垃圾焚烧中二恶英的生成条件与控制策略

本文揭示了二恶英的理化特性和危害,并对垃圾焚烧中二恶英的初始生成、高温分解以及后期合成三 个主要阶段进行原理和过程分析,提出了控制策略。     

垃圾焚烧烟气净化处理技术

为了避免城市生活垃圾焚烧对环境产生二次污染，必须对垃圾焚烧烟气进行净化处理才能排放。而二恶英的存在又对烟气净化技术提出更高的要求。因此采用先进的烟气净化处理技术和和高效的运行管理方式是防止二次污染的关键。     

垃圾焚烧过程中二恶英污染控制技术

本文对垃圾焚烧过程中如何控制二恶英的产生及焚烧后的残渣、飞灰的处理技术进行了综合分析,并对适合我国国情的垃圾焚烧技术作了初步探讨。     

垃圾焚烧与二恶英的产生及控制

本文阐述了二恶英的毒性、结构、性质、来源。二恶英的生成主要有二条途径 ,第一条途径是从与二恶英结构关系不紧密的 ,碳水化合物开始而生成的 ,第二条途径是从具有与二恶英结构相近的氯化苯酚等而生成的。垃圾焚烧中影响二恶英生成的因素有粒子状物质、催化剂 (如铜、铁、镍、锌等具有催化剂的作用 )、氯、碳、焚烧炉中温度 (2 5 0～ 70 0℃ )。控制垃圾焚烧中二恶英生成的对策有垃圾焚烧前的分类处理、二恶英生成抑制、二恶英排放抑制。     

垃圾焚烧处理二恶英的产生及控制

本文对垃圾焚烧过程中二恶英的产生机理进行了简要分析,并对如何控制二恶英的产生及污染进行了论述.     

CFB-FGD在垃圾焚烧烟气净化中的应用

本文介绍了采用CFB-FGD技术脱除垃圾焚烧烟气中二恶英、重金属,SOX等污染物的原理及工艺特点.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施二恶英实测分析

垃圾焚烧是二噁英重要来源之一。本文对城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施排烟和设施周边的二噁英浓度进行实测与分析，结果表明，合理控制垃圾焚烧锅炉运行工况，可以有效控制焚烧过程中二恶英生成，使其达到国家排放标准。     

数字

近日，住房和城乡建设部、国家发展和改革委员会、环境保护部三部委联合下发的《生活垃圾处理技术指南》，明确了垃圾处理技术路线，对市民极为关心的二恶英控制提出了控温等三项技术要求。按照三部委的要求，生活垃圾焚烧厂须全年不停运转，每条生产线的年运行时间应在8000小时以上，整个垃圾焚烧系统设计寿命要大于20年。     

垃圾焚烧发电的技术特点与问题分析

随着垃圾产生量的增加,垃圾处理成为人们十分关注的问题.填埋、焚烧和堆肥是目前普遍采用的三种处理方式.在综合介绍、对比三种方法处理特点的基础上,重点针对垃圾焚烧发电技术的相关问题着重进行了分析.采用垃圾焚烧工艺需要满足可燃物含量、低位发热值和垃圾含水率等基本参数,且选择层燃炉、回转炉、流化床等不同炉型又有其各自的技术特点.同时,把垃圾焚烧发电的焦点问题集中在焚烧处理中产生的有毒物质二恶英、焚烧飞灰和渗滤液几方面,并对其解决对策进行了分析,以解决垃圾焚烧发电技术的瓶颈问题,实现可持续开发利用.     

垃圾焚烧烟气中二恶英的形态及去除方法

本文对垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气中二恶英的形态、浓度分布及国内已投产并验收的企业的烟气排放数据进行了调查分析，并指出有效去除烟气中二恶英的措施有采用高效袋式除尘器和在袋式除尘器前喷加活性炭粉两种。     

医疗废物集中焚烧处置技术的研究与应用

通过分析各种医疗废物处理技术的特点,指出医疗废物集中焚烧处置技术能够有效处理医疗废物、满足国家对医疗废物处理的要求,适宜在医疗废物集中处置项目中广泛应用。但该技术在实际工程应用中,还存在如处理成本高、设备使用寿命短和二英排放不易控制等问题,尚需进一步研究加以克服。     

戈尔膜过滤器在采油废水处理中的应用

"聚合物驱"采油技术在提高原油采收率的同时也产生了大量的采油废水。传统处理工艺多采用核桃壳过滤,处理效果不理想。戈尔膜过滤器因其具有效率高、运行稳定、易于维修以及全自动化控制等优点,更适合现行处理工艺的改造需求,在采油废水处理中避免了一些生物与化学处理所引起的二次污染等问题,具有较高的推广价值。     

垃圾焚烧厂二噁英达标排放探讨

垃圾焚烧厂是二噁英分解器。采用机电光气一体化高新技术来建造焚烧厂,可确保二噁英达标排放。     

Medical waste management in Korea

The management of medical waste is of great importance due to its potential environmental hazards and public health risks. In the past medical waste was often mixed with municipal solid waste and disposed of in residential waste landfills or improper treatment facilities (e.g. inadequately controlled incinerators) in Korea. In recent years, many efforts have been made by environmental regulatory agencies and waste generators to better manage the waste from healthcare facilities. This paper presents an overview of the current management practices of medical waste in Korea. Information regarding generation, composition, segregation, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes is provided and discussed. Medical waste incineration is identified as the most preferred disposal method and will be the only available treatment option in late 2005. Faced with increased regulations over toxic air emissions (e.g. dioxins and furans), all existing small incineration facilities that do not have air pollution control devices will cease operation in the next few years. Large-scale medical waste incinerators would be responsible for the treatment of medical waste generated by most healthcare facilities in Korea. It is important to point out that there is a great potential to emit air toxic pollutants from such incinerators if improperly operated and managed, because medical waste typically contains a variety of plastic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Waste minimization and recycling, control of toxic air emissions at medical waste incinerators, and alternative treatment methods to incineration are regarded to be the major challenges in the future.     

医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的开发及应用

国内已建成的医疗废物焚烧设施目前普遍存在进料系统不稳定、玻璃结渣和高浓度HCl气体的排放的问题。这些技术难点已成为医疗废物焚烧处置行业发展的瓶颈。本文介绍了可解决上述问题的"可调节医疗废物恒流量进料技术"、"医废焚烧防玻璃结渣技术"和"含高浓度氯化氢医废尾气处理技术"三项医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的主要特点及技术指标与应用实例。     

Introduction of a waste incineration tax: Effects on the Swedish waste flows

A tax on waste-to-energy incineration of fossil carbon in municipal solid waste from households was introduced in Sweden on July 1, 2006. The tax has led to higher incineration gate fees. One of the main purposes with the tax is to increase the incentive for recycling of materials, including biological treatment. We investigate whether and to what extent this effect can be expected. A spreadsheet model is developed in order to estimate the net marginal cost of alternative waste treatment methods, i.e., the marginal cost of alternative treatment minus avoided cost of incineration. The value of the households’ time needed for source separation is discussed and included. The model includes the nine largest fractions, totalling 85% (weight), of the household waste currently being sent to waste incineration: food waste, newsprint, paper packaging, soft and hard plastic packaging, diapers, yard waste, other paper waste, and non-combustible waste. Our results indicate that the incineration tax will have the largest effect on biological treatment of kitchen and garden waste, which may increase by 9%. The consequences of an incineration tax depend on: (a) the level of the tax, (b) whether the tax is based on an assumed average Swedish fossil carbon content or on the measured carbon content in each incineration plant, (c) institutional factors such as the cooperation between waste incinerators, and (d) technological factors such as the availability of central sorting of waste or techniques for measurement of fossil carbon in exhaust gases, etc. Information turns out to be a key factor in transferring the governing force of the tax to the households as well improving the households’ attitudes towards material recycling.     

Introduction of a waste incineration tax: Effects on the Swedish waste flows

A tax on waste-to-energy incineration of fossil carbon in municipal solid waste from households was introduced in Sweden on July 1, 2006. The tax has led to higher incineration gate fees. One of the main purposes with the tax is to increase the incentive for recycling of materials, including biological treatment. We investigate whether and to what extent this effect can be expected. A spreadsheet model is developed in order to estimate the net marginal cost of alternative waste treatment methods, i.e., the marginal cost of alternative treatment minus avoided cost of incineration. The value of the households’ time needed for source separation is discussed and included. The model includes the nine largest fractions, totalling 85% (weight), of the household waste currently being sent to waste incineration: food waste, newsprint, paper packaging, soft and hard plastic packaging, diapers, yard waste, other paper waste, and non-combustible waste. Our results indicate that the incineration tax will have the largest effect on biological treatment of kitchen and garden waste, which may increase by 9%. The consequences of an incineration tax depend on: (a) the level of the tax, (b) whether the tax is based on an assumed average Swedish fossil carbon content or on the measured carbon content in each incineration plant, (c) institutional factors such as the cooperation between waste incinerators, and (d) technological factors such as the availability of central sorting of waste or techniques for measurement of fossil carbon in exhaust gases, etc. Information turns out to be a key factor in transferring the governing force of the tax to the households as well improving the households’ attitudes towards material recycling.     

回转窑在处理危废铬渣中的应用

铬渣主要指铬盐厂生产过程中产生的有毒废渣,属于危险废物,其危害源自于所含的毒性很大的六价铬。文章介绍了危险废物处理行业中采用回转窑焚烧处理铬渣,及后续烟气净化、彻底无害化处理的工艺设计过程。为铬渣的处理提供了一套系统高效的处理方式。     

辽宁省危险废物排放现状与污染控制战略

结合辽宁省危险废物排放现状，提出辽宁省危险废物污染控制战略。建立全省危险废物管理与登记交换中心，建设省级危险废物安全填埋处置中心、危险废物焚烧中心、省级危险废物污染事故预警系统。提出全省医疗废物处置设施建设布局和技术路线选择方案、硼泥和铬渣处置技术路线。在大城市或经济较发达城市，可采取回转炉方法集中焚烧医疗废物，而运输半径之外偏远山区或经济欠发达城市可采用高温灭菌方法处置本辖区内的医疗废物。硼泥、铬渣则优先采用资源化技术进行处置。