共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
2.
作物秸秆资源的利用对提高食物安全,减轻环境污染,促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义.通过对农户的调查,分析了山西省夏县的秸秆利用途径,对该县秸秆利用现状进行了评价,并分析了造成这种现状的原因.结果表明,夏县作为典型的"小麦-玉米"二熟农作区,秸秆利用效率较高,其中小麦秸秆主要用于工业原料、饲料和还田,玉米秸秆则主要用于饲料和弃置堆放.这种利用方式与造纸业发展、传统的牲畜饲喂方式、农业机械化发展和气候特点有关.最后提出了进一步高效利用秸秆资源的建议. 相似文献
3.
秸秆处置方式会对种植系统的能源消耗和温室气体排放造成显著影响。采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,通过随机抽样方法对江苏省溧阳市有限的(70户)农户不同秸秆处置方式下,"水稻-小麦"轮作系统全生命周期能源消耗和温室气体排放开展了比较分析。结果表明:相比与焚烧和移除,秸秆还田的能耗量处于中间水平,温室气体排放最少,但会造成病虫害增多,增加农药投入。相比其他秸秆处置方式,秸秆还田既能缓解秸秆焚烧带来的季节性空气污染问题,又有较小的全球增温潜势,是较好的秸秆处置方式,但应改进秸秆还田方式,减少病虫害发生。 相似文献
4.
为筛选出适宜东北寒冷区快速腐解秸秆的腐熟剂,通过网袋腐解试验明确施入3种秸秆腐熟剂对玉米秸秆生物量及养分释放的影响。结果显示:经过100 d的腐解,玉米秸秆生物量失重率随着时间的延长逐渐增加,玉米秸秆失重率为57.1%-64.1%,其中以施用3号秸秆腐熟剂的玉米秸秆生物量失重率最高,为64.1%。施入不同秸秆腐熟剂后玉米秸秆氮、磷、钾释放率分别为35.1%-57.2%、44.2%-59.6%、77.4%-89.7%,其中以3号腐熟剂的秸秆磷、钾素释放率最高。各处理有机碳矿化率呈相同的趋势,均随时间的延长逐渐增加,取样末期有机碳矿化率在65.3%-69.1%之间,且各处理间差异不明显。综上,以3号秸秆腐熟剂腐解秸秆的效果最好。 相似文献
5.
6.
基于专利视角分析的我国秸秆还田技术现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《资源开发与市场》2017,(3)
秸秆属于重要的可再生资源,我国对秸秆的主要利用途径是还田。秸秆还田领域内的专利在一定程度上反应出秸秆还田技术的科技创新力与发展现状。针对近年来该领域的专利分布与特点进行了分析,对已有专利视角特征、秸秆利用研究潜力与前景进行了总结与展望,并提出了技术研究和专利形成过程中需要注意的问题,以期为我国秸秆还田技术的研究与发展提供一定的参考。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
《绿叶》2016,(7)
我国秸秆资源量大、分布面广、种类繁多,有肥料化、饲料化、基料化、燃料化、原料化等5种利用方式。总体上看,现有的秸秆利用方式技术含量不高、附加值低,部分成熟的技术有待推广;未被有效利用的秸秆仍占一定比重,秸秆焚烧现象时有发生,成为大气污染的重要源头。虽然国家和许多地方政府针对秸秆综合利用出台了税收减免、财政补贴、项目支持等一系列扶持政策,秸秆利用初见成效,但是仍然存在对秸秆综合利用的认识误区,利用重点不突出;缺乏系统设计,政策难以形成合力;秸秆收储运体系不畅;核心技术不成熟,已有技术有待推广等问题。因此,需要正确定位秸秆资源,引导秸秆综合利用的发展方向;统筹规划,构建长效机制,加大秸秆工业化利用的政策支持力度;健全秸秆收储运体系;强化科技创新支持,提高秸秆利用规模化、工业化和环保水平。 相似文献
10.
11.
我国的农作物秸秆资源丰富,近年来,在国家有关部门和各地政府积极推动和支持下,秸秆综合利用取得了显著成果,多种形式的秸秆综合利用技术得到了一定程度的推广应用。但农作物秸秆综合利用的管理措施不健全,特别是秸秆生态补偿机制没有形成统一法律规范。文章介绍了农作物秸秆综合利用的重点技术,并以安徽省为例介绍了秸秆综合利用存在的管理缺陷,列举了部分秸秆生态补偿的实例。在农作物秸秆综合利用过程中,健全法律规范,完善秸秆综合利用生态补偿机制,对于秸秆资源的充分利用、增加农民收入、减少秸秆焚烧和随地堆放造成的环境污染、保护和恢复生态环境等方面都有重要意义。 相似文献
12.
我国农作物秸秆综合利用概况 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
农作物秸秆是一种宝贵的生物质资源,但是长期以来由于传统的观念和条件的限制,综合利用程度不高。随着石化资源的日趋枯竭和环境问题的日益突出,以及人们对可持续发展、保护环境和循环经济的追求,农作物秸秆的资源化利用日益成为农业、能源、建材、化工等领域的聚焦点,各种综合利用技术不断被开发并投入产业化。 相似文献
13.
农业秸秆作为一种可再生能源资源,充分开发利用可促进当地经济发展和能源结构调整,其经济效益是十分可观的。大力发展农作物秸秆利用产业,对于充分利用作物再生资源,增加农民收入,推进科技创新,建立循环经济发展模式和环境友好型社会,具有重要的经济意义和深远的社会意义。 相似文献
14.
John Butlin 《Resources Policy》1983,9(3):177-194
This article attempts to evaluate whether an appropriate consumption-based tax is likely to be successful in reducing demand for certain exhaustible resources, thereby curtailing their rate of depletion and increasing the demand for, and utilization of, secondary materials. The nature of such a tax and anticipated effects (including environmental impact) of its imposition on certain primary materials are considered, concentrating here on one metal, aluminium. The study concludes that a tax based on the exhaustible resources and energy used in the production of a good is likely to create more savings for fossil fuels than for other exhaustible resources. 相似文献
15.
秸秆等纤维作物的综合利用进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文综述了近年来国内外综合利用麦秆、棉秆、玉米秆、甘蔗渣等纤维作物技术以及有关研究的进展情况,以期有助于环境保护和自然资源的充分利用。 相似文献
16.
This article describes biomass fuels as renewable and sustainable energy resources in Minnesota as well as across the United States. This country has long benefited from surplus supplies of diverse energy resources, while our dependency on foreign petroleum supplies and domestic coal reserves has only recently prompted Congress to recognize the importance of renewable and alternative fuels such as biomass energy. Our further utilization of biomass power and biofuels can be an important step in altering our dependency on both coal and petroleum while simultaneously reducing carbon dioxide emissions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
17.
以江苏省某乡镇为对象,开展了农作物秸秆产生量、秸秆利用状况、农民处理秸秆方式的调查研究。结果表明,秸秆收集利用量占秸秆产生总量的比例不足25%,50%以上农户产生的秸秆得不到有效利用;农业从业者综合素质相对较低、技术普及不到位、作物收种时间重叠、效益驱动不足、秸秆利用机制不健全是秸秆禁烧和利用面临的主要问题。针对主要问题,从科技支撑、有效组织、政策引导、农机农艺、宣传培训等方面提出了合理的建议。 相似文献
18.
19.
中国药用植物资源现状 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
对中国药用植物资源的种类、分布特点及其开发利用现状做了简要介绍,总结了我国针对近年来资源大量浪费采取的一系列保护措施,希望能对下一步资源的可持续利用提供帮助. 相似文献
20.
To establish energetically and environmentally viable paddy rice-based bioethanol production systems in northern Japan, it is important to implement appropriately selected agronomic practice options during the rice cultivation step. In this context, effects of rice variety (conventional vs. high-yielding) and rice straw management (return to vs. removal from the paddy field) on energy inputs from fuels and consumption of materials, greenhouse gas emissions (fuel and material consumption-derived CO(2) emissions as well as paddy soil CH(4) and N(2)O emissions) and ethanol yields were assessed. The estimated ethanol yield from the high-yielding rice variety, "Kita-aoba" was 2.94 kL ha(-1), a 32% increase from the conventional rice variety, "Kirara 397". Under conventional rice production in northern Japan (conventional rice variety and straw returned to the paddy), raising seedlings, mechanical field operations, transportation of harvested unhulled brown rice and consumption of materials (seeds, fertilizers, biocides and agricultural machinery) amounted to 28.5 GJ ha(-1) in energy inputs. The total energy input was increased by 14% by using the high-yielding variety and straw removal, owing to increased requirements for fuels in harvesting and transporting harvested rice as well as in collecting, loading and transporting rice straw. In terms of energy efficiency, the variation among rice variety and straw management scenarios regarding rice varieties and rice straw management was small (28.5-32.6 GJ ha(-1) or 10.1-14.0 MJ L(-1)). Meanwhile, CO(2)-equivalent greenhouse gas emissions varied considerably from scenario to scenario, as straw management had significant impacts on CH(4) emissions from paddy soils. When rice straw was incorporated into the soil, total CO(2)-equivalent greenhouse gas emissions for "Kirara 397" and "Kita-aoba" were 25.5 and 28.2 Mg CO(2) ha(-1), respectively; however, these emissions were reduced notably for the two varieties when rice straw was removed from the paddy fields in an effort to mitigate CH(4) emissions. Thus, rice straw removal avers itself a key practice with respect to lessening the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions in paddy rice-based ethanol production systems in northern Japan. More crucially, the rice straw removed is available for ethanol production and generation of heat energy with a biomass boiler, all elements required for biomass-to-ethanol transformation steps including saccharification, fermentation and distillation. This indicates opportunities for further improvement in energy efficiency and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions under whole rice plant-based bioethanol production systems. 相似文献