. Among heavy metals that presented relatively elevated levels and with potential mobility, Co, Cu, Ni (either soil), V (Vertisol), Pb, and Zn (Fluvisol) could pose health threat through their introduction into the food chain in the wastewater irrigated soils.