环境保护与移民安置和谐推进同步发展——嘉陵江亭子口水利枢纽移民安置区环境保护纪实

嘉陵江亭子口水利枢纽工程库区位于四川省北部边缘的广元市境内,地处秦巴山西段,水库淹没和移民安置区涉及广元市利州区、元坝区、剑阁县和苍溪县等35个乡(镇),迁建集镇13个。该区域的嘉陵江沿岸水土流失严重,生态环境遭到破坏;部分支流水污染严重、水质较差;自然灾害频繁。枢纽工程业主嘉陵江亭子口水利水电     

涪陵地区水利发展途径

涪陵地区地处四川省东部边缘山区,幅员面积29,767平方公里。全区丘陵占23.7％,低山占36.4％,中山占39.9％。地面海拔高程从东北部长江出境水面118米到南部金佛山风吹岭达到2251.0米,具有典型的立体地形、立体气候和立体农业特征。区内气候温和,雨量充沛;但耕地条件差,自然灾害频     

西海固地区自然灾害对可持续发展的影响

根据调查和自然灾害的有关资料,研究了西海固地区自然灾害的基本特征和成因机制,分析了自然灾害对可持续发展的影响和制约作用,探讨了防治自然灾害、走可持续发展的基本对策。     

辽宁省城市自然灾害风险评价及综合减灾对策研究

在全球自然灾害频发的背景下,城市自然灾害风险研究引起国际社会和国内外学者的高度关注.在大量数据与文献资料的基础上,借鉴国内外自然灾害风险研究的成果,对辽宁省城市自然灾害强度进行综合评价,划分风险等级,最终利用ArcGIS技术绘制风险评价图,以期为辽宁省政府风险管理决策、城市综合减灾降险工作提供科学依据和技术支撑.     

改顺坡耕作为横坡耕作,提高坡耕地生产力

四川省虽然是“天府之国”,但人口与农业自然资源,特别是与土地资源的矛盾日益突出,农业生态环境日趋恶化,水土流失加剧,旱涝灾害频繁;而人们对农业生态建设、治理水土流失的三大措施(工程、生物、耕作)往往只重视工程措施,轻视耕作措施。目前,四川采用顺坡耕作较普遍,顺坡耕作虽然有利于排水和通风透光,但它加剧了水土流失,对农业生态环境的破坏作用远大于其协同作用。因此,建议四川应示范、推广横坡耕作法。横坡耕作可抗御自然灾害:①干旱是四川省出现频繁,危害面大的农业气象灾害。四川降水总量一般能满足水旱作物的需要,但降水时间分配却不能完全与作物需要阶段吻合,春、夏伏旱,特别是夏伏旱正是水稻、玉     

论人类活动、生态环境与自然灾害的关系

对各种人类活动、生态环境恶化及自然灾害之间错综复杂的关系进行了论述，指出生态环境与自然灾害之间的正反馈作用，并强调人类活动在此正反馈环中起到了决定方向的功效。在此基础上，提出了改善生态环境，减免自然灾害的有效对策。     

四川省农业环境影响及发展循环经济模式初探

四川省是农业大省，农业可持续发展对其经济发展具有重要意义，四川省的农业对环境的影响源于种植业和养殖业两方面。针对四川省农业的特点，本文提出四川省发展农业循环经济模式的思路及对策。     

四川省城市放射性废物库的建设与运行管理

介绍了四川省城市放射性废物库的基本建设情况和运营现状;通过分析四川省城市放射性废物库的历年监测数据,研究废物库对周围环境的影响情况;通过统计分析四川省城市放射性废物库的历年收贮放射源及放射性废物的数据,研究四川省城市放射性废物库对全省核与辐射安全的重要性和作用。四川省城市放射性废物库运行安全,未对周围环境造成辐射影响,为省内辐射安全工作做出了贡献。     

四川省环境保护税应税污染物项目数研究

通过对四川省排污费征收现状和四川省环境质量现状分析,结合国家和四川省环境保护、节能减排等政策,对同一排污口的大气污染物和水污染物应税污染物项目数是否增加进行论证。     

四川省畜牧养殖业污染现状及防治研究

畜禽养殖业污染问题近年已成为农村污染的主要来源.通过对四川省畜禽养殖业主要污染物排放现状进行阐述,分析四川省畜禽规模化养殖和养殖专业户生产情况,以及对5种畜禽主要污染物产排污系数的分析,提出四川省畜禽养殖污染防治的技术指导.     

Using social network analysis to examine planner involvement in environmentally oriented planning processes led by non-planning professions

Broad stakeholder involvement cannot be assumed in all environmental planning and management processes that have critical land use dimensions. This paper illustrates how concepts and techniques from social network analysis (SNA) can be used to examine and better understand the roles of one type of stakeholders, planners, in environmentally oriented planning and management processes led by other professions. Two cases of natural hazard mitigation planning led by emergency managers illustrate the usefulness of three SNA concepts of network structural characteristics in understanding how differences in planner involvement may influence incorporation of land use approaches in local natural hazard mitigation plans aimed at reducing long term risks from natural hazards.     

五氯酚对环境污染及居民健康影响研究

中国长期以来使用五氯酚纳盐杀灭亡血吸虫的中间宿主──—钉螺．为评价它对环境的污染及居民健康危害，１９９０－１９９３年在我省开展了五氯酚环境污染及对居民健康影响研究．在研究区采集环境样品（空气、水体、土壤及底泥、蔬菜、肉、蛋、鱼等）共１７３份；生物材料（人血、尿）共４５７份，分析五氯酚浓度．结果在明，在五氯酚使用区，环境中ＰＣＰ浓度稍高于对照区，而生物材料尿、血中ＰＣＰ浓度明显高于对照区．全血胆碱脂酶活性用药区明显低于对照区，统计学分析有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１），证实了长期低剂量使用可造成环境及生物蓄积．     

Municipal hazard mitigation planning: a comparison of plans in British Columbia and the United States

This paper examines the extent to which 20 municipalities in the Greater Vancouver region of British Columbia have included provisions in their community plans for reducing natural hazard risk and vulnerability. Findings show that the plans are generally lacking in hazard related factual information, goals, and policies, and in mechanisms to promote plan implementation. The plans also do not compare favorably to municipal hazard mitigation plans in the United States. The authors provide recommendations for provincial/state and municipal governments with respect to improving the quality of municipal plans and their capacity to enhance public safety.     

Community resilience to natural disasters in the informal settlements in Mwanza City,Tanzania

The impacts of natural disasters on communities living in hazard prone areas are wide ranging and complex. In Mwanza, steep slopes, rocky hills and river valleys are inhabited by society's poorest people. These areas are prone to natural disasters. Residents have accumulated coping mechanisms for disaster risks and impact reduction. We combine spatial data, household surveys and data from focus groups to identify and rank areas based on their exposure to major disasters. We also examine household and communal mitigation efforts in relation to these disasters. Most areas of the city are exposed to at least one of the natural disasters studied. Pre- and post-disaster risk reduction measures are influenced by the site of homesteads and the socioeconomic situation of households. Current resilience measures are skewed towards the development of physical infrastructure. The challenge of reducing disaster risks in Mwanza involves recognizing the role of non-infrastructure based factors that promote urban resilience to natural disasters.     

洪水灾害风险评价研究综述

洪水灾害是当今世界最严重的自然灾害之一，带来了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失。洪水灾害风险评价是科学有效地防洪减灾的前提和基础。文章对洪水灾害风险相关概念进行了界定，从气象、水文水力、社会经济、遥感与GIS和土地利用5个方面对洪水灾害风险评价的常用方法进行了评述，并列出了常用的评价因子。最后指出了未来研究的可能发展方向。     

汽车危险报警开关气候老化性能研究

针对汽车危险报警开关的气候老化性能展开研究,分别采用整车自然暴露试验技术和人工加速老化试验技术,对汽车危险报警开关的老化性能进行研究,结果显示该汽车危险报警开关表面严重变色,表明其耐气候老化性能较差;对造成汽车危险报警开关因气候老化严重变色的原因进行具体分析,提出具体的措施实施整改,并对整改后的危险报警开关耐老化性能进行验证分析,结果表明经过整改后的危险报警开关耐气候老化性能有了很大的提高。     

川渝地区天然气钻井作业环境影响及防治措施

针对天然气钻井作业特点、川渝地区土地资源与生态环境条件,在分析天然气钻井作业对川渝地区社会环境与生态环境影响及环境污染的基础上,提出了目前川渝地区天然气钻井作业存在的环境问题,并根据这些环境问题分别在钻井不同作业过程中给出了环境防治措施。     

Estimating the value of foresight: aggregate analysis of natural hazard mitigation benefits and costs

Hazard mitigation planners claim that foresighted present actions and investments produce significant future benefits. However, they have difficulty in supporting their claims, since previously their evidence typically was derived from individual case studies. Constituents and decision makers are often sceptical, believing that individual cases are either inapplicable to their situation or non-randomly selected to support a particular view. Planners need objective evidence based on a large body of experience to support the case for mitigation. Such is the unique contribution of a recent U.S. study that found that each dollar spent in three federal natural hazard mitigation grant programs (the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, Project Impact, and the Flood Mitigation Assistance Program) saves society an average of $4 in future avoided losses. Complementing the aggregate benefit-cost analysis with community-based evaluations, the study yielded insights on how planners can improve long-term community resilience in the face of extreme events. Valuable lessons for mitigation planners and policy makers emerged: the need to consider a wide variety of losses, the importance of mixing qualitative with quantitative analysis, the value of averaging results over a large number of projects, and the need to more explicitly address social issues and data collection in order to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience to cope with twenty-first century hazards.     

Natech风险研究:现状、理论及展望

由自然灾害引发的工业企业环境安全事故又称为自然灾害诱发的技术事故(Natech).我国是工业大国,重化工业是我国的主导产业之一;同时我国还是世界上自然灾害严重的国家之一,Natech风险不容忽视.开展Natech风险识别、评估和管理研究,有助于我国Natech风险管理体系的完善,防范和降低区域Natech风险.目前,我国Natech风险基础研究尚处于起步阶段,难以支撑我国Natech风险防控实践.本文从Natech风险发生机制、风险评估、风险感知与最大可接受风险水平、风险管理体系等四个方面回顾了国内外Natech风险研究现状,初步梳理了Natech风险的基本理论,并对我国未来Natech风险的研究方向进行了展望,为我国Natech风险研究领域的发展提供参考.     

川东北-川西输气联络线工程对驷马保护区的影响评价及对策

对川东北-川西输气联络线工程对四川驷马省级自然保护区自然资源、自然生态系统和主要保护对象的影响进行了评估。其主要结论是:在施工期,四川驷马自然保护区的森林面积将减少,水体质量将降低,部分野生动物将受到损伤或远离现有的栖息地,部分植物个体将被采伐,生态系统结构将发生变化,主要保护对象也将受到一定的影响;在运营期,四川驷马自然保护区自然资源、自然生态系统和主要保护对象受联络线工程的影响较轻。为了减轻影响,从控制影响因素方面提出了一些建议。