新疆农牧业发展中的生态环境问题及其对策

当代世界面临着人口、资源、环境和发展四大问题,对新疆来说亦不例外,同样存在着上述四个方面的问题。作为未来世界开发中心之一的新疆,面临着大规模开发的前景,为此必须正确地分析估价当前我区人口、资源、环境的现状,预测其发展的趋势,并提出相应的对策,以便为未来新疆的大发展,作好前期的准备工作。新疆存在着生态破坏和环境污染两类环境问题:     

新疆化学品环境风险防控特征及对策措施分析

通过对新疆化学品行业的风险管理及防控现状调查,分析了新疆的化工企业的分布、结构和化学品环境风险特征及环境风险未来趋势,针对新疆化学品环境风险管理存在的主要问题,提出了防控对策措施,旨在为新疆化学品环境风险防控工作提供参考依据。     

跨境电子商务发展探析以拉丁美洲为例

近年来,作为全球热点之一的跨境电子商务浪潮已从欧洲、北美扩散至亚太与拉丁美洲,拉丁美洲跨境电子商务市场备受关注。通过与全球其他区域比较,分析拉丁美洲跨境电子商务发展现状,发现存在一些共性与特性:发展速度快、移动化趋势明显、安全问题突出、跨境物流短板、语言文化障碍等成为发展的共性;而较低的网络普及率、社交媒体的突出作用、本国保护主义盛行、苛刻的海关政策等成为拉美跨境电子商务发展的特性。基于以上分析,提出一系列措施,以期对我国企业在运作拉丁美洲跨境电子商务市场时起到一定的参考价值。     

对新疆可持续农业发展的思考

可持续农业发展是整个国民经济持续发展的基础,没有农业的持续发展,就不可能有国民经济的持续发展,也不可能有人类社会的持续发展,妥善处理好环境与发展的关系问题,是可持续农业发展的唯一选择。本文结合新疆实际,深入分析和研究了新疆可持续农业发展的现实意义,具有的基本条件和存在的问题及成因分析,提出了新疆可持续农业发展的实施措施。     

新疆2000年生态环境的科技对策

资源、环境、人口和发展等四大问题以及它们之间的相互关系,是当代国际社会公认的,影响广泛、牵动全局的最重大的战略问题。在我国社会主义现代化建设中,保护环境,合理利用自然资源,维护生态良性循环,已被国家做为一项基本闷策。本文试图从新疆环境特点出发,在深入分析新疆生态环境问题现状和发展趋势的基础上,围绕新疆经济发展战略目标和     

新疆重点产业跨越式发展下的生态环境风险监控体系初探

在新疆跨越式发展的新形势下,重点产业开发区域面临的资源环境问题和风险的压力是不容忽视的。但目前,新疆尚未建立起一个完整的生态环境风险监控技术体系,环境风险监控仍处于起步阶段,存在较大缺陷。本文对石油化工、煤电、煤化工各类重点产业进行风险识别,建立了生态环境监控指标体系,构建了生态环境风险监控框架,旨在为新疆重点产业生态风险监控管理平台建设提供思路及理论依据。     

新疆创建绿色学校的实践与思考

文章简要的介绍了创建“绿色学校”的重要意义,论述了在新疆开展“实施环境教育,创建绿色学校”的活动中存在的问题及原因,并就解决这类问题进行了分析研究,为积级推动和创建新疆“绿色学校”活动健康、有序地发展做了有益的探索。     

资源环境约束下的新疆工业发展评价

新疆资源丰富但生态环境脆弱,工业发展受生态环境约束明显。通过构建资源环境约束下新疆工业发展评价指标体系计算出2000—2010年新疆工业发展指数和资源环境指数:2000—2010年新疆工业发展指数从0.0424上升到0.8808,资源环境指数从0.6453下降到0.3576,两者呈反向变动关系。新疆工业发展过程中的资源环境效应为负,在此基础上提出了相关建议。     

中国—周边国家跨境旅游合作研究

跨境旅游合作是国际合作的一种表现形式,是国家间交流合作的一种重要途径。2000年以来,我国的入境客源市场增长势头强劲,出境旅游的规模也日渐扩大。中国与邻国的跨境旅游合作不断深入发展,从侧面反映了中国与周边国家地缘经济关系的强劲发展势头。探讨了跨境旅游的内涵并利用相关网站数据加以分析,对中国与中国周边国家的跨境旅游的空间特征和发展现状进行了评述,分析了中国与周边国家的跨境旅游发展的影响因素,对未来态势进行了趋势预测,并提出发展建议。     

鼓励·鞭策·希望——祝贺《新疆环境保护》创刊十周年

《新疆环境保护》已创刊十周年了,我们表示热烈地祝贺,并向广大作者、读者和编辑人员致意。《新疆环境保护》于一九七八年创刊,十年来本着发展环境保护事业,为环境管理决策提供依据,为发展环境科学造福新疆各族人民的精神,坚持理论与实践相结合,普及与提高     

完善废旧资源进口和加工贸易环境的思考

进口利用废旧资源在解决我国原生资源不足、节约能源、降低环境负荷、满足日益增长的物资需要具有重要的意义,但进口废旧资源会因夹带、处置加工等环节带来环境污染.文章梳理了我国允许废旧资源进口利用的背景需求,探讨了科学识别进口废旧资源、加工利用相关行业产生的环境问题,提出了进一步加强环境监管的对策方案,以推进废旧资源进口和加工贸易的健康发展.     

我国废物进口综合管理技术对策研究

随着废物进口数量的增长、废物再生利用行业的成长、废物越境转移形势的变化和环境保护事业的不断发展,废物进口环境管理经历了从无到有并且逐步完善的过程,成为我国固体废物环境管理工作的重要内容。当前我国废物进口管理还存在着部分种类废物进口行业利用水平较低、废物非法越境转移压力长期存在和能力建设步伐与管理需求不相适应等问题。针对存在的问题,采取合理有效的应对措施,进一步完善相关法律、法规,推进“圈区管理”,鼓励统一管理和污染集中防治,探索建立企业环保信誉管理机制,加强源头风险控制,完善国际合作机制,使我国进口废物管理向兼顾环境、经济协调发展的综合管理模式转变。     

Trade–finance complementarity and carbon emission intensity: panel evidence from middle-income countries

This paper examines the complementarity/substitutability of international trade and financial development in the mitigation of carbon emissions for a panel sample of 62 middle-income countries from 1991 to 2010. Applying the bias-corrected LSDV estimator, the paper yields interesting results. For the full sample, international trade and financial development play an interactive and complementary role in reducing CO₂ intensity of energy use. That is, the environmental benefit of international trade is materialized only if a country has a well-developed financial market. Likewise, financial development is beneficial to the environment only in a highly open economy. Having stated these, the analysis also uncovers evidence that these results may be different across levels of income or across regions. The results bear important policy implications for the abatement of the environmental problem in the middle-income countries.     

环境政策评估：一个宏观经济分析框架的综述

环境动态随机一般均衡（E-DSGE）模型以其良好的扩展性和预测性逐渐被环境宏观经济学者接纳。环境因素的引入包括经济系统对环境系统的作用、环境系统的演化过程、环境系统对经济系统的反作用等方式。E-DSGE模型中的不确定性冲击包括经济不确定性冲击、政策不确定性冲击和环境不确定性冲击。E-DSGE模型中环境政策的讨论重点包括环境税、限额与交易、强度管制等。多重环境政策的组合效应、环境影响的国际传导以及环境政策与宏观经济政策的融合等是E-DSGE模型研究的重要前沿课题。加强新凯恩斯框架下E-DSGE模型的构建与应用，加强跨流域和跨界的环境问题、水的问题、碳的问题等研究是下一阶段E-DSGE建模的重点。     

新型自贸协定的环保议题谈判及我国的对策简

自由贸易协定中纳入环境保护规定是提高自由贸易中的正环境效应,同时避免或减轻负面环境影响的保障,已经逐渐成为新型国际自由贸易谈判中的重要内容。以跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定为代表的新型自由贸易谈判,试图在协定中丰富环境条款,例如环保原则、国际环境公约、环境标准、争端解决机制、环境产业和服务、环境合作和能力建设等。我国也开始在自贸谈判中纳入环保要求,基于最新的政策要求,我国应积极赶上国际自由贸易谈判中环境保护的新要求,推动贸易与环保政策的深度融合。     

A review of WTO and environmental issues

Multiple negotiating rounds of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1947 have conferred economic benefits through liberalized international trade. A growing body of evidence also points to linkages between liberalized trade and damage to the global environment, ecology, and natural resource base. Ironically, the increased economic well-being conferred by trade liberalization ultimately provides the basis for improved environmental protection. It is the interim environmental damage due to trade liberalization that is controversial and needing amelioration. The proposition here is to promote further trade liberalization, but only as long as environmental ethics and sustainability issues are satisfactorily addressed. Trade liberalization should not be permitted at the expense of adequate environmental protection and sustainability. Future WTO rounds need to address both development benefits and environmental ethics issues in a net social welfare maximization setting.     

中-韩自贸区建立对辽宁环保产业的影响及对策研究

建立中-韩自由贸易试验区是党中央、国务院做出的重大决策,是深入贯彻党的十八大精神,在新形势下全面深化改革、扩大开放战略的重大举措。辽宁省环保产业发展起步较早,尽管近年来在全国的位次有所下滑,但在产品门类、技术、人才、关联产业以及园区化、集群化的发展模式上仍具有一定优势。面对中-韩自由贸易试验区对环境服务业战略转型的机遇和挑战,辽宁省应明确提出环保产业发展战略和目标定位,要强化政府的主导作用,加强不同环境服务分类影响研究,实施国内环境服务企业的"走出去"战略,加快环境服务业发展和战略转型的法规和政策体系建设,制定针对国内环境服务企业的扶持战略,解决战略转型的保障问题。本文以自贸区贸易效应为理论依据,根据辽宁省环保产业发展现状,探索在新时期如何利用辽宁省的区位优势不断创造市场空间,加快政府职能转变,积极推进环保产业贸易和投资便利化,强化资本、技术、人才等要素构建,加强园区建设,培育领军企业。     

FRONTIER AREAS, RESOURCES, AND DEVELOPING NATIONS: THE CASE OF GUATEMALA

The conscientious and planned integration of frontier areas into the national economy can at least partially alleviate both environmental and economic problems that are common to many developing countries. Full development of the agricultural potential of frontier areas can lessen the environmental deterioration often found in traditionally settled regions. Exploitation of mineral resources, in particular energy resources, can lessen economic burdens associated with increased costs of imported energy. The authors examine how recent international developments have spurred the government of Guatemala to undertake measures designed to develop a previously underutilized region. The short term negative consequences of increased costs for imported grains and petroleum may well have a positive result in the long term insofar as they lead to more balanced and rational use of land and resources.     

A Paradigm of International Environmental Law: The Case for Controlling the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes

The production of large quantities of wastes globally has created a commercial activity involving the transfrontier shipments of hazardous wastes, intended to be managed at economically attractive waste-handling facilities located elsewhere. In fact, huge quantities of hazardous wastes apparently travel the world in search of “acceptable” waste management facilities. For instance, within the industrialized countries alone, millions of tonnes of potentially hazardous waste cross national frontiers each year on their way for recycling or to treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) because there is no local disposal capacity for these wastes, or because legal disposal or reuse in a foreign country may be more environmentally sound, or managing the wastes in the foreign country may be less expensive than at home. The cross-boundary traffic in hazardous wastes has lately been under close public scrutiny, however, resulting in the accession of several international agreements and laws to regulate such activities. This paper discusses and analyzes the most significant control measures and major agreements in this new commercial activity involving hazardous wastes. In particular, the discussion recognizes the difficulties with trying to implement the relevant international agreements among countries of vastly different socioeconomic backgrounds. Nonetheless, it is also noted that global environmental agreements will generally be a necessary component of ensuring adequate environmental protection for the world community—and thus a need for the careful implementation of such agreements and regulations.     

A Review of WTO and Environmental Issues

Multiple negotiating rounds of the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World TradeOrganization (WTO) since 1947 have conferred economicbenefits through liberalized international trade. Agrowing body of evidence also points to linkagesbetween liberalized trade and damage to the globalenvironment, ecology, and natural resource base.Ironically, the increased economic well-beingconferred by trade liberalization ultimately providesthe basis for improved environmental protection. It isthe interim environmental damage due to tradeliberalization that is controversial and needingamelioration. The proposition here is to promotefurther trade liberalization, but only as long asenvironmental ethics and sustainability issues aresatisfactorily addressed. Trade liberalization shouldnot be permitted at the expense of adequateenvironmental protection and sustainability. FutureWTO rounds need to address both development benefitsand environmental ethics issues in a net socialwelfare maximization setting.